AIM Tech Round (Div. 2) C. Graph and String（二分图染色 | 贪心）

题意:

$给定一个N\le 500的无向图, 现要根据图还原一个字符串s_1s_2...s_n, 字符集只有a,b,c$
$若(u,v)有边则abs(s_u-s_v)\le1,无边则abs(s_u-s_v)=2$
$求这个字符串, 无解输出No$

分析:

$考虑无边的情况, 显然(u,v)只能是(a,c)或者(c,a)$
$那么可以考虑把无边的单独拿出来建图, 跑二分图染色, 搞出一个可行解$
$假设a=-1,b=0,c=1,搞出可行解之后还要判断, 原图与此是否矛盾$
$如果有边,col[u]*col[v]<0,即是(a,c), 则是矛盾的$
$如果无边,col[u]*col[v]\ge0,即是(b,b),(a,b),(b,c), 则是矛盾的$
$如果没有矛盾, 则此解可行,按照染色输出即可$
$时间复杂度O(n^2+n+m)$

代码:

//
//  Created by TaoSama on 2016-02-05
//  Copyright (c) 2016 TaoSama. All rights reserved.
//
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:1024000000,1024000000")
#include <algorithm>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <queue>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
#define pr(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << "  "
#define prln(x) cout << #x << " = " << x << endl
const int N = 5e2 + 10, INF = 0x3f3f3f3f, MOD = 1e9 + 7;

int n, m;
int g[N][N], col[N];
char ans[N];
vector<int> G[N];

bool dfs(int u, int c) {
    col[u] = c;
    for(int v : G[u]) {
        if(col[v] == col[u]) return false;
        if(!col[v] && !dfs(v, -c)) return false;
    }
    return true;
}

int main() {
#ifdef LOCAL
    freopen("C:\\Users\\TaoSama\\Desktop\\in.txt", "r", stdin);
//  freopen("C:\\Users\\TaoSama\\Desktop\\out.txt","w",stdout);
#endif
    ios_base::sync_with_stdio(0);

    while(scanf("%d%d", &n, &m) == 2) {
        memset(g, 0, sizeof g);
        for(int i = 1; i <= m; ++i) {
            int u, v; scanf("%d%d", &u, &v);
            g[u][v] = g[v][u] = 1;
        }
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            G[i].clear();
            for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j)
                if(i != j && !g[i][j]) G[i].push_back(j);
        }

        bool yes = true;
        memset(col, 0, sizeof col);
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            if(!col[i] && G[i].size() && !dfs(i, 1)) {
                yes = false;
                break;
            }
        }
//        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) printf("col[%d]=%d\n", i, col[i]);
//        printf("col : %d\n", yes);
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) {
            for(int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) {
                if(i == j) continue;
                if(g[i][j] && col[i] * col[j] < 0) yes = false;
                if(!g[i][j] && col[i] * col[j] >= 0) yes = false;
            }
        }

        if(!yes) {puts("No"); continue;}
        puts("Yes");
        for(int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) putchar("abc"[col[i] + 1]);
        puts("");
    }
    return 0;
}

$Comment里瞅见了一个贪心的解法, 与二分图染色不同的是, 这个先确定b$
$可以发现b应该是与所有边相连的, 即deg[b]=n-1,确定了b之后$
$如果这个点没被确定, 就丢a, 如果有边跟它相连也丢a, 否则丢c$
$丢完之后判断一下与题目的条件是否有矛盾$
$时间复杂度O(n^2)$

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int cnt[555];
bool edge[555][555];
char ans[555];

int main() {
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    for(int i = 0; i < m; ++i) {
        int x, y;
        cin >> x >> y;
        --x, --y;
        edge[x][y] = edge[y][x] = 1;
        cnt[x]++;
        cnt[y]++;
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if(cnt[i] == n - 1)
            ans[i] = 'b';
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        if(!ans[i]) {
            ans[i] = 'a';
            for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
                if(!ans[j]) {
                    if(edge[i][j])
                        ans[j] = 'a';
                    else
                        ans[j] = 'c';
                }
            }
        }
    }
    for(int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        for(int j = 0; j < n; ++j) {
            if(i == j)
                continue;
            if((abs(ans[i] - ans[j]) == 2 && edge[i][j]) || (abs(ans[i] - ans[j]) < 2
                    && !edge[i][j])) {
                cout << "No";
                return 0;
            }
        }
    }
    cout << "Yes\n" << ans << endl;
    return 0;
}