Dayak
Dayak Dyak | |
|---|---|
 Seorang ketua Dayak memegang lembing dan perisai yang dikenali sebagai Klebit Bok | |
| Total population | |
| c. 3.41 juta | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Borneo: | |
 Malaysia | c. 1,968,995[1] |
 Indonesia | c. 1,389,546[2] |
 Brunei | c. 58,730 |
| Boros | |
| Rumpun Bahasa Melayu-Polinesia Terutamanya Bahasa-bahasa Dayak Ngaju • Iban • Klemantan • Kayan • Ot Danum • Barito • Bakumpai • Ma'anyan • Murut • dll. Termasuk juga Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Melayu Berau • Kutai • Mempawah • dll. | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Orang Austronesia Orang Banjar • Orang Melayu Borneo • Rejang • Malagasy, dll. | |
Dayak, maya imoto'on sabaagi Dyak toi ko' Dayuh nopo nga iso tinimungan bumiputera hilo id Borneo.[1] Iti nopo nga pangarait montok poinggonop 200 tinaru i pointimporon hilo id koiyonon baang om do nulu, poinlobi hilo id bohogian tanga om kabaatan Pulou Borneo, miampai boros, dialek, kaadat-adato', kooturan, koiyonon om koubasanan i sondii, mulong haro nogi paagalan poinggonop kokomi puak diti. Booboros Dayak dikategorikan sabaagi sobohogian mantad raan Booboros Austronesia. Ontok gulu-gulu, sobohogian ginumuan i agayo Dayak kotumbaayaan i gumapus animisme maya nointutunan sabaagi Kaharingan hilo id Indonesia), mulong kotimpuun ontok ohotusan alamahas19 ginumu' i mimpuun gumapus ugama Kristian om Islam.
Etimologi
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Ngaran Dayak notumbayaan mantad Boros Malayu Brunei om Melanau i kirati do " tulun id suang padalaman" , au sumuku kumaa nonggo-nonggo etnik khas. Oroitan pangarait kaawagu diserap do penulis-penulis Ia' om Jerman sabaagi guasan poinggonop montok puak-puak peribumi okon Islam hilo id Borneo. Mantad diri, apangkal kopogisuusuayan pialatan Dayak om bukan-Dayak nopo nga kopogisuusuayan do ugama. Nga, penulis-penulis Inggilis au kaakun miampai pengelasan i maan do koobian Ia' om Jerman, pialatan James Brooke i momoguno do guasan Dayak montok duo tinimungan poimbida, do Dayak Tindal Om i (bidayuh) Rahat (Iban).[3]
Pengelasan Belanda i kotimpuun ontok ohotusan alamahas19 alapas diri sumusuhut hilo id Indonesia, sabaagi guasan montok poinggonop koinsanai suku-suku okon Islam hilo id Pulou Borneo gisom. Om hilo id Malaysia, guasan Dayak mibagal am-nya potimporon sabaagi sukuon kumaa opiapat Iban (sebelumnya nointutunan sabaagi Dayak Rahat om Bidayuh roitan sabaagi Dayak Tindal ontok maso di gulu.[4]
Suku-suku Dayak au moboros id suang songinan boros i agal.[5] Boros yolo kaampai id suang mogisusuai raan Tinimungan Boros Melayu-Polinesia, miagal Tinimungan boros Tindal i dayak, Booboros do Malayu, Boros Sabah, Boros Barito om misuusuai.[6][7] Ontok tadau baino, gumuon ginumuan Kasaga' i dayak moboros id suang do dwi-bahasa miampai abalantas, suai ko mantad boros tinaru , aanu nogi yolo monongkoturubung id suang Boros Malayu toi ko' Boros Indonesia, humontol pogun i toi ko' intodonon yolo. Ogumu boros-boros ipinoboros id Borneo nopo nga endemik (amu kaanu pinatantu id tionon suai).
Pinoanggar haro soginumu 170 boros pinoboros id Borneo, i haro i kiharo piipiro atus momboros. Sundung po do mogowit kobimbangan kumaa timpu om boros-boros diti om kebudayaan i kopionit.
Di toun 1954, Tjilik Riwut mengkategorikan mogisusuai tinimungan dayak kumaa 18 opiapat hilo id pointongkop pulou boneo, miampai 403 puak tumanud boros, kaadat-adato' om koubasanan. Nga, disio au manahak pongintalangan kosusuhut kokomi ngaran puak-puak diti.[8]
| Rumpun | Suku | Puak | Lokasi[9] |
|---|---|---|---|
| I. Ngaju |
Ngaju Ma'anyan Lawangan Dusun |
53 8 21 8 |
Selatan Borneo |
| II. Apukayan |
Kenyah Kayan Bahau |
24 10 26 |
Timur Borneo |
| III. Iban/Dayak Laut |
Iban |
11 |
Barat Laut dan pesisir barat Borneo |
| IV. Klemantan/Dayak Darat |
Klemantan Ketungau |
47 40 |
Pendalaman barat laut Borneo |
| V. Punan |
Basap Punan Ot |
20 24 5 |
Tengah-timur Borneo |
| VI. Murut |
Idaan/Dusun Murut Tidung |
6 10 28 |
Utara Borneo |
| VII. Ot Danum |
Ot Danum |
61 |
Selatan Borneo |
Ugama
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Animisme/Kaharingan
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Id Indonesia, kotumbaayaan ugama Dayak nointutunan sabaagi Kaharingan, obuli boroso sabaagi iso bontuk animisme. Ngaran diti pinintutunan' do Tjilik Riwut di toun 1944 maamaso disio kakama' jawatan sabaagi Residen Ia' hilo id Sampit, Hindia Kosilahon Ia'. Di toun 1945, maamaso kotoinaan , Jepun kinomi Kaharingan sabaagi ugama do ginumuan Dayak. Maamaso Orde Kawaawagu hilo id Indonesia di toun 1980, Kaharingan kopomorojistoran sabaagi mikawo kotumbaayaan Hindu Indonesia, sabab ontok maso dilo Indonesia mengeniktiraf Bontuk i 6 ugama - Islam, Protestan, Roman Katolik, Hindu, Buddha and Konfusianisme. Mi'iso Kaharingan sabaagi ponondtudukan Hindu okon sabab paagalan sistom ugama oroitan, nga sabab Kaharingan nopo nga ponondtudukan tolohing hilo id Kalimantan.
Misuai miampai koburon i kinaantakan hilo id Kalimantan, Kaharingan au ginuno sabaagi sukuon ugama hilo id Malaysia om Brunei, mantad diri kotumbaayaan intodonon ginumuan Dayak pinungaranan sabaagi animisme toi ko' pagan id id soliwan Indonesia.[10]
Kristian
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Id suang to'ongkop Ohotusan i 2 di nakatalib, majoriti ginumuan Dayak mimpuun gumapus ugama Kristian, talad minogiduan piipiro kaadat-adato' sandad. Ugama Kristian pinintutunan' do mubaligh Kristian hilo id Borneo. Kopogisuusuayan ugama pialatan mogiigiyon Borneo nokoumbal nokopongulai piipiro pinatat ugama pogulu diti.[11]
Islam
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Mibagal koubasanan, gumapus do ugama Islam hilo id Monindu i hilo sabaagi Sumuang Malayu, mibagal asimilasi miampai kaadat-adato' Malayu. Nga, haro nogi piipiro timungan Dayak i haro puruan ugama Islam i agayo, nga gisom doid tadau baino monindu sondii yolo sabaagi Dayak. Pomitanan ginumuan Bakumpai i gumapus do ugama Islam ontok ohotusan alamahas19, om haro kekerabatan boros om koubasanan i apangor miampai Tulun Ngaju. Yolo mintong guasan Dayak mibagal osonong om monindu sondii yolo sabaagi "Dayak Muslim".[12]
Galeri
[simbanai | simbanai toud]
Tondu Ma'anyan maamaso Pesta Koubasanan Keang
Soni tolig suku Kenyah
Songulun kusai Iban (Dayak Laut) mantad Sarawak miampai rasuk pahlawan
Iso Baluk id Kalimantan Barat, dewan keramaian tulun Bidayuh (Dayat Darat)
Songulu tanak tondu Punan,haro piipiro puak Dayak nointutunan maya cuping tolingo diolo i pinoinaru miampai nanting-anting bosi (1931-1932)
Lansaran, pomoinan trampolin tradisional tongotulun Murut.
Songulun kusai Dayak kitatu id tanga Borneo, dau kikomungkinan kikomungkinan mantad puak Ot Danum (1880-1920)
.jpg)
Sukuon
[simbanai | simbanai toud]Laman Templat:Senarai rujukan/gaya.css tiada kandungan.
- ↑ "Population Distribution and Demography" (PDF). Malaysian Department of Statistics. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 30 November 2025.
{{cite journal}}:|archive-date=/|archive-url=timestamp mismatch (help) - ↑ "Jumlah dan Persentase Penduduk menurut Kelompok Suku Bangsa" (PDF). media.neliti.com. Kewarganegaraan, suku bangsa, agama dan bahasa sehari-hari penduduk Indonesia. Linoyog ontok 30 May 2024.
- ↑ Tillotson (1994). "Who invented the Dayaks? : historical case studies in art, material culture and ethnic identity from Borneo". Open Research Library. Australian National University. Linoyog ontok 13 May 2022.
- ↑ "Dayak". Britanicca. Encyclopædia Britannica. Linoyog ontok 13 May 2022.
- ↑ Avé, J. B. (1972). "Kalimantan Dyaks". In LeBar, Frank M. (ed.). Ethnic Groups of Insular Southeast Asia, Volume 1: Indonesia, Andaman Islands, and Madagascar. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files Press. pp. 185–187. ISBN 978-0-87536-403-2.
- ↑ Adelaar, K. Alexander (1995). Fox. James J.; Tryon, Darrell (eds.). "Borneo as a cross-roads for comparative Austronesian linguistics" (PDF). The Austronesians: Historical and Comparative Perspectives (online ed.). Canberra, Australia: Department of Anthropology, The Australian National University: 81–102. ISBN 978-1-920942-85-4. Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad (PDF) ontok 29 June 2014. Linoyog ontok 29 June 2014.
{{cite journal}}: Missing|editor1=(help) - ↑ Sila rujuk senarai bahasa di "Borneo Languages: Languages of Kalimantan, Indonesia and East Malaysia". Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies, Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (KITLV). Pinoopi mantad sand̠ad ontok 9 February 2012.
- ↑ Masri Singarimbun (1991). "Beberapa aspek kehidupan masyarakat Dayak". Humaniora. 3: 139–151. Linoyog ontok 3 May 2022.
- ↑ Masri Singaribum. "Beberapa Aspek Kehidupan Masyarakat Dayak". media.neliti. Linoyog ontok 3 May 2022.
- ↑ Baier, Martin (2007). "The Development of the Hindu Kaharingan Religion: A New Dayak Religion in Central Kalimantan". Anthropos. 102 (2): 566–570. doi:10.5771/0257-9774-2007-2-566. JSTOR 40389742.
- ↑ Avé, Jan B.; King, Victor T. (1986). The People of the Weeping Forest: Tradition and Change in Borneo. Leiden, Netherlands: National Museum of Ethnology. ISBN 978-9-07131-028-7.
- ↑ Chalmers, Ian (2006). "The Dynamics of Conversion: the Islamisation of the Dayak peoples of Central Kalimantan". In Vickers, A.; Hanlon, M. (eds.). Asia Reconstructed: Proceedings of the 16th Biennial Conference of the ASAA. Wollongong, NSW: Australian National University. hdl:20.500.11937/35283.
Basaan tumilombus
[simbanai | simbanai toud]- runeiBenedict Sandin (1967). The Sea Dayaks of Borneo Before White Rajah Rule. Macmillan.
- Derek Freeman (1955). Iban Agriculture: A Report on the Shifting Cultivation of Hill Rice by the Iban of Sarawak. H.M. Stationery Office.
- Derek Freeman (1970). Report on the Iban. Bloomsbury Academic.
- Eric Hansen (1988). Stranger in the Forest: On Foot Across Borneo. Vintage Books. ISBN 9780375724954.
- Hans Schärer (2013). Ngaju Religion: The Conception of God among a South Borneo People. Springer Science & Business Media. ISBN 9789401193467.
- Jean Yves Domalain (1973). Panjamon: I was a Headhunter. William Morrow. ISBN 9780688000288.
- Judith M. Heimann (2009). The Airmen and the Headhunters: A True Story of Lost Soldiers, Heroic Tribesmen and the Unlikeliest Rescue of World War II. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. ISBN 9780547416069.
- Norma R. Youngberg (2000). The Queen's Gold. TEACH Services. ISBN 9781572581555.
- Peter Goullart (1965). River of the White Lily: Life in Sarawak. John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-0542-9.
- Raymond Corbey (2016). Of Jars and Gongs: Two Keys to Ot Danum Dayak Cosmology. C. Zwartenkot Art Books. ISBN 9789054500162.
- St. John, Sir Spenser (1879). The life of Sir James Brooke: Rajah of Sarawak: From His Personal Papers and Correspondence. Edinburgh & London.
- Syamsuddin Haris (2005). Desentralisasi dan Otonomi Daerah: Desentralisasi, Demokratisasi & Akuntabilitas Pemerintahan Daerah. Yayasan Obor Indonesia. ISBN 9789799801418.
- Victor T King (1978). Essays on Borneo Societies. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780197134344.
