Ubuntu或CentOS下Python源码安装，以及需要的依赖包，pip修复安装

原创已于 2022-06-30 10:57:05 修改 · 1.6k 阅读

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Python

CentOS

于 2021-03-22 11:20:21 首次发布

本文档详细介绍了如何在Ubuntu和CentOS系统中编译安装Python，并解决pip丢失的问题。首先更新系统，然后安装必要的依赖包，如build-essential、python-dev等。接着编译Python源码，配置并安装。在CentOS中，使用yum安装相关依赖，同样编译安装Python。当pip缺失时，提供了一种修复方法。整个过程旨在确保Python和pip的正确安装。

准备环境

依赖包


sudo apt-get -y update && sudo apt-get -y upgrade && sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade && sudo apt-get -y autoremove
 
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential python-dev python-setuptools python-pip python-smbus
 
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libncursesw5-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev
 
sudo apt-get install -y zlib1g-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev
 
sudo apt-get install -y libssl-dev openssl
 
sudo apt-get install -y libffi-dev

编译和安装Python

./configure --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-ssl

make && make altinstall

make clean

添加软链接

ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

CentOS编译安装Python

yum install gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel -y
# 下载解压包、进入包里
./configure --enable-optimizations
make altinstall

pip若丢失修复安装

python -m ensurepip --upgrade

若以上命令报错或不支持，可使用以下命令，若非Dockerfile自行修改即可

# if this is called "PIP_VERSION", pip explodes with "ValueError: invalid truth value '<VERSION>'"
ENV PYTHON_PIP_VERSION 21.1.2
# https://github.com/docker-library/python/issues/365
ENV PYTHON_SETUPTOOLS_VERSION 57.0.0
# https://github.com/pypa/get-pip
ENV PYTHON_GET_PIP_URL https://bootstrap.pypa.io/pip/3.6/get-pip.py

RUN set -eux; \
	\
	wget -O get-pip.py "$PYTHON_GET_PIP_URL"; \
	\
	export PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1; \
	\
	python get-pip.py \
		--disable-pip-version-check \
		--no-cache-dir \
		--no-compile \
		"pip==$PYTHON_PIP_VERSION" \
		"setuptools==$PYTHON_SETUPTOOLS_VERSION" \
	; \
	rm -f get-pip.py; \
	\
	pip --version