It is one of the most important factor for exploration of energy resources to evaluate the thermal history of a sedimentary basin. A common method for the evaluation of thermal history is measurement of maturity of organic matter. The recent advances in the field of mineral geothermometry are remarkable. The outline of mineral geothermometer in low temperature is given in this paper. Two topics are mentioned in detail. The one is the application of fission-track dating to the thermal history of rocks in sedimentary basin. The other is the progressive transformation of smectite to illite via mixed-layer illite/semectite. The illitization is strongly controlled by temperature, and also influenced by several factors, such as kinetics, potassium availability, pressure, and fluid and rock composition. Some examples in the Niigata Neogene basin are briefly described.