Springboot的Mybatis中的条件构造器

本文深入讲解MyBatis-Plus中核心的条件构造器,重点对比QueryWrapper与LambdaQueryWrapper的使用场景与差异,强调LambdaQueryWrapper在类型安全和重构友好性上的优势;详述常用链式条件方法(如like、between、eq等)、动态条件构建机制(基于布尔判断控制条件注入),并明确其与原生MyBatis的本质区别。内容聚焦于Spring Boot集成下的实际开发流程与最佳实践。

一.条件构造器是做什么的?

先看一个需求:

查询用户表中,姓名为“张三”,年龄大于等于18岁的用户,并按年龄从小到大排序。

直接写SQL:

SELECT *
FROM user
WHERE name = '张三'
  AND age >= 18
ORDER BY age ASC;

使用MyBatis-Plus,可以用java代码描述这些条件:

LambdaQueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();

wrapper.eq(User::getName, "张三")
       .ge(User::getAge, 18)
       .orderByAsc(User::getAge);

List<User> users = userMapper.selectList(wrapper);

对应关系:

Java写法SQL含义
eq(User::getName, "张三")name = '张三'
ge(User::getAge, 18)age >= 18
orderByAsc(User::getAge)ORDER BY age ASC

核心理解:条件构造器负责描述条件,Mapper方法负责执行数据操作。

// 只是构造条件,还没有查询数据库
wrapper.eq(User::getName, "张三");

// 调用 Mapper,才真正查询数据库
List<User> users = userMapper.selectList(wrapper);

上面的SQL是为了方便理解;实际执行时,普通条件中的值通常通过参数绑定传入。

二.MyBatis和MyBatis-Plus要分清

  • Spring Boot:负责应用配置、组件管理等。
  • MyBatis:持久层框架,支持通过 XML、注解等方式编写 SQL。
  • MyBatis-Plus:在 MyBatis 的基础上提供增强功能,例如通用 CRUD、条件构造器。

因此,你现在学的 QueryWrapper,准确地说属于 MyBatis-Plus。

通常 Mapper 会这样定义:

@Mapper
public interface UserMapper extends BaseMapper<User> {
}

继承 BaseMapper<User> 后,就可以使用它提供的方法:

userMapper.selectList(wrapper); // 根据条件查询列表
userMapper.selectCount(wrapper); // 根据条件统计数量
userMapper.delete(wrapper);     // 根据条件删除

注意:同一个条件可以用于不同操作,最终做什么取决于你调用的方法。 不要把查询条件构造器误认为只能用于查询。

三.最常见的四种条件构造器

类型主要用途字段写法
QueryWrapper<User>查询条件、排序、查询字段等"name"
LambdaQueryWrapper<User>查询条件的 Lambda 写法User::getName
UpdateWrapper<User>更新条件及更新字段"name"
LambdaUpdateWrapper<User>更新条件及字段的 Lambda 写法User::getName

1. QueryWrapper:使用数据库列名

QueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();

wrapper.eq("name", "张三")
       .ge("age", 18);

这里的 "name" 和 "age" 是数据库列名。

如果实体属性是 userName,数据库列名是 user_name,一般应写:

wrapper.eq("user_name", "张三");

2. LambdaQueryWrapper:使用实体的 getter

LambdaQueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();

wrapper.eq(User::getName, "张三")
       .ge(User::getAge, 18);

User::getName 是方法引用,MyBatis-Plus 会根据实体映射信息解析出对应的数据库列。

它不是“现在调用 getter 获取某个用户的姓名”,而是在这里标识要操作哪个属性对应的列。

学习和日常开发时,建议优先使用 LambdaQueryWrapper:字段更容易检查,也方便重构。

四、先掌握这些常用方法

方法含义SQL 示例
eq等于age = 18
ne不等于age <> 18
gt大于age > 18
ge大于等于age >= 18
lt小于age < 18
le小于等于age <= 18
like包含某段文字name LIKE '%张%'
between在某个范围内,包含两端age BETWEEN 18 AND 30
in属于给定值集合status IN (1, 2)
isNull是 NULLemail IS NULL
orderByAsc升序排序ORDER BY age ASC
orderByDesc降序排序ORDER BY age DESC
LambdaQueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();

wrapper.like(User::getName, "张")
       .between(User::getAge, 18, 30)
       .eq(User::getStatus, 1)
       .orderByDesc(User::getAge);

List<User> users = userMapper.selectList(wrapper);

含义是:

查询姓名包含“张”、年龄在 18~30 岁之间、状态为 1 的用户,按年龄从大到小排序。

连续添加的普通条件,默认用 AND 连接。

这些方法返回当前构造器,因此可以连续调用,也就是“链式调用”。

五、特别重要:动态条件

实际项目里,用户可能只输入姓名,也可能只输入年龄,还可能什么都不输入。

String name = null;
Integer minAge = 18;

我们希望:

  • 姓名有内容,才添加姓名条件。
  • 最小年龄不为 null,才添加年龄条件。

可以这样写:

LambdaQueryWrapper<User> wrapper = new LambdaQueryWrapper<>();

wrapper.like(
           StringUtils.hasText(name),
           User::getName,
           name
       )
       .ge(
           minAge != null,
           User::getAge,
           minAge
       );

List<User> users = userMapper.selectList(wrapper);

这里使用的是 Spring 的工具类:

import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;

重点看这个结构:

eq(boolean condition, 字段, 值)

第一个参数决定:是否把这一条条件加进去。

wrapper.eq(true, User::getStatus, 1);  // 添加条件
wrapper.eq(false, User::getStatus, 1); // 不添加条件

所以前面的示例只会添加:

WHERE age >= 18

不会添加姓名条件。

注意:不要认为传入 null 就一定自动忽略条件。 判断数据库字段是不是 NULL,应使用 isNull();决定是否添加查询条件,应使用布尔参数或 if。

六、现在先记住这条流程

创建构造器
    ↓
添加条件、排序等
    ↓
把构造器传给 Mapper 方法
    ↓
MyBatis-Plus 生成并执行 SQL
    ↓
获取结果

深度学习工具包Deprecation notice.-----This toolbox is outdated and no longer maintained.There are much better tools available for deep learning than this toolbox, e.g. [Theano](http://deeplearning.net/software/theano/), [torch](http://torch.ch/) or [tensorflow](http://www.tensorflow.org/)I would suggest you use one of the tools mentioned above rather than use this toolbox.Best, Rasmus.DeepLearnToolbox================A Matlab toolbox for Deep Learning.Deep Learning is a new subfield of machine learning that focuses on learning deep hierarchical models of data.It is inspired by the human brain's apparent deep (layered, hierarchical) architecture.A good overview of the theory of Deep Learning theory is[Learning Deep Architectures for AI](http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~bengioy/papers/ftml_book.pdf)For a more informal introduction, see the following videos by Geoffrey Hinton and Andrew Ng.* [The Next Generation of Neural Networks](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AyzOUbkUf3M) (Hinton, 2007)* [Recent Developments in Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VdIURAu1-aU) (Hinton, 2010)* [Unsupervised Feature Learning and Deep Learning](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZmNOAtZIgIk) (Ng, 2011)If you use this toolbox in your research please cite [Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data](http://www2.imm.dtu.dk/pubdb/views/publication_details.php?id=6284)```@MASTERSTHESIS\{IMM2012-06284, author = "R. B. Palm", title = "Prediction as a candidate for learning deep hierarchical models of data", year = "2012",}```Contact: rasmusbergpalm at gmail dot comDirectories included in the toolbox-----------------------------------`NN/` - A library for Feedforward Backpropagation Neural Networks`CNN/` - A library for Convolutional Neural Networks`DBN/` - A library for Deep Belief Networks`SAE/` - A library for Stacked Auto-Encoders`CAE/` - A library for Convolutional Auto-Encoders`util/` - Utility functions used by the libraries`data/` - Data used by the examples`tests/` - unit tests to verify toolbox is workingFor references on each library check REFS.mdSetup-----1. Download.2. addpath(genpath('DeepLearnToolbox'));Example: Deep Belief Network---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_DBNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit RBM and visualize its weightsrand('state',0)dbn.sizes = [100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);figure; visualize(dbn.rbm{1}.W'); % Visualize the RBM weights%% ex2 train a 100-100 hidden unit DBN and use its weights to initialize a NNrand('state',0)%train dbndbn.sizes = [100 100];opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;opts.momentum = 0;opts.alpha = 1;dbn = dbnsetup(dbn, train_x, opts);dbn = dbntrain(dbn, train_x, opts);%unfold dbn to nnnn = dbnunfoldtonn(dbn, 10);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';%train nnopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.10, 'Too big error');```Example: Stacked Auto-Encoders---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_SAEload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x)/255;test_x = double(test_x)/255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);%% ex1 train a 100 hidden unit SDAE and use it to initialize a FFNN% Setup and train a stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE)rand('state',0)sae = saesetup([784 100]);sae.ae{1}.activation_function = 'sigm';sae.ae{1}.learningRate = 1;sae.ae{1}.inputZeroMaskedFraction = 0.5;opts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;sae = saetrain(sae, train_x, opts);visualize(sae.ae{1}.W{1}(:,2:end)')% Use the SDAE to initialize a FFNNnn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm';nn.learningRate = 1;nn.W{1} = sae.ae{1}.W{1};% Train the FFNNopts.numepochs = 1;opts.batchsize = 100;nn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.16, 'Too big error');```Example: Convolutional Neural Nets---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_CNNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(reshape(train_x',28,28,60000))/255;test_x = double(reshape(test_x',28,28,10000))/255;train_y = double(train_y');test_y = double(test_y');%% ex1 Train a 6c-2s-12c-2s Convolutional neural network %will run 1 epoch in about 200 second and get around 11% error. %With 100 epochs you'll get around 1.2% errorrand('state',0)cnn.layers = { struct('type', 'i') %input layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 6, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %sub sampling layer struct('type', 'c', 'outputmaps', 12, 'kernelsize', 5) %convolution layer struct('type', 's', 'scale', 2) %subsampling layer};cnn = cnnsetup(cnn, train_x, train_y);opts.alpha = 1;opts.batchsize = 50;opts.numepochs = 1;cnn = cnntrain(cnn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = cnntest(cnn, test_x, test_y);%plot mean squared errorfigure; plot(cnn.rL);assert(er<0.12, 'Too big error');```Example: Neural Networks---------------------```matlabfunction test_example_NNload mnist_uint8;train_x = double(train_x) / 255;test_x = double(test_x) / 255;train_y = double(train_y);test_y = double(test_y);% normalize[train_x, mu, sigma] = zscore(train_x);test_x = normalize(test_x, mu, sigma);%% ex1 vanilla neural netrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samples[nn, L] = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.08, 'Too big error');%% ex2 neural net with L2 weight decayrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.weightPenaltyL2 = 1e-4; % L2 weight decayopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex3 neural net with dropoutrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.dropoutFraction = 0.5; % Dropout fraction opts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex4 neural net with sigmoid activation functionrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 100 10]);nn.activation_function = 'sigm'; % Sigmoid activation functionnn.learningRate = 1; % Sigm require a lower learning rateopts.numepochs = 1; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 100; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex5 plotting functionalityrand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]);opts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through datann.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, train_x, train_y, opts);[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');%% ex6 neural net with sigmoid activation and plotting of validation and training error% split training data into training and validation datavx = train_x(1:10000,:);tx = train_x(10001:end,:);vy = train_y(1:10000,:);ty = train_y(10001:end,:);rand('state',0)nn = nnsetup([784 20 10]); nn.output = 'softmax'; % use softmax outputopts.numepochs = 5; % Number of full sweeps through dataopts.batchsize = 1000; % Take a mean gradient step over this many samplesopts.plot = 1; % enable plottingnn = nntrain(nn, tx, ty, opts, vx, vy); % nntrain takes validation set as last two arguments (optionally)[er, bad] = nntest(nn, test_x, test_y);assert(er < 0.1, 'Too big error');```[![Bitdeli Badge](https://d2weczhvl823v0.cloudfront.net/rasmusbergpalm/deeplearntoolbox/trend.png)](https://bitdeli.com/free "Bitdeli Badge")
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