C - Catch That Cow 广度优先搜索

C - Catch That Cow

Farmer John has been informed of the location of a fugitive cow and wants to catch her immediately. He starts at a point N (0 ≤ N ≤ 100,000) on a number line and the cow is at a point K (0 ≤ K ≤ 100,000) on the same number line. Farmer John has two modes of transportation: walking and teleporting.

* Walking: FJ can move from any point X to the points X - 1 or X + 1 in a single minute
* Teleporting: FJ can move from any point X to the point 2 × X in a single minute.

If the cow, unaware of its pursuit, does not move at all, how long does it take for Farmer John to retrieve it?

Input
Line 1: Two space-separated integers: N and K
Output
Line 1: The least amount of time, in minutes, it takes for Farmer John to catch the fugitive cow.
Sample Input
5 17
Sample Output
4
Hint
The fastest way for Farmer John to reach the fugitive cow is to move along the following path: 5-10-9-18-17, which takes 4 minutes.

注:本题之所以用广度优先搜索,是因为超找的是最短路径,走哪一条路最短,所以采用广度优先搜索,广度优先搜索采用队列的形式来实现,那么现在就来总结一下DFS和BFS的区别和常用规格。

BFS算法:

思想:一直往深处走,直到找到解或者走不下去为止

大体框架:

DFS(dep,.......)

{

    if(找到解 || 走不下去)

    {

         .........

        return ;

     }

    枚举下一种情况,DFS(dep+1,........)

}


BFS算法:

思路:

1.从初始状态S开始,利用规则,生成下一层的状态。

2.顺序检查下一层的所有状态,看是否出现目标状态G。

否则就对该层所有状态节点,分别利用规则。生成再下一层的所有状态节点。

3.继续按照上面思想生成下一层的所有状态节点,这样一层一层往下展开。

直到出现目标状态为止

先遍历离起点近的,再到远的,网上有一个很形象的例子:你的眼镜掉在地上以后,你趴在地板上找。你总是先摸离你最近的地方,如果没有,再摸距离较远的地方。

通常用队列来实现

初始化队列Q

Q={起点s};

标记s为已访问;

while(Q非空)

{

   取Q队首元素u;

   u出队;

if(u==目标状态)

{.............}

所有与u相邻且未被访问的点进入队列;

标记u为已访问;

}

这个网址有BFS例子具体的实现过程:

https://wenku.baidu.com/view/97c9220452ea551810a687e4.html

参考文献::

http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_130976afd0102v4le.html


AC代码:

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<algorithm>
#include<queue>
using namespace std;

const int N = 200100;
int n, k;
struct node
{
    int x, step;
};
queue<node> Q;
int vis[N];

void BFS()
{
    int X, STEP;
    while(!Q.empty())
    {
        node w2= Q.front();
        Q.pop();
		X = w2.x;
		STEP = w2.step;
        if(X == k)
        {
            printf("%d\n",STEP);
            return ;
        }
        if(X >= 1 && vis[X - 1]==0)
        {
            node w3;
            vis[X - 1] = 1;
            w3.x = X - 1;
            w3.step = STEP + 1;
            Q.push(w3);
        }
        if(X <= k && vis[X + 1]==0)
        {
            node w3;
            vis[X + 1] = 1;
            w3.x = X + 1;
            w3.step = STEP + 1;
            Q.push(w3);
        }
        if(X <= k && vis[X * 2]==0)
        {
            node w3;
            vis[X * 2] = 1;
            w3.x = 2 * X;
            w3.step = STEP + 1;
            Q.push(w3);
        }
    }
}

int main()
{
    while(scanf("%d%d",&n,&k)!=EOF)
    {
        while(!Q.empty())
            Q.pop();
        memset(vis,0,sizeof(vis));
        vis[n] = 1;
        node w1;
        w1.x = n;
        w1.step = 0;
        Q.push(w1);
		BFS();
    }
    return 0;
}

Description The cow bicycling team consists of N (1 <= N <= 20) cyclists. They wish to determine a race strategy which will get one of them across the finish line as fast as possible. Like everyone else, cows race bicycles in packs because that's the most efficient way to beat the wind. While travelling at x laps/minute (x is always an integer), the head of the pack expends x*x energy/minute while the rest of pack drafts behind him using only x energy/minute. Switching leaders requires no time though can only happen after an integer number of minutes. Of course, cows can drop out of the race at any time. The cows have entered a race D (1 <= D <= 100) laps long. Each cow has the same initial energy, E (1 <= E <= 100). What is the fastest possible finishing time? Only one cow has to cross the line. The finish time is an integer. Overshooting the line during some minute is no different than barely reaching it at the beginning of the next minute (though the cow must have the energy left to cycle the entire minute). N, D, and E are integers. Input A single line with three integers: N, E, and D Output A single line with the integer that is the fastest possible finishing time for the fastest possible cow. Output 0 if the cows are not strong enough to finish the race. Sample Input 3 30 20 Sample Output 7 Hint as shown in this chart: leader E pack total used this time---leader--speed--dist---minute 1------1-------5------5------25 2------1-------2------7-------4 3------2*------4------11-----16 4------2-------2------13------4 5------3*------3------16------9 6------3-------2------18------4 7------3-------2------20------4 * = leader switch Source USACO 2002 February
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