qemu虚拟化-pci设备模拟

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VIP免费原创最新推荐文章于 2026-07-08 09:31:25 发布 3.2k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

QEMU pcie config空间访问机制而pci_host_conf/data_le_ops的定义是在hw/pci/pci-host.c里，对于0xCF8端口的处理，因为是地址选通，所以只需要在write的时候记录、read的时候返回记录的值即可。而pci_host_config_write/read_common接口，在前256Bconfig空间的模拟中，也同样是会调用这个接口，所以后续的处理都是一样的。这是真实的硬件设计，而对于QEMU+KVM的虚机场景，显然是要基于硬件实现和虚拟化的需求设计虚机访问config空间的完整流程。阅读详情

pci设备算是学习qemu必须要掌握的一类设备的模拟，单独提出来说一下。这里以qemu的pci教学程序为基础讲解，源码路径：hw/misc/edu.c

1.设备的定义

typedef struct {
   
   
    PCIDevice pdev;
    MemoryRegion mmio;

    QemuThread thread;
    QemuMutex thr_mutex;
    QemuCond thr_cond;
    bool stopping;

    uint32_t addr4;
    uint32_t fact;
#define EDU_STATUS_COMPUTING    0x01
#define EDU_STATUS_IRQFACT      0x80
    uint32_t status;

    uint32_t irq_status;

#define EDU_DMA_RUN             0x1
#define EDU_DMA_DIR(cmd)        (((cmd) & 0x2) >> 1)
# define EDU_DMA_FROM_PCI       0
# define EDU_DMA_TO_PCI         1
#define EDU_DMA_IRQ             0x4
    struct dma_state {
   
   
        dma_addr_t src;
        dma_addr_t dst;
        dma_addr_t cnt;
        dma_addr_t cmd;
    } dma;
    QEMUTimer dma_timer;
    char dma_buf[DMA_SIZE];
    uint64_t dma_mask;
} EduState;

这个设备有一个dma，继承自PCIDevice，初始化过后是PCIDeviceClass类型，来看一下PCIDeviceClass

typedef struct PCIDeviceClass {
   
   
    DeviceClass parent_class;

    void (*realize)(PCIDevice *dev, Error **errp);
    PCIUnregisterFunc *exit;
    PCIConfigReadFunc *config_read;
    PCIConfigWriteFunc *config_write;

    uint16_t vendor_id;
    uint16_t device_id;
    uint8_t revision;
    uint16_t class_id;
    uint16_t subsystem_vendor_id;       /* only for header type = 0 */
    uint16_t subsystem_id;              /* only for header type = 0 */

    /*
     * pci-to-pci bridge or normal device.
     * This doesn't mean pci host switch.
     * When card bus bridge is supported, this would be enhanced.
     */
    int is_bridge;

    /* rom bar */
    const char *romfile;
} PCIDeviceClass;

主要关注config_read、config_write、vendor_id、device_id、revision、class_id
config_read、config_write两个函数不需要我们自己去实现，pci框架里面已经实现好了。框架会模拟好config的读写。

2.类的初始化



static void edu_class_init(ObjectClass *class, void *data)
{
   
   
    PCIDeviceClass *k = PCI_DEVICE_CLASS(class);

    k->realize = pci_edu_realize;
    k->exit = pci_edu_uninit;
    k->vendor_id = PCI_VENDOR_ID_QEMU;
    k->device_id = 0x11e8;
    k->revision = 0x10;
    k->class_id = PCI_CLASS_OTHERS;
}

static void pci_edu_register_types(void)
{
   
   
    static InterfaceInfo interfaces[] = {
   
   
        {
   
    INTERFACE_CONVENTIONAL_PCI_DEVICE },
        {
   
    },
    };
    static const TypeInfo edu_info = {
   
   
        .name          = TYPE_PCI_EDU_DEVICE,
        .parent        = TYPE_PCI_DEVICE,
        .instance_size = sizeof(EduState),
        .instance_init = edu_instance_init,
        .class_init    = edu_class_init,
        .interfaces = interfaces,
    };

    type_register_static(&edu_info