C++编程思想 第2卷 第6章 通用算法 函数对象 编写自己的函数对象适配器

编写一个把表示浮点数的字符串转化为相应实际数字值的程序
有个创建字符串的发生器
 

//: C06:NumStringGen.h
// From "Thinking in C++, Volume 2", by Bruce Eckel & Chuck Allison.
// (c) 1995-2004 MindView, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// See source code use permissions stated in the file 'License.txt',
// distributed with the code package available at www.MindView.net.
// A random number generator that produces
// strings representing floating-point numbers.
#ifndef NUMSTRINGGEN_H
#define NUMSTRINGGEN_H
#include <cstdlib>
#include <string>

class NumStringGen {
  const int sz; // Number of digits to make
public:
  NumStringGen(int ssz = 5) : sz(ssz) {}
  std::string operator()() {
    std::string digits("0123456789");
    const int ndigits = digits.size();
    std::string r(sz, ' ');
    // Don't want a zero as the first digit
    r[0] = digits[std::rand() % (ndigits - 1)] + 1;
    // Now assign the rest
    for(int i = 1; i < sz; ++i)
      if(sz >= 3 && i == sz/2)
        r[i] = '.'; // Insert a decimal point
      else
        r[i] = digits[std::rand() % ndigits];
    return r;
  }
};
#endif // NUMSTRINGGEN_H ///:~

使用NumStringGen来填写一个vector<string>
要使用标准C库函数atof()来把字符串转换为浮点数型
string类型对象必须首先转化为char类型指针
这是因为从string到char*没有自动类型转换

//: C06:MemFun3.cpp
// From "Thinking in C++, Volume 2", by Bruce Eckel & Chuck Allison.
// (c) 1995-2004 MindView, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// See source code use permissions stated in the file 'License.txt',
// distributed with the code package available at www.MindView.net.
// Using mem_fun().
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "NumStringGen.h"
using namespace std;

int main() {
  const int SZ = 9;
  vector<string> vs(SZ);
  // Fill it with random number strings:
  srand(time(0)); // Randomize
  generate(vs.begin(), vs.end(), NumStringGen());
  copy(vs.begin(), vs.end(),
    ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\t"));
  cout << endl;
  const char* vcp[SZ];
  transform(vs.begin(), vs.end(), vcp,
    mem_fun_ref(&string::c_str));
  vector<double> vd;
  transform(vcp, vcp + SZ, back_inserter(vd),
    std::atof);
  cout.precision(4);
  cout.setf(ios::showpoint);
  copy(vd.begin(), vd.end(),
    ostream_iterator<double>(cout, "\t"));
  cout << endl;
  getchar();
} ///:~

输出
48.87   71.75   20.40   78.39   17.11   87.56   38.51   40.74   63.00
48.87   71.75   20.40   78.39   17.11   87.56   38.51   40.74   63.00
做了两个转换:一是将C++字符串转换成C风格字符串 字符数组
另一个是通过atof()将C风格的字符串转换成数值

用两个函数作为参数并按合适的顺序应用它们

//: C06:ComposeTry.cpp
// From "Thinking in C++, Volume 2", by Bruce Eckel & Chuck Allison.
// (c) 1995-2004 MindView, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// See source code use permissions stated in the file 'License.txt',
// distributed with the code package available at www.MindView.net.
// A first attempt at implementing function composition.
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;

template<typename R, typename E, typename F1, typename F2>
class unary_composer {
  F1 f1;
  F2 f2;
public:
  unary_composer(F1 fone, F2 ftwo) : f1(fone), f2(ftwo) {}
  R operator()(E x) { return f1(f2(x)); }
};

template<typename R, typename E, typename F1, typename F2>
unary_composer<R, E, F1, F2> compose(F1 f1, F2 f2) {
  return unary_composer<R, E, F1, F2>(f1, f2);
}

int main() {
  double x = compose<double, const string&>(
    atof, mem_fun_ref(&string::c_str))("12.34");
  assert(x == 12.34);
} ///:~

无异常对话框
unary_composer对象存储函数指针atof和string::c_str
在调用该对象的operator()时首先要应用后面的函数如果无需提供任何模板参数就更好了
这是对合适的函数对象坚持类型定义转换来完成

//: C06:ComposeFinal.cpp {-edg}
// From "Thinking in C++, Volume 2", by Bruce Eckel & Chuck Allison.
// (c) 1995-2004 MindView, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
// See source code use permissions stated in the file 'License.txt',
// distributed with the code package available at www.MindView.net.
// An adaptable composer.
#include <algorithm>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "NumStringGen.h"
using namespace std;

template<typename F1, typename F2> class unary_composer
: public unary_function<typename F2::argument_type,
                        typename F1::result_type> {
  F1 f1;
  F2 f2;
public:
  unary_composer(F1 f1, F2 f2) : f1(f1), f2(f2) {}
  typename F1::result_type
  operator()(typename F2::argument_type x) {
    return f1(f2(x));
  }
};

template<typename F1, typename F2>
unary_composer<F1, F2> compose(F1 f1, F2 f2) {
  return unary_composer<F1, F2>(f1, f2);
}

int main() {
  const int SZ = 9;
  vector<string> vs(SZ);
  // Fill it with random number strings:
  generate(vs.begin(), vs.end(), NumStringGen());
  copy(vs.begin(), vs.end(),
    ostream_iterator<string>(cout, "\t"));
  cout << endl;
  vector<double> vd;
  transform(vs.begin(), vs.end(), back_inserter(vd),
    compose(ptr_fun(atof), mem_fun_ref(&string::c_str)));
  copy(vd.begin(), vd.end(),
    ostream_iterator<double>(cout, "\t"));
  cout << endl;
  getchar();
} ///:~

输出
67.40   94.88   84.55   87.11   82.76   14.23   52.16   95.76   38.92
67.4    94.88   84.55   87.11   82.76   14.23   52.16   95.76   38.92

再次使用typename来使编译器知道涉及的成员是一个嵌套类型

一些实现将函数对象的组合作为一个扩展来支持