Abstract
Metamorphism-induced parent-daughter isotopic rearrangement yields information concerning the nature and duration of metamorphism in the Bamble Area, Southern Norway. The thermal maximum of the Bamble Sveconorwegian metamorphism was reached at 1160–1200 m.y. ago, according to zircon and sphene U-Pb, and Rb-Sr whole rock results. Dating of post-kinematic pegmatites suggests that the major kinematic episodes took place not much more than 100 m.y. and that not until more than 200 m.y. after the thermal maximum had uplift and cooling resulted in closure of the K-Ar system in micas. Petrological considerations together with radiometric data on the Levang Gneiss Dome suggest that Rb-Sr whole rock samples show open and closed system behaviour under similar temperatures but possibly different \(P_{H_2 O} \). Variable recrystallization of zircon in the Levang Gneiss Dome (when taken with accompanying radiometric U-Pb data) appears to substantiate the idea that when \(P_{H_2 O} \) = P solid, resetting of both the U-Pb systems in zircon and Rb-Sr whole rock systems is greatly facilitated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahrens, L. H.: Some observations on the uranium and thorium distributions in accessory zircons. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 29, 711–716 (1965).
Aldrich, L. T., Davis, G. L., James, J. L.: Ages of minerals from metamorphic and igneous rocks near Iron Mountain, Michigan. J. Petrol. 6, 445–472 (1965).
Althaus, E., Karotke, E., Nitsch, K. H., Winkler, H. G. F.: An experimental re-examination of the upper stability limit of muscovite plus quartz. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. Monatsh. 7, 325–336 (1970).
Barth, T. F. W., Dons, J. A.: Precambrian of southern Norway. In: Geology of Norway. Ed. P. Holtedahl. Norges Geol. Unders. 208, 6–67 (1960).
—, Reitan, P. H.: The Precambrian of Norway. In: The Precambrian. Ed. K. Rankama. London: Interscience 1963.
Brandt, S. B., Perminov, A. V.: P-T dependence of migration properties of lead under hydrothermal conditions. Geochemistry 5, 614–617 (1968).
Broch, O. A.: Age determinations of Norwegian minerals up to March 1964. Norges Geol. Unders. 288, 94–113 (1964).
Bugge, A.: Iaktagelser fra rektangelbladet Kragerö og den store grunnfjellsbreksje. Norges Geol. Unders. 229 (1965).
Bugge, J. A. W.: Geological and petrological investigations in the Kongsberg-Bamble formation. Norges Geol. Undrs. 160 (1943).
Burrell, D. C.: The Geology of the country west of the Levang peninsula. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Univ. of Nottingham (1964).
Catanzaro, E. J., Murphy, T. J., Shields, W. R., Garner, E. L.: Absolute isotopic abundance ratios of common equal-atom and radiogenic lead isotope standards. U. S. Nat. Bur. Stand. J. Res. 72A, 261 (1968).
Deer, W. A., Howie, R. A., Zussman, J.: Rock forming minerals.Vol. 2. Chain silicates. London: Longmans 1962.
Evans, B. W.: Application of a reaction rate method to the breakdown equilibria of muscovite and muscovite plus quartz. Am. J. Sci. 263, 647–667 (1965).
—, Guidotti, C. V.: The Sillimanite-potash feldspar isograd in western Maine, U.S.A. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 12, 25–62 (1966).
Frondel, C., Colette, R. L.: Hydrothermal synthesis of zircon, thorite and huttonite. Am. Mineralogist 42, 759–765 (1957).
Heier, K. S., Compston, W.: Interpretation of Rb-Sr age patterns in high grade metamorphic rocks, Northern Norway. Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 49, 257–283 (1969).
Kratz, K. O., Gerling, E. K., Lobach-Zhuchenko, S. B.: The isotope geology of the Precambrian of the Baltic Shield. Can. J. Earth Sci. 5, 657–660 (1968).
Krogh, T. E., Davis, G. L., Aldrich, L. T., Hart, S. R., Stueber, A.: Geological history of the Grenville Province. Carn. Inst. Yearb. Geophys. Lab. 528–536 (1967).
—: Isotopic ages along the Grenville Front in Ontario. Ann. Rep. Geophys. Lab. Yrb. 68, 309 (1969).
—, Hurley, P. M.: Strontium isotope variation and whole rock isochron studies, Grenville Province of Ontario. J. Geophys. Res. 73, 7107–7125 (1968).
Kulp, J. L., Neumann, H.: Some potassium-argon ages from the Norwegian basement. Ann. N.y. Acad. Sci. 91, 469–475 (1961).
Lanphere, M. A., Wasserburg, G. J., Albee, A. L., Tilton, G. R.: Redistribution of strontium and rubidium isotopes during metamorphism. World Beater complex, Panamint Range, California. In: Isotopic and cosmic chemistry. Eds. H. Craig, S. Miller, G. J. Wasserburg. Amsterdam: North Holland Publishing 1964.
Lipova, I. M.: Mechanism of metamict mineral alteration. Geokhimiya 6, 729–733 (1966).
—, Kuznetsova, G. J. A., Makarov, Y. S.: An investigation of the metamict state in zircons and cyrtolites. Geochemistry 2, 513–525 (1965).
Long, L. E.: Rb-Sr chronology of the Carn Chuinneag intrusion, Ross-shire, Scotland. J. Geophys. Res. 69, 1589–1597 (1964).
Lundgren, L. W.: Muscovite reactions and partial melting in southern Connecticut. J. Petrol. 7, 421–453 (1966).
Luth, W. C.: The systems NaAlSi3O8-SiO2 and KAlSi3O8-SiO2 to 20kb and the relationship between H2O, \(P_{H_2 O} \) and Ptotal in granitic magmas. Am. J. Sci. 267A, 325–341 (1969).
—, Jahns, R. H., Tuttle, O. F.: The granite system at pressures from 4 to 10 kb. J. Geophys. Res. 69, 759–773 (1964).
Marshall, B.: Zircon behaviour during extreme metamorphism. Spec. Publ. Geol. Soc. Aust. 2, 349–351 (1969).
Morton, R. D., Batey, B. H., O'Nions, R. K.: Geological investigations in the Bamble-sector of the Fennoscandian Shield, South Norway. 1. The geology of Eastern Bamble. Norges Geol. Unders. Nr. 263 (1970).
Mumpton, F. A., Roy, R.: Hydrothermal stability studies of the zircon-thorite group. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 21, 217–238 (1961).
O'Nions, R. K.: Geochronology of the Bamble-sector of the Baltic Shield, South Norway. Unpublished Ph. D. thesis. Univ. of Alberta (1969).
- Heier, K. S.: A reconnaissance Rb-Sr geochronological study of Kongsberg area, South Norway. Norsk. Geol. Tidsskr. (in press).
—, Morton, R. D., Baadsgaard, H.: Potassium-argon ages from the Bamble-sector of the Fennoscandian Shield in South Norway. Norsk Geol. Tidsskr. 49, 171–190 (1969).
—, Smith, D. G. W., Baadsgaard, H., Morton, R. D.: Influence of chemical composition on the argon retentivity of metamorphic calcic amphiboles from South Norway. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 5, 339–345 (1969).
Pidgeon, R. T.: Zircon U-Pb ages from the Galway granite and the Dalradian, Connemara, Ireland. Scott. J. Geol. 5, 375–392 (1969).
—, O'Neill, R. J., Silver, L. T.: Uranium and lead isotopic stability in a metamict zircon under experimental hydrothermal conditions. Science 154, 1538–1540 (1966).
Polkanov, A. A., Gerling, E. K.: The Precambrian geochronology of the Baltic Shield. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 91, 492–499 (1961).
Poldervaart, A.: Statistical studies on zircons as a criterion of granitisation. Nature 16, 574–575 (1950).
—: Zircons in rocks. 1. Sedimentary rocks. Am. J. Sci. 253, 433–461 (1955).
—: Zircons in rocks. II. Igneous rocks. Am. J. Sci. 254, 521–554 (1956).
Richardson, S. W., Gilbert, M. C., Bell, P. M.: Experimental determination of kyanite-andalusite and andalusite equilibria: the aluminium-silicate triple point. Am. J. Sci. 267, 259–272 (1969).
Saxena, S. K.: Evolution of zircons in sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Sedimentology 6, 1–33 (1966).
Stacey, J. S., Delavaux, M., Ulrych, T. J.: Some triple filament lead isotope analyses and absolute parameters for single stage leads. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 6, 15–25 (1969).
Starmer, I. C.: The migmatite complex of the Risör area, Aust Agder, Norway. Norsk. Geol. Tidsskr. 49, 33–56 (1969a).
—: Basic plutonic intrusions of the Risör-Söndeled area, south Norway: the original lithologies and their metamorphism. Norsk. Geol. Tidsskr. 49, 403–432 (1969b).
Tilton, G. R.: Volume diffusion as a mechanism for discordant lead ages. J. Geophys. Res. 65, 2933–2945 (1960).
—, Davis, G. L., Wetherill, G. W., Aldrich, L. T.: Isotopic ages of zircon from granites and pegmatites. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 38, 360–371 (1957).
—, Grunenfelder, M. H.: Sphene: Uranium-lead ages. Science 159, 1458–1461 (1968).
Touret, J.: Geological studies in the region of Vegårshei-Gjerstad. Norg. Geol. Unders. 215, 120–139 (1962).
—: Les gneiss oeilles de la region de Vegårshei-Gjerstad (Norvege meridionale). 7. Étude petrographique. Norsk. Geol. Tidsskr. 47, 131–148 (1967).
Turner, F. J.: Metamorphic petrology. Mineralogical and field aspects. New York: McGraw Hill 1968.
Wasserburg, G. J.: Diffusion processes in lead-uranium systems. J. Geophys. Res. 68, 4823–4846 (1963).
Wetherill, G.W.: Discordant uranium-lead ages. Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 37, 320–326 (1956).
Winkler, H. G. F.: Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks. Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1967.
—: Abolition of metamorphic facies, introduction of the four divisions of metamorphic stage, and a classification based on isograds in common rocks. Neues Jahrb. Mineral. H. 7, 189–248 (1970).
Wynne-Edwards, H. R., Hassan, Zia-Ul.: Intersecting orogenic belts across the North Atlantic. Am. J. Sci. 268, 289–308 (1970).
York, D.: The least-squares fitting of a straight line. Can. J. Phys. 44, 1097–1086 (1966).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
O'Nions, R.K., Baadsgaard, H. A radiometric study of polymetamorphism in the Bamble region, Norway. Contr. Mineral. and Petrol. 34, 1–21 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00376027
Received:
Issue date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00376027


