从零开始的嵌入式学习day31

最新推荐文章于 2026-07-28 16:40:09 发布

原创最新推荐文章于 2026-07-28 16:40:09 发布 · 682 阅读

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GEO检测

（1）framebuf帧缓冲：linux提供的显示设备驱动的接口。

设备路径：设备/dev/fb0

* 分辨率：像素点是w * h。
每个像素点色深 RGB：0-255 红绿蓝各3字节（byte）即可描述色深。
访问的显存默认左上角为坐标原点。

* xres yres真实分辨率
xres_vitrual虚拟分辨率：

一般可访问显存小一些，即虚拟分辨率，真实分辨率就是打开设置查看得到的分辨率。

* 每个像素点色深RGB用三字节描述，即3*8bit，用十六进制就是0x00rrggbb,具体颜色对应16进制可以搜索w3cschool，在里面的htmlyanse查看。

* 文件解压：tar -xvf 压缩包.tar.xz

* ctrl alt f3文字终端，没有图形界面。
ctrl alt f1图形界面，伪终端即图形界面打开的终端。
ctrl alt鼠标出现
直接操作硬件运行时sudo ./out

* 简单的操作像素点，比如画直线等，可以通过简单的循环控制xy坐标就能实现，但汉字图像等需要的像素点坐标就比较复杂了。

* 文字可以通过字模工具获取要操作的像素点坐标数组，也可以通过字库进行操作，最原始的图像是位图，文件信息中前54字节是头信息，包含图像的大小等参数，剩下的就是连续了BGRBGR像素点数据，我们可以循环取三字节，再倒序就得到RGB参数了，然后输出。

（2）利用帧缓存点亮第一个点。

* 步骤：open打开设备-》ioctl获取屏幕信息-》mmap映射：获得显存 -》draw根据坐标操作像素点 -》unmap显存回收

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <math.h>

// 颜色定义
#define RGB888_FMT 32
#define RGB565_FMT 16
#define WHITE 0x00FFFFFF
#define BLACK 0x00000000
#define RED 0x00FF0000
#define GREEN 0x0000FF00
#define BLUE 0x000000FF
#define YELLOW 0x00FFFF00
#define PURPLE 0x00FF00FF
#define CYAN 0x0000FFFF

// 全局变量
struct fb_var_screeninfo vinf;
void *pmem = NULL;

// 函数声明

#ifndef __FRAMEBUFFER_H__
#define __FRAMEBUFFER_H__

#include "utf.h"

#define RGB888_FMT 32
#define RGB565_FMT 16

extern int init_fb(char *devname);
extern void draw_point(int x,int y, unsigned int col);
extern void uninit_fb(int fd);
extern void draw_clear(unsigned int col);

extern void draw_h_line(int x, int y, int len, unsigned int col);
extern void draw_s_line(int x, int y, int len, unsigned int col);
extern void draw_rectangle(int x, int y, int w, int h, unsigned int col);
extern void draw_x_line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, unsigned int col);
extern void draw_circle(int x0, int y0, int r, unsigned int col);
extern void draw_bmp(int x, int y, char *picname, int w, int h);
extern void draw_word(int x, int y, unsigned char *word, int w, int h, unsigned int col);
extern int draw_utf8(UTF8_INFO *info, int x, int y, char* zi, unsigned int col, unsigned int col1);
extern int draw_utf8_str(UTF8_INFO *info, int arg_x, int arg_y, char* zi, unsigned int col, unsigned int col1);

#endif

#include "framebuffer.h"
#include <linux/fb.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
 
void *pmem;
struct fb_var_screeninfo vinf;
 
int init_fb(char *devname)
{
	//1. 打开显示设备
	int fd = open(devname, O_RDWR);	
	if (-1 == fd)
	{
		perror("fail open fb");
		return -1;
	}
	
	//2、获取显示设备相关参数 分辨率 位深度
	int ret = ioctl(fd, FBIOGET_VSCREENINFO, &vinf);
	if (-1 ==ret)
	{
		perror("fail ioctl");
		return -1;
	}
	
	printf("xres = %d, yres = %d\n", vinf.xres, vinf.yres);
	printf("xres_virtual = %d, yres_virtual = %d\n", vinf.xres_virtual, vinf.yres_virtual);
	printf("bits_per_pixel : %d\n", vinf.bits_per_pixel);
 
	size_t len = vinf.xres_virtual * vinf.yres_virtual * vinf.bits_per_pixel/8;
	//3, 建立显存和用户空间的映射关系
	pmem = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
	if ((void *)-1 == pmem)
	{
		perror("fail mmap");
		return -1;
	}
	
 
	return fd;
}
 
void draw_point(int x, int y, unsigned int col)
{
	if (x >= vinf.xres || y >= vinf.yres)
	{
		return ;
	}
	if (vinf.bits_per_pixel == RGB888_FMT)
	{
		unsigned int *p = pmem;
		*(p + y * vinf.xres_virtual + x) = col;
	}
	else if (vinf.bits_per_pixel == RGB565_FMT)
	{
		unsigned short *p  = pmem;	
		*(p + y * vinf.xres_virtual + x) = col;
	}
	return ;
}
 
void uninit_fb(int fd)
{
 
	size_t len = vinf.xres_virtual * vinf.yres_virtual * vinf.bits_per_pixel/8;
	munmap(pmem, len);
	close(fd);
}
 
 
void draw_clear(unsigned int col)
{
	for (int j = 0; j < vinf.xres; j++)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < vinf.yres; i++)
		{
			draw_point(i, j, col);
		}
	}
}
 
void draw_h_line(int x, int y, int len, unsigned int col)
{
	for (int i = x; i < x+len; i++)
	{
		draw_point(i, y, col);
	}
}
void draw_s_line(int x, int y, int len, unsigned int col)
{
	for (int i = y; i < y+len; i++)
	{
		draw_point(x, i, col);
	}
}
 
void draw_rectangle(int x, int y, int w, int h, unsigned int col)
{
	draw_h_line(x, y, w, col);
	draw_s_line(x, y, h, col);
	draw_s_line(x+w, y, h, col);
	draw_h_line(x, y+h, w, col);
}
 
void draw_x_line(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, unsigned int col)
{
	
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;
 
	if (x1 == x2)
	{
		if (y2 > y1)
		{
			draw_s_line(x1, y1, y2-y1, col);
		}
		else
		{
			draw_s_line(x2, y2, y1-y2, col);		
		}
	}
 
	double k = (double)(y2-y1)/(double)(x2-x1);
	double b = y1 - k*x1;
   
 
	for (int x = (x1 > x2 ? x2 : x1); x <= (x1 > x2 ? x1 : x2); x++)
	{
		y = x * k + b;
		draw_point(x, y, col);
	}
	
	return ;
}
 
 
void draw_circle(int x0, int y0, int r, unsigned int col)
{
	int x = 0;
	int y = 0;
	for (double si = 0; si <= 360; si+=0.01)
	{
		x = r * cos(2 * 3.14159/360 *si) + x0;
		y = r * sin(2 * 3.14159/360 *si) + y0;
		draw_point(x, y, col);
		draw_point(x-1, y, col);
		draw_point(x+1, y, col);
		draw_point(x, y-1, col);
		draw_point(x, y+1, col);
	}
	
}
 
 
void draw_bmp(int x, int y, char *picname, int w, int h)
{
	int fd = open(picname, O_RDONLY);
	if (-1 == fd)
	{
		perror("fail open bmp");
		return ;
	}
	
	lseek(fd, 54, SEEK_SET);
 
	unsigned char r, g, b;
 
	unsigned char *buff = malloc(w*h*3);
	read(fd, buff, w*h*3);
	
	unsigned char *p = buff;
	for (int j = h-1; j >= 0; j--)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < w; i++)
		{
 
			b = *p; p++;
			g = *p; p++;
			r = *p; p++;
			if (vinf.bits_per_pixel == RGB888_FMT)
			{
				unsigned int col = (r << 16) | (g << 8) | (b << 0);
				draw_point(i+x, j+y, col);
			}
			else if (vinf.bits_per_pixel == RGB565_FMT)
			{
				unsigned short col = ((r >> 3) << 11) | ((g >> 2) << 5) | ((b >> 3) << 0);
				draw_point(i+x, j+y, col);
			}
		}
	}
 
	free(buff);
	close(fd);
}
 
 
 
 
void draw_word(int x, int y, unsigned char *word, int w, int h, unsigned int col)
{
 
	for (int j = 0; j < h; j++)
	{
		for (int i = 0; i < w; i++)
		{
			unsigned char tmp = word[i+j*w];
			for (int k = 0; k < 8; k++)
			{
				if (tmp & 0x80)
				{
					draw_point(i*8+k+x, j+y, col);
				}
				else
				{
					//文字的背景色
				}
				tmp = tmp << 1;
			}
		}
	}
}
 
int draw_utf8(UTF8_INFO *info, int x, int y, char* zi, unsigned int col, unsigned int col1)
{
    unsigned long  out = 0 ;
    int ret = enc_utf8_to_unicode_one((unsigned char*)zi,&out);
 
    unsigned char* data = get_utf_data(info,out);
    unsigned char temp = 0 ;
    unsigned int i,j,k;
    unsigned int num = 0;
    for(i=0;i<info->height;i++)
    {
        for(j=0;j<info->width/8;j++)
        {
            temp = data[num++];
            for(k=0;k<8;k++)
            {
                if(0x80&temp)
                {
                    draw_point( x+k+j*8, y+i, col);
                }
                else
                {
 
                 //   draw_point( x+k+j*8, y+i, col1);
                }
                temp= temp<<1;
            }
        }
 
    }
    return ret;
}
 
 
int draw_utf8_str(UTF8_INFO *info, int arg_x, int arg_y,  char* zi, unsigned int col, unsigned int col1)
{
    char* temp = zi;
    unsigned int x = arg_x ;
    unsigned int y =  arg_y;
 
    while(*temp != '\0')
    {
        int ret = draw_utf8(info, x, y, temp, col, col1);
        x += info->width;
        if(x > vinf.xres)
        {
            x = 0;
            y += info->height;
            if(y > vinf.yres)
            {
                y = 0;
            }
        }
 
        temp += ret;
    }
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include "framebuffer.h"
 
 
// unsigned char pu[29*32/8] = {
// /*--  文字:  普  --*/
 
// /*--  幼圆22;  此字体下对应的点阵为：宽x高=31x29   --*/
// /*--  宽度不是8的倍数，现调整为：宽度x高度=32x29  --*/
// 0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x00,0x00,0xF0,0x00,
// 0x3F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x7F,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x7B,0xC0,0xF0,0x00,0x7B,0xC0,0xF0,0x00,
// 0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x7B,0xDF,0xFF,0xC0,0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,
// 0x7B,0xFC,0x01,0xE0,0x7B,0xF8,0x01,0xE0,0x7B,0xF8,0x00,0xE0,0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,
// 0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x7B,0xCF,0x07,0x00,0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xFC,
// 0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xF8,0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xE0,0x7B,0xFF,0xFF,0xF0,0x7B,0xF8,0x00,0xF0,
// 0x7F,0xF8,0x00,0xF0,0x7F,0xF8,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x78,0x00,0xF0,0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xF0,
// 0x00,0x3F,0xFF,0xE0,
 
// };
 
int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
{
	//初始化utf8字库
	UTF8_INFO utf8_info;
    bzero(&utf8_info, sizeof(UTF8_INFO));
    strcpy(utf8_info.path, ZIKUK_FILE_BIG);
    utf8_info.width = 32;
    utf8_info.height = 32;
    init_utf8(&utf8_info);
 
	int fb_fd = init_fb("/dev/fb0");
	if (-1 == fb_fd)
	{
		return -1;
	}
 
	draw_clear(0x00000000);
	draw_point(400, 300, 0x00ff0000);
	
	
 
	draw_rectangle(100,100, 100,200, 0x00ff0000);
 
	draw_x_line(200, 200, 300, 300, 0x0000ffff);
	
	draw_x_line(200, 200, 300, 100, 0x0000ffff);
	
	draw_x_line(300, 300, 100, 100, 0x00ff00ff);
 
	draw_circle(200,200, 200, 0x00ffffff);
 
 
// 	sleep(2);
 
// 	draw_bmp(0, 0, "./res/1.bmp", 800, 600);
 
	// draw_word(100, 100, pu, 32/8, 29, 0x00ff0000);
 
	draw_utf8_str(&utf8_info, 100, 100, "水产品养殖远程监控系统", 0x00ff0000, 0x00ffffff);
 
 
// 	uninit_fb(fb_fd);
 
	return 0;
}

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