nginx虚拟主机配置

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原创 2023-11-18 15:25:29 259 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

Nginx配置文件全解析【深度剖析细节】 Nginx就是一个高性能的Web服务器和反向代理服务器，它可以处理大量的并发连接，支持高速缓存、负载均衡、SSL/TLS终止、HTTP/2协议等功能，本篇主要讲述nginx的核心配置以及配置分析和优化，能够应用到你企业生产中为目的！为了让这篇文章更有价值，对你印象更深刻，我们在回顾一下nginx的配置：总的来说，nginx就像是一位魔法师，可以为你的网站带来无限的可能性。但是在学习和使用的过程中，也需要耐心和勇气。只有这样，才能把nginx的魔法发挥到极致。阅读详情

一、nginx虚拟主机配置

什么是虚拟主机？ 虚拟主机是一种特殊的软硬件技术，它可以将网络上的每一台计算机分成多个虚拟主机，每个虚拟主机可以独立对外提供www服务，这样就可以实现一台主机对外提供多个web服务，每个虚拟主机之间是独立的，互不影响。

1、基于域名的虚拟主机

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
worker_processes  4;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_rate	2k;
        	}
        }
    
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.1000phone.com;
        location / {
            root   /1000phone/html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}

2、为域名web.1000phone.com的虚拟机，创建index文件

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /1000phone/html
[root@localhost ~]# vim /1000phone/html/index.html
<html>
<p>
this is my 1000phone
</p>
</html>

3、重新加载配置文件

# 如果编译安装的执行
[root@nginx]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
# 如果 yum 安装的执行
[root@nginx]# nginx -s reload

4、客户端配置路由映射

在本地电脑上做域名解析C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts

linux虚拟机可做可不做、 /etc/hosts

10.0.105.199 web.testpm.com
10.0.105.199 web.1000phone.com

5、测试访问

浏览器输入：http://web.testpm.com/

浏览器输入：http://web.1000phone.com/

6、补充：如果配置不能正常访问

问题描述：配置完 nginx 两个虚拟机后，客户端能够访问原始的server ,新增加的 server 虚拟机不能够访问，报错如下页面

解决过程：

6.1、查看报错日志（找到错误日志）

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/log/nginx/error.log
2017/06/15 04:00:57 [error] 6702#0: *14 "/root/html/index.html" is forbidden (13: Permission denied), client: 10.219.24.1, server: web.1000phone.com, request: "GET / HTTP/1.1", host: "web.1000phone.com"

6.2、检查权限

[root@localhost html]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 15 03:59 html
[root@localhost nginx]# ll
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 537 Jun 15 03:59 50x.html
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 616 Jun 15 03:51 index.html
说明：发现目录权限没有问题

6.3、检查nginx启动进程

[root@localhost nginx]# ps -ef | grep nginx
root 2079 1 0 12:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
nobody 2080 2079 0 12:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 2081 2079 0 12:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nobody 2082 2079 0 12:16 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
说明：发现nginx的work process是 nobody 的

6.4、修改 nginx.conf 文件

打开nginx.conf文件所在的目录，查看文件的属性（root root）
[root@nginx]# ll
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Jun 15 04:08 conf
在nginx.conf文件的第一行加上 user root root;
[root@nginx]# cat conf/nginx.conf
user root;

重新reload nginx进程

二、基于ip的虚拟主机

[root@localhost ~]# ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:17:f1:af brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.105.199/24 brd 10.0.105.255 scope global dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 81438sec preferred_lft 81438sec
    inet6 fe80::9d26:f3f0:db9c:c9be/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 10.0.105.201/24
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.105.199  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.105.255
        inet6 fe80::9d26:f3f0:db9c:c9be  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 00:0c:29:17:f1:af  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 9844  bytes 1052722 (1.0 MiB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 5567  bytes 886269 (865.4 KiB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

ens33:1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 10.0.105.201  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 10.0.105.255
        ether 00:0c:29:17:f1:af  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

2.1、配置通过IP区分的虚拟主机

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  root;
worker_processes  4;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    server {
        listen       10.0.105.199:80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_rate	2k;
        }
        
     server {
        listen       10.0.105.201:80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
            root   /1000phone/html/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}

2.2、重新加载配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

2.3、测试访问

浏览器输入：http://10.0.105.199
浏览器输入：http://10.0.105.201

2.4、补充

-- 删除绑定的vip
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:1 10.0.105.201/24 down
重启一下nginx
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart nginx

三、基于端口的虚拟主机

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
user  root;
worker_processes  4;

worker_rlimit_nofile 102400;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';


    sendfile        on;

    keepalive_timeout  65;


    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  web.testpm.com;
        location / {
            root   /var/www/nginx/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            limit_rate	2k;
        }
        
    
     server {
        listen       8080;
        server_name  web.1000phone.com;
        location / {
            root   /1000phone/html/;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        	}
        }
}