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Old Man and the Sea
The last novel Ernest Hemingway saw published, The Old Man and the Sea has proved itself to be one of the most enduring works of American fiction. It is the story of an old Cuban fisherman, down on his luck, and his supreme ordeal: a relentless, agonizing battle with a giant marlin far out in the Gulf Stream.
Using the simple, powerful language of a fable, Hemingway takes the timeless themes of courage in the face of defeat and personal triumph won from loss and transforms them into a magnificent 20th-century American classic about resilience, courage, and survival. Written in 1952, this hugely successful short classic novel confirmed his power and presence in the literary world and played a large part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature.
- ISBN-13978-0743237307
- EditionReissue
- PublisherScribner
- Publication dateJuly 25, 2002
- LanguageEnglish
- File size23.3 MB
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Editorial Reviews
Review
—The Guardian
“His masterpiece... a perfect piece of work.”
—Mario Vargas Llosa
“The old man embodies the ambition and courage it takes to live, and the need to redeem yourself again and again in your own eyes. When at last after ntold agonies you hook the prize, the achievement of a lifetime, the biggest damn fish out there…it falls apart. The story is about the fact that life ends—a hard-to-ignore truth that we spend our days ignoring. All you have is the moment, this moment.”
—Abraham Verghese
"Here is the master technician once more at the top of his form, doing superbly what he can do better than anyone else.”
—The New York Times
From the Publisher
From the Back Cover
About the Author
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
He was an old man who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. In the first forty days a boy had been with him. But after forty days without a fish the boy's parents had told him that the old man was now definitely and finally salao, which is the worst form of unlucky, and the boy had gone at their orders in another boat which caught three good fish the first week. It made the boy sad to see the old man come in each day with his skiff empty and he always went down to help him carry either the coiled lines or the gaff and harpoon and the sail that was furled around the mast. The sail was patched with flour sacks and, furled, it looked like the flag of permanent defeat.
The old man was thin and gaunt with deep wrinkles in the back of his neck. The brown blotches of the benevolent skin cancer the sun brings from its reflection on the tropic sea were on his cheeks. The blotches ran well down the sides of his face and his hands had the deep-creased scars from handling heavy fish on the cords. But none of these scars were fresh. They were as old as erosions in a fishless desert.
Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.
"Santiago," the boy said to him as they climbed the bank from where the skiff was hauled up. "I could go with you again. We've made some money."
The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him.
"No," the old man said. "You're with a lucky boat. Stay with them."
"But remember how you went eighty-seven days without fish and then we caught big ones every day for three weeks."
"I remember," the old man said. "I know you did not leave me because you doubted."
"It was papa made me leave. I am a boy and I must obey him."
"I know," the old man said. "It is quite normal."
"He hasn't much faith."
"No," the old man said. "But we have. Haven't we?"
"Yes," the boy said. "Can I offer you a beer on the Terrace and then we'll take the stuff home."
"Why not?" the old man said. "Between fishermen."
They sat on the Terrace and many of the fishermen made fun of the old man and he was not angry. Others, of the older fishermen, looked at him and were sad. But they did not show it and they spoke politely about the current and the depths they had drifted their lines at and the steady good weather and of what they had seen. The successful fishermen of that day were already in and had butchered their marlin out and carried them laid full length across two planks, with two men staggering at the end of each plank, to the fish house where they waited for the ice truck to carry them to the market in Havana. Those who had caught sharks had taken them to the shark factory on the other side of the cove where they were hoisted on a block and tackle, their livers removed, their fins cut off and their hides skinned out and their flesh cut into strips for salting.
When the wind was in the east a smell came across the harbour from the shark factory; but today there was only the faint edge of the odour because the wind had backed into the north and then dropped off and it was pleasant and sunny on the Terrace.
"Santiago," the boy said.
"Yes," the old man said. He was holding his glass and thinking of many years ago.
"Can I go out to get sardines for you for tomorrow?"
"No. Go and play baseball. I can still row and Rogelio will throw the net."
"I would like to go. If I cannot fish with you, I would like to serve in some way."
"You bought me a beer," the old man said. "You are already a man."
"How old was I when you first took me in a boat?"
"Five and you nearly were killed when I brought the fish in too green and he nearly tore the boat to pieces. Can you remember?"
"I can remember the tail slapping and banging and the thwart breaking and the noise of the clubbing. I can remember you throwing me into the bow where the wet coiled lines were and feeling the whole boat shiver and the noise of you clubbing him like chopping a tree down and the sweet blood smell all over me."
"Can you really remember that or did I just tell it to you?"
"I remember everything from when we first went together."
The old man looked at him with his sun-burned, confident loving eyes.
"If you were my boy I'd take you out and gamble," he said. "But you are your father's and your mother's and you are in a lucky boat."
"May I get the sardines? I know where I can get four baits too."
"I have mine left from today. I put them in salt in the box."
"Let me get four fresh ones."
"One," the old man said. His hope and his confidence had never gone. But now they were freshening as when the breeze rises.
"Two," the boy said.
"Two," the old man agreed. "You didn't steal them?"
"I would," the boy said. "But I bought these."
"Thank you," the old man said. He was too simple to wonder when he had attained humility. But he knew he had attained it and he knew it was not disgraceful and it carried no loss of true pride.
"Tomorrow is going to be a good day with this current," he said.
"Where are you going?" the boy asked.
"Far out to come in when the wind shifts. I want to be out before it is light."
"I'll try to get him to work far out," the boy said. "Then if you hook something truly big we can come to your aid."
"He does not like to work too far out."
"No," the boy said. "But I will see something that he cannot see such as a bird working and get him to come out after dolphin."
"Are his eyes that bad?"
"He is almost blind."
"It is strange," the old man said. "He never went turtle-ing. That is what kills the eyes."
"But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good."
"I am a strange old man."
"But are you strong enough now for a truly big fish?"
"I think so. And there are many tricks."
Copyright © 1952 by Ernest Hemingway
Copyright renewed © 1980 by Mary Hemingway
Product details
- ASIN : B000FC0SH8
- Publisher : Scribner
- Accessibility : Learn more
- Publication date : July 25, 2002
- Edition : Reissue
- Language : English
- File size : 23.3 MB
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Not Enabled
- Word Wise : Enabled
- Print length : 128 pages
- ISBN-13 : 978-0743237307
- Page Flip : Enabled
- Best Sellers Rank: #22,834 in Kindle Store (See Top 100 in Kindle Store)
- #4 in Sea Stories
- #28 in Classic Short Stories
- #46 in Literary Short Stories
- Customer Reviews:
About the authors

Ernest Hemingway was born in 1899. His father was a doctor and he was the second of six children. Their home was at Oak Park, a Chicago suburb.
In 1917, Hemingway joined the Kansas City Star as a cub reporter. The following year, he volunteered as an ambulance driver on the Italian front, where he was badly wounded but decorated for his services. He returned to America in 1919, and married in 1921. In 1922, he reported on the Greco-Turkish war before resigning from journalism to devote himself to fiction. He settled in Paris where he renewed his earlier friendships with such fellow-American expatriates as Ezra Pound and Gertrude Stein. Their encouragement and criticism were to play a valuable part in the formation of his style.
Hemingway's first two published works were Three Stories and Ten Poems and In Our Time but it was the satirical novel, The Torrents of Spring, that established his name more widely. His international reputation was firmly secured by his next three books; Fiesta, Men Without Women and A Farewell to Arms.
He was passionately involved with bullfighting, big-game hunting and deep-sea fishing and his writing reflected this. He visited Spain during the Civil War and described his experiences in the bestseller, For Whom the Bell Tolls.
His direct and deceptively simple style of writing spawned generations of imitators but no equals. Recognition of his position in contemporary literature came in 1954 when he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, following the publication of The Old Man and the Sea. He died in 1961.

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Top reviews from the United States
- 5 out of 5 stars
simple but beautiful
Reviewed in the United States on October 4, 2026Simple story but very beautiful. I really enjoy this book and the story. It was fun to read as well.
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Beautifully Written
Reviewed in the United States on July 20, 2026This is my first time reading a Hemingway book, and I must say it was a delightful experience. His writing is beautiful. It feels as if you're right there with the characters, which makes the story even more moving and prompts you to reflect on and compare it to your own life.
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Solid read
Reviewed in the United States on February 14, 2025A very matter-of fact writing style by Hemingway which is rather enjoyable to read. A story of will-power and perseverance out at sea. Solid read.
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a must
Reviewed in the United States on July 5, 2026I read this book a while ago. About to read it again. It is truly captivating and allows you to time travel back in the era.
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A late in life struggle…
Reviewed in the United States on May 13, 2016I’ve read the majority of Hemingway’s works, almost all of them when I was in my teen’s and 20’s. I am now in the process of re-reading a number of them, including this finely crafted novella, which was a contributing factor in Hemingway being awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954. Particularly this work, after almost a half a century, resonate all the more, now that you can feel some of the old man’s pains, and you are much more conscious how you have to use your knowledge and experience to overcome the declining strength of one’s body. A high school student really cannot truly understand.
The “old man” is Cuban, whose wife has died, and he lives in a shack, alone, along the beach, still practicing the only real profession he has ever known: being a fisherman. A young boy has “adopted” him, and provides moral and physical support to alleviate his poverty. The “old man” has had his “glory days,” sailing as far away as Africa, where he saw the lions on the beach. He also had immense strength in his youth, beating an opponent in a hand-wrestling contest that lasted all night.
The heart of the novella is when the Old Man “grabbed the Brass Ring,” hooking the largest fish ever, a marlin that is two feet longer that his 16 foot skiff. It is truly an epic struggle to reel the marlin in – and the old man fishing experience allows him to “think like a fish,” knowing instinctively the most likely tactics the fish will use. The old man also instinctively knows – long before the days of GPS and weather forecasts, where he is, and what weather will be forthcoming. Even with all his experience, he rues how unprepared he is, in terms of the omission of certain equipment from his boat, for such a multi-day struggle with The Big One of his life. He can still summon forth some of his youth’s strength, along with his cunning, in order to prevail.
Victory though is bittersweet, as it so often is. On more than one occasion I’ve thought that the bleak outcome of this work might have foreshadowed Hemingway’s decision to commit suicide, at the young age of 61, when so many possibilities still remained.
In terms of “high school assignment books,” this is one that I fully advocate still being assigned, for many a student should appreciate the straightforward narrative, and the clean-cut epic struggle, even though today they might never have heard of Joe DiMaggio, or known that the Dodgers were once in Brooklyn. But if you read it in high school today, please make a modest commitment to read it a half century later, and undertake the steps to improve your chances of making it that half century. For your understanding of it, the second time around, might easily be “3 x” that of your youth. 5-stars.
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A Great Reread for Me
Reviewed in the United States on August 5, 2026I like the way Hemingway writes about fish and trials catching them.
I'm looking forward to his next short story.
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A book on failed risk management.
Reviewed in the United States on August 16, 2026The 1 start was docked for me because I actually didn’t car for the writing style of the conversion.
Semi-spoiler alert
But the book was enjoyable. I spent half the book a bit annoyed that THE veteran fisherman was so terrible with risk management.
He set out to catch a large fish, was warned that he might be in trouble if he did, made no adjustments to his plan, then caught the fish.
In doing so, he gained very little and nearly lost everything.
It did not make a lot of sense.
Someone told me this book is about resilience. I respect his resilience, but it could have been mitigated and equally profitable.
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The (biggest) one that got away
Reviewed in the United States on May 11, 2009How dare I? How dare I criticize one of the greatest works by the Nobel laureate, Hemingway, a literary giant of the last century? How dare I criticize a great American writer who showed that the U.S.of A is more than than a land of gun-toting, tobacco chewing, spitting cowpokes? How? Because Hemingway himself would expect me to do so. If The Old and the Sea has something to teach us, then as every great teacher knows, it is to teach the next generation to be better writers.
Hemingway's sentences are often long, convoluted and confusing. Take one at random "Each line, as thick around as a big pencil; was looped onto a green-sapped stick so that any pull or touch on the bait would make the stick dip and each line had two forty-fathom coils which could be made fast to the other spare coils so that, if it were necessary, a fish could take out over a hundred fathoms of line." Take a breath.
First this is 'telling', it is not 'showing'. Maybe 50 years ago readers were content to be told, but they no longer are. Second it has words that are as sin in contemporary writing - 'was'. Third it has redundancies that add nothing to the story ', if it was necessary,' These errors detract from the story. The greatest writing error is such complex sentences shove too much information into the reader's mind in one breath. The reader is forced to read again, to check he has understood. Good writing should slip effortlessly into the readers mind creating scenes, characters and emotions, like a good wine intoxicates. Writing is not to be read , it is to be seen and felt.
We all know readers will forgive all manner of errors for a gripping story. Hemingway's writing is powerful. He engages the reader's empathy for the protagonist and skillfuly plots, building the pace up and down like the waves of the setting. These are the true story telling skills but Hemingway uses them to excess. Long before the story turns the corner, the ending is predictable.
For the literati, The Old Man and the Sea is a classic retelling of courage in the face of defeat, of personal triumph snatched from the jaws of loss. But lets be candid. We can imagine Hemingway sitting in at a bar in his tropical escape, gradually getting bored by visiting tourists' stories of the fish, this big, that got away. So he told the most incredible story of the biggest one to get away, a story to end all such fishing exaggerations.
Let's not be distracted by Hemingway's failure to edit, his failure to recognize darlings and kill them. Let's pay homage to one of the greatest writers and personalities of his time. Let's pay homage as Hemingway would have wanted, by emulating his skills and learning not to repeat his failings.
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Top reviews from other countries
Suresh Kumar5 out of 5 starsGood Quality
Reviewed in India on September 19, 2026Amazing Book and this is a must read book.
Delivered nicely and Paper Quality is also good. 👍
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J OMOND5 out of 5 starsClassic Hemingway
Reviewed in Australia on December 22, 2023Read it in a day, mainly sitting by the water’s edge in Mexico- so not far from where it is set. Such a simple story but so beautifully and powerfully written - you can almost taste the salt on your lips, and the rope burning across your hands. A classic for a reason. And timeless.
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Jonas Armond1 out of 5 starsScam - the actual contents is a different book
Reviewed in Sweden on December 5, 2024The cover claims that the book is Ernest Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea," but when I opened it up, the actual contents is "Revelations of Divine Love" by Julian of Norwich - a Christian text. I guess Benediction Classics is running some sort of religious scam, trying to trick people into reading Christian texts by any means necessary.
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Laura Maia5 out of 5 starsSobre idas e vindas
Reviewed in Brazil on April 12, 2022Esse livro é simplesmente maravilhoso! A história é excelente e a relação do velho com o menino me fez refletir demais. Fala sobre as idas e vindas da vida, é uma metáfora sobre viver uma vida com riscos, uma história de redenção. Além disso, é uma leitura perfeita para quem quer aprender inglês, as palavras "diferentes" possuem um índice explicando o que elas significam e se você clica em cima delas, há um dicionário. É muito bem ilustrado e há no final dele umas perguntas excelentes para fazer com crianças.


Esse livro é simplesmente maravilhoso! A história é excelente e a relação do velho com o menino me fez refletir demais. Fala sobre as idas e vindas da vida, é uma metáfora sobre viver uma vida com riscos, uma história de redenção. Além disso, é uma leitura perfeita para quem quer aprender inglês, as palavras "diferentes" possuem um índice explicando o que elas significam e se você clica em cima delas, há um dicionário. É muito bem ilustrado e há no final dele umas perguntas excelentes para fazer com crianças.
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María Ángeles5 out of 5 starsEs un libro delicioso
Reviewed in Spain on September 6, 2017Es un libro muy corto y se me ha hecho todavía más corto. Leerlo ha sido una delicia. He disfrutado muchísimo. Me ha encantado como de una historia tan sencilla Hemingway ha creado una novela tan atrayente e íntima.
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