黑马程序员23——OC之内存管理（set方法的内存管理）

最新推荐文章于 2014-09-03 22:55:46 发布

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黑马

本文介绍了一个使用Objective-C编写的简单程序实例，展示了不同对象之间的内存管理规则，包括对象的引用计数、释放和保留操作。文章通过具体的代码示例解释了如何避免内存泄漏等问题。

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Car : NSObject
{
int _speed;
}

- (void)setSpeed:(int)speed;
- (int)speed;

@end

#import "Car.h"

@implementation Car
- (void)setSpeed:(int)speed
{
_speed = speed;
}
- (int)speed
{
return _speed;
}

- (void)dealloc
{

[super dealloc];
}

@end

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>

@interface Dog : NSObject

@end

#import "Dog.h"

@implementation Dog

@end

@interface Person : NSObject
{
Car *_car;
int _age;
}

- (void)setAge:(int)age;
- (int)age;

- (void)setCar:(Car *)car;
- (Car *)car;

@end

#import "Person.h"

@implementation Person
- (void)setCar:(Car *)car
{
if (car != _car)
{
[_car release];
_car = [car retain];
}
}
- (Car *)car
{
return _car;
}

- (void)setAge:(int)age
{ // 基本数据类型不需要管理内存
_age = age;
}
- (int)age
{
return _age;
}

- (void)dealloc
{
[_car release];

[super dealloc];
}

@end

@interface Student : NSObject
{
int _no;
NSString *_name;
Car *_car;
Dog *_dog;
}

- (void)setNo:(int)no;
- (int)no;

- (void)setName:(NSString *)name;
- (NSString *)name;

- (void)setCar:(Car *)car;
- (Car *)car;

- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog;
- (Dog *)dog;

@end

@implementation Student
- (void)setNo:(int)no
{
_no = no;
}
- (int)no
{
return _no;
}

- (void)setName:(NSString *)name
{
if ( name != _name )
{
[_name release];
_name = [name retain];
}
}

- (NSString *)name
{
return _name;
}

- (void)setCar:(Car *)car
{
if ( car != _car )
{
[_car release];
_car = [car retain];
}
}
- (Car *)car
{
return _car;
}

- (void)setDog:(Dog *)dog
{
if ( dog != _dog )
{
[_dog release];
_dog = [dog retain];
}
}
- (Dog *)dog
{
return _dog;
}

- (void)dealloc
{
[_name release];
[_car release];
[_dog release];

[super dealloc];
}
@end

/*
内存管理代码规范：
1.只要调用了alloc，必须有release（autorelease）
对象不是通过alloc产生的，就不需要release

2.set方法的代码规范
1> 基本数据类型：直接复制
- (void)setAge:(int)age
{
_age = age;
}

2> OC对象类型
- (void)setCar:(Car *)car
{
// 1.先判断是不是新传进来对象
if ( car != _car )
{
// 2.对旧对象做一次release
[_car release];

// 3.对新对象做一次retain
_car = [car retain];
}
}

3.dealloc方法的代码规范
1> 一定要[super dealloc]，而且放到最后面
2> 对self（当前）所拥有的其他对象做一次release
- (void)dealloc
{
[_car release];
[super dealloc];
}
*/

int main()
{

Student *stu = [[Student alloc] init];

[stu release];


// 这行内存有内存泄露
// [[Car alloc] init].speed = 100;

return 0;
}

void test()
{
// p-1
Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
p.age = 20;

// c1-1
Car *c1 = [[Car alloc] init];
c1.speed = 250;

// p想拥有c1
// c1-2
p.car = c1; // [p setCar:c1];

// c2-1
Car *c2 = [[Car alloc] init];
c2.speed = 300;

// p将车换成了c2
// c1-1
// c2-2
p.car = c2;

// c2-1
[c2 release];
// c1-0
[c1 release];
// p-0 c2-0
[p release];
}
void test()
{
// p-1
Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
p.age = 20;

// c1-1
Car *c1 = [[Car alloc] init];
c1.speed = 250;

// p想拥有c1
// c1-2
p.car = c1; // [p setCar:c1];

// c2-1
Car *c2 = [[Car alloc] init];
c2.speed = 300;

// p将车换成了c2
// c1-1
// c2-2
p.car = c2;

// c2-1
[c2 release];
// c1-0
[c1 release];
// p-0 c2-0
[p release];
}
void test1()
{
// p-1
Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
p.age = 20;

// c1-1
Car *c1 = [[Car alloc] init];
c1.speed = 250;

// c1-2
p.car = c1;

// c1-1
[c1 release];


p.car = c1;
p.car = c1;
p.car = c1;
p.car = c1;
p.car = c1;
p.car = c1;
p.car = c1;

[p release];
}

void test()
{
// p-1
Person *p = [[Person alloc] init];
p.age = 20;

// c1-1
Car *c1 = [[Car alloc] init];
c1.speed = 250;

// p想拥有c1
// c1-2
p.car = c1; // [p setCar:c1];

// c2-1
Car *c2 = [[Car alloc] init];
c2.speed = 300;

// p将车换成了c2
// c1-1
// c2-2
p.car = c2;

// c2-1
[c2 release];
// c1-0
[c1 release];
// p-0 c2-0
[p release];
}