Selenium应用系列1

原创于 2020-10-27 16:59:04 发布 · 483 阅读

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本文介绍Selenium自动化测试工具的应用背景及组成，详细讲解了Selenium环境的搭建过程，包括Java环境准备、SeleniumHub和Node的搭建配置。此外，还提供了Python脚本示例，演示如何通过Selenium实现APP在腾讯应用平台的自动化发布。

Selenium应用

一. Selenium背景与概念
二. Selenium组成
三. Selenium搭建

一. Selenium背景与概念

Selenium是一个Web应用程序测试工具。Selenium测试直接运行在浏览器中，支持.Net、Java、Perl、Python等不同语言的测试脚本。

因为各大应用平台没有对应的服务发布接口，sdk也没有覆盖相应的功能，所以此处转换了一种思路，使用Selenium操作各应用平台的web页面间接实现app发布的功能。各大应用商像 “360开放平台”,“腾讯应用宝”,“VIVO应用商店”,“OPPO软件商店”,“百度开放平台”,“小米”,“华为”,“魅族”,"阿里应用分发开放平台"等，此处以腾讯应用平台为示例，实现app发布功能

二. Selenium组成

Selenium Hub ：也叫做 Selenium Server，用来接收服务请求，并将收到的请求转发给相应的node执行测试请求。
Selenium Node ：Selenium任务执行的主体，用来接收Server发过来的任务，并调用相应的浏览器执行测试请求。
Python test ：编写任务，并将任务发送给 Selenium Hub。

三. Selenium搭建

1. java环境准备,此处不做详解，Hub/node都需要。

2. Selenium Hub搭建

下载 selenium-server-standalone jar 包：/data/sel/selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar

准备 selenium配置文件 /data/sel/config.json

{
"host": null,
"port": 4444,
"prioritizer": null,
"capabilityMatcher": "org.openqa.grid.internal.utils.DefaultCapabilityMatcher",
"throwOnCapabilityNotPresent": true,
"newSessionWaitTimeout": -1,
"jettyMaxThreads": -1,
"nodePolling": 5000,
"cleanUpCycle": 5000,
"timeout": 30000,
"browserTimeout": 0,
"maxSession": 5,
"unregisterIfStillDownAfter": 30000
}

启动 Selenium Hub服务

#] java -jar /data/sel/selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar -role hub -hubConfig /data/sel/config.json
Sep 29, 2020 5:07:15 PM org.openqa.grid.selenium.GridLauncher main
INFO: Launching a selenium grid server
2020-09-29 17:07:16.404:INFO:osjs.Server:jetty-7.x.y-SNAPSHOT
2020-09-29 17:07:16.427:INFO:osjsh.ContextHandler:started o.s.j.s.ServletContextHandler{/,null}
2020-09-29 17:07:16.435:INFO:osjs.AbstractConnector:Started SocketConnector@0.0.0.0:4444

有监听端口提示后，代表 Selenium Hub服务端搭建启动完成

3. Selenium Node搭建

下载 selenium-server-standalone jar 包：D:\apps\selenium-server-standalone-2.42.2.jar
安装谷歌浏览器
安装 chromedriver.exe 谷歌浏览器驱动：D:\apps\chromedriver.exe

准备 selenium配置文件 D:\apps\config.json

{
  "capabilities": [
    {
      "browserName": "*googlechrome",
      "maxInstances": 1,
      "seleniumProtocol": "Selenium"
    },
    {
      "browserName": "chrome",
      "maxInstances": 1,
      "seleniumProtocol": "WebDriver"
    }
  ],
  "configuration": {
    "proxy": "org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.DefaultRemoteProxy",
    "maxSession": 1,
    "port": 5555,
    "register": true,
    "registerCycle": 5000
  }
}

打开cmd，启动 Selenium Node服务

java -Dwebdriver.chrome.driver=D:\apps\chromedriver.exe -jar D:\apps\selenium-server-tandalone-2.42.2.jar -nole node -host 本机地址 -hub http://HUB地址:4444/grid/register -nodeConfig D:\apps\config.json
9月 29, 2020 5:14:34 下午 org.openqa.grid.selenium.GridLauncher main
信息: Launching a selenium grid node
17:14:35.101 INFO - Java: Oracle Corporation 15+36-1562
17:14:35.101 INFO - OS: Windows 10 10.0 amd64
17:14:35.105 INFO - v2.42.2, with Core v2.42.2. Built from revision 6a6995d
17:14:35.144 INFO - RemoteWebDriver instances should connect to: http://127.0.0.1:5555/wd/hub
17:14:35.145 INFO - Version Jetty/5.1.x
17:14:35.145 INFO - Started HttpContext[/selenium-server,/selenium-server]
17:14:35.175 INFO - Started org.openqa.jetty.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler@71c3b41
17:14:35.175 INFO - Started HttpContext[/wd,/wd]
17:14:35.176 INFO - Started HttpContext[/selenium-server/driver,/selenium-server/driver]
17:14:35.176 INFO - Started HttpContext[/,/]
17:14:35.177 INFO - Started SocketListener on 0.0.0.0:5555
17:14:35.177 INFO - Started org.openqa.jetty.jetty.Server@3ce1e309
17:14:35.178 INFO - using the json request : {"capabilities":[{"seleniumProtocol":"Selenium","browserName":"*googlechrome","maxInstances":1,"platform":"XP"},{"seleniumProtocol":"WebDriver","browserName":"chrome","maxInstances":1,"platform":"XP"}],"configuration":{"role":"node","remoteHost":"http://192.168.89.1:5555","hubHost":"192.168.89.133","hubPort":4444,"nodeConfig":"D:\\apps\\config.json","url":"http://192.168.89.1:5555","proxy":"org.openqa.grid.selenium.proxy.DefaultRemoteProxy","hub":"http://192.168.89.133:4444/grid/register","port":5555,"host":"192.168.89.1","maxSession":1,"registerCycle":5000,"register":true},"class":"org.openqa.grid.common.RegistrationRequest"}
17:14:35.178 INFO - Starting auto register thread. Will try to register every 5000 ms.
17:14:35.178 INFO - Registering the node to hub :http://hub地址:4444/grid/register

有这样的提示，代表Selenium node启动成功。

注意：node与hub直接网络互通，如果无法访问，则不能连接

4. Python 任务编写运行

安装selenium
```
#] pip3 install selenium
```

编写python脚本 qqplatform.py

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
import time

class QQPlatform():
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = "https://open.qq.com/login"
        self.username = "username"
        self.password = "password"
        self.hub = 'hub地址'
        self.browser = webdriver.Remote(
            command_executor='http://%s:4444/wd/hub'%(self.hub),
            desired_capabilities=DesiredCapabilities.CHROME)
        self.browser.maximize_window()

    def login(self):
        print("开始登录")
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.browser.implicitly_wait(30)
        self.browser.switch_to.frame('login_frame')
        self.browser.find_element_by_id("switcher_plogin").click()
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.browser.find_element_by_id("u").send_keys(self.username)
        self.browser.find_element_by_id("p").send_keys(self.password)
        time.sleep(0.2)
        self.browser.find_element_by_id("login_button").click()
        WebDriverWait(self.browser,15).until(lambda the_driver: the_driver.find_element_by_id('_leftSidebar').is_displayed())
        print("登录成功")

    def upload(self,apk):
        # 新功能
        print("开始上传")
        apkName=apk.split('/')[-1]
        handle = self.browser.current_window_handle
        self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('cover').click()
        self.browser.find_element_by_partial_link_text('更新安装包').click()
        print(self.browser.current_url)
        handles=self.browser.window_handles
        for newhandle in handles:
            if newhandle != handle:
                self.browser.switch_to.window(newhandle)
        print(self.browser.current_url)
        try:
            self.browser.find_element_by_class_name("webuploader-element-invisible").send_keys(apk)
            self.browser.implicitly_wait(20)
        except:
            print("软件包上传失败")
            exit(2)
        # 下一步: 待优化
        time.sleep(30)
        # verifyTextPresent(pattern):校验当前页面是否出现该文字
        # WebDriverWait(self.browser, 30).until(
        #     lambda the_driver: the_driver.find_element(By.XPATH, '//p[text()="%s")]'%(apkName)).is_displayed())
        print("软件包上传成功")

    def submit(self,isTest):
        print("开始发布")
        self.browser.find_element_by_id('j-submit-btn').click()
        time.sleep(3)
        if isTest:
            # 测试打开
            self.browser.find_element_by_class_name('j-confirm-no').click()
        else:
            # 正式使用打开
            self.browser.find_element_by_id('j-confirm-yes').click()
        time.sleep(1)
        print("软件包已发布")

    def close(self):
        time.sleep(2)
        print("退出浏览器")
        time.sleep(2)
        self.browser.quit()
        print("应用发布结束")

if __name__ == '__main__':
    apk="/data/apks/_V_2.0.7_300_2020-09-27.apk"
    isTest=True
    qq = QQPlatform()
    qq.login()
    qq.upload(apk=apk)
    qq.submit(isTest=isTest)
    qq.close()