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1922 United States Senate elections

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1922 United States Senate elections

 1920
November 7, 1922
1924 
 1916
1928 

32 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Henry Cabot Lodge[a] Oscar Underwood
Party Republican Democratic
Leader since March 4, 1919 April 27, 1920
Leader's seat Massachusetts Alabama
Seats before 60 36
Seats after 53 42
Seat change Decrease 7 Increase 6
Seats up 17 15
Races won 10 21

  Third party
 
Party Farmer–Labor
Seats before 0
Seats after 1
Seat change Increase 1
Seats up Steady
Races won 1

Results of the elections:
     Democratic gain      Democratic hold
     Republican gain      Republican hold
     Farmer–Labor gain
     No election

Majority Leader before election

Henry Cabot Lodge[a]
Republican

Elected Majority Leader

Henry Cabot Lodge[a]
Republican

The 1922 United States Senate elections were elections that occurred in the middle of Republican President Warren G. Harding's term. The 32 seats of Class 1 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. With the Republicans divided between conservative and progressive factions, the Democrats gained six net seats from the Republicans while the Farmer–Labor party gained one. The Republicans retained their Senate majority.

Mid-term vacancies would reduce the Republican majority by a further two seats, with the Democrats and the Farmer Labors picking up another seat each, reducing Republicans to a 51-43-2 majority.

Gains, losses, and holds

[edit]

Retirements

[edit]

One Republican and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election. One Republican retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term and one Democrat retired instead of seeking election to finish the unexpired term.

State Senator Replaced by
Georgia Rebecca Latimer Felton Walter F. George
Iowa Charles A. Rawson Smith W. Brookhart
Mississippi John S. Williams Hubert D. Stephens
Montana Henry L. Myers Burton K. Wheeler
Vermont Carroll S. Page Frank L. Greene

Defeats

[edit]

Nine Republicans and three Democrats sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election. One Republican sought election to finish the unexpired term and sought election to a full term but lost in both the special election and the regular election.

State Senator Replaced by
Delaware T. Coleman du Pont Thomas F. Bayard Jr.
Indiana Harry S. New Samuel M. Ralston
Maryland Joseph I. France William Cabell Bruce
Michigan Charles E. Townsend Woodbridge N. Ferris
Minnesota Frank B. Kellogg Henrik Shipstead
Nebraska Gilbert Hitchcock Robert B. Howell
New Jersey Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Edward I. Edwards
New York William M. Calder Royal S. Copeland
North Dakota Porter J. McCumber Lynn Frazier
Ohio Atlee Pomerene Simeon D. Fess
Texas Charles A. Culberson Earle B. Mayfield
Washington Miles Poindexter Clarence Dill
West Virginia Howard Sutherland Matthew M. Neely

Post-elections changes

[edit]
State Senator Replaced by
Colorado Samuel D. Nicholson Alva B. Adams
Illinois Medill McCormick Charles S. Deneen
Minnesota Knute Nelson Magnus Johnson

Change in composition

[edit]

Before the elections

[edit]

At the beginning of 1922.

  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21
Ariz.
Ran
D22
Fla.
Ran
D23
Ga. (sp)
Retired
D24
Miss.
Retired
D25
Mo.
Ran
D26
Mont.
Retired
D27
Neb.
Ran
D28
Nev.
Ran
R59
W.Va.
Ran
R60
Wis.
Ran
D36
Wyo.
Ran
D35
Va.
Ran
D34
Utah
Ran
D33
Texas
Ran
D32
Tenn.
Ran
D31
R.I.
Ran
D30
Ohio
Ran
D29
N.M.
Ran
R58
Wash.
Ran
R57
Vt.
Retired
R56
Pa. (sp cl.3)
Ran
R55
Pa. (reg)
Pa. (sp cl.1)
Ran
R54
N.D.
Ran
R53
N.Y.
Ran
R52
N.J.
Ran
R51
Minn.
Ran
R50
Mich.
Ran
R49
Mass.
Ran
Majority →
R39 R40 R41 R42
Calif.
Ran
R43
Conn.
Ran
R44
Del. (reg)
Del. (sp)
Ran
R45
Ind.
Ran
R46
Iowa (sp)
Retired
R47
Maine
Ran
R48
Md.
Ran
R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8

After the elections

[edit]
  D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21
Ariz.
Re-elected
D22
Del. (sp)
Del. (reg)
Gain[b]
D23
Fla.
Re-elected
D24
Ga. (sp)
Hold
D25
Ind.
Gain
D26
Md.
Gain
D27
Mich.
Gain
D28
Miss.
Hold
D38
Utah
Re-elected
D37
Texas
Hold
D36
Tenn.
Re-elected
D35
R.I.
Re-elected
D34
N.Y.
Re-elected
D33
N.M.
Re-elected
D32
N.J.
Gain
D31
Nev.
Hold
D30
Mont.
Hold
D29
Mo.
Re-elected
D39
Va.
Re-elected
D40
Wash.
Gain
D41
W.Va.
Gain
D42
Wyo.
Re-elected
FL1
Minn.
Gain
R53
Wis.
Re-elected
R52
Vt.
Hold
R51
Ohio
Gain
R50
Pa. (sp cl.3)
Elected[c]
R49
Pa. (sp cl.1)
Pa. (reg)
Elected[c]
Majority →
R39 R40 R41 R42
Calif.
Re-elected
R43
Conn.
Re-elected
R44
Iowa (sp)
Hold
R45
Maine
Re-elected
R46
Mass.
Re-elected
R47
Neb.
Gain
R48
N.D.
Hold
R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Key
D# Democratic
FL# Farmer–Labor
R# Republican

Race summaries

[edit]

Special elections during the 67th Congress

[edit]

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1922; ordered by election date.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Delaware
(Class 1)
T. Coleman du Pont Republican 1921 (appointed) Interim appointee lost election.
New senator elected November 7, 1922.
Democratic gain.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Georgia
(Class 3)
Rebecca Latimer Felton Democratic 1922 (appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected November 7, 1922.
Democratic hold.
Iowa
(Class 2)
Charles A. Rawson Republican 1922 (appointed) Interim appointee retired.
New senator elected November 7, 1922.
Republican hold.
Pennsylvania
(Class 1)
David A. Reed Republican 1922 (appointed) Interim appointee elected November 7, 1922.
Winner also elected to the next term; see below.
Pennsylvania
(Class 3)
George W. Pepper Republican 1922 (appointed) Interim appointee elected November 7, 1922.

Elections leading to the 68th Congress

[edit]

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1923; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats.

State Incumbent Results Candidates
Senator Party Electoral history
Arizona Henry F. Ashurst Democratic 1912 (new state)
1916
Incumbent re-elected.
California Hiram Johnson Republican 1916 Incumbent re-elected.
Connecticut George P. McLean Republican 1911
1916
Incumbent re-elected.
Delaware T. Coleman du Pont Republican 1921 (appointed) Interim appointee lost election.
Democratic gain.
Florida Park Trammell Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected.
  • Green tickY Park Trammell (Democratic) 88.0%
  • W. C. Lawson (Ind. Republican) 11.7%
Indiana Harry S. New Republican 1916 Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic gain.
Maine Frederick Hale Republican 1916 Incumbent re-elected September 11, 1922.
Maryland Joseph I. France Republican 1916 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Others
  • Robert E. Long (Labor) 1.0%
  • James L. Smiley (Socialist) 0.8%
Massachusetts Henry Cabot Lodge Republican 1893
1899
1905
1911
1916
Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • John Weaver Sherman (Socialist) 1.3%
  • Washington Cook (Independent) 0.9%
  • William E. Weeks (Progressive) 0.6%
Michigan Charles E. Townsend Republican 1911
1916
Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Others
  • William L. Kreighoff (Socialist) 0.7%
  • Frank E. Titus (Prohibition) 0.3%
Minnesota Frank B. Kellogg Republican 1916 Incumbent lost re-election.
Farmer–Labor gain.
Mississippi John S. Williams Democratic 1908 (early)
1916
Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
  • Green tickY Hubert D. Stephens (Democratic) 92.8%
  • John C. Cook (Republican) 5.3%
  • Sumner W. Rose (Socialist) 1.9%
Missouri James A. Reed Democratic 1911
1916
Incumbent re-elected.
Others
Montana Henry L. Myers Democratic 1911
1916
Incumbent retired.
Democratic hold.
Nebraska Gilbert Hitchcock Democratic 1911
1916
Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Nevada Key Pittman Democratic 1913 (special)
1916
Incumbent re-elected.
New Jersey Joseph S. Frelinghuysen Republican 1916 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
New Mexico Andrieus A. Jones Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected.
New York William M. Calder Republican 1916 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Others
  • Coleridge A. Hart (Prohibition) 1.3%
  • Henry Kuhn (Socialist Labor) 0.2%
North Dakota Porter J. McCumber Republican 1899
1905
1911
1916
Incumbent lost renomination.
Republican hold.
Ohio Atlee Pomerene Democratic 1911
1916
Incumbent lost re-election.
Republican gain.
Pennsylvania David A. Reed Republican 1922 (appointed) Interim appointee elected.
Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above.
Others
  • Charles Sehl (Socialist) 2.3%
  • Charles J. Schoales (Single Tax) 0.3%
Rhode Island Peter G. Gerry Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected.
Tennessee Kenneth McKellar Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected.
Texas Charles A. Culberson Democratic 1899
1905
1911
1916
Incumbent lost renomination.
Democratic hold.
Utah William H. King Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected.
Vermont Carroll S. Page Republican 1908 (special)
1910
1916
Incumbent retired.
Republican hold.
Virginia Claude A. Swanson Democratic 1910 (appointed)
1911 (appointed)
1912 (special)
1916
Incumbent re-elected.
Washington Miles Poindexter Republican 1910
1916
Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Others
  • David Burgess (Socialist Labor) 0.7%
  • Frans Bostrom (Workers) 0.2%
West Virginia Howard Sutherland Republican 1916 Incumbent lost re-election.
Democratic gain.
Wisconsin Robert M. La Follette Republican 1905
1911
1916
Incumbent re-elected.
Others
  • Adolph R. Bucknam (Prohibition) 2.4%
  • Richard Koeppel (Independent) 0.4%
Wyoming John B. Kendrick Democratic 1916 Incumbent re-elected.

Closest races

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Fourteen races had a margin of victory under 10%:

State Party of winner Margin
Delaware (special) Democratic (flip) 0.1%
Delaware (regular) Democratic (flip) 0.43%
Utah Democratic 0.47%
Massachusetts Republican 0.8%
Washington Democratic (flip) 1.2%
Michigan Democratic (flip) 2.2%
Indiana Democratic (flip) 3.1%
Ohio Republican (flip) 3.2%
West Virginia Democratic (flip) 3.6%
North Dakota Republican 4.56%
Missouri Democratic 4.6%
Maryland Democratic (flip) 7.0%
Connecticut Republican 6.8%
Rhode Island Democratic 8.8%

The tipping point state is Pennsylvania with a margin of 25.5%.

Arizona

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in Arizona

 1916
November 7, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee Henry Fountain Ashurst James Harvey McClintock
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 39,722 21,358
Percentage 65.03% 34.97%

County results
Ashurst:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%

U.S. senator before election

Henry F. Ashurst
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Henry F. Ashurst
Democratic

1922 United States Senate election in Arizona[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Henry F. Ashurst (Incumbent) 39,722 65.03%
Republican James H. McClintock 21,358 34.97%
Majority 13,864 30.06%
Turnout 61,080
Democratic hold

California

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in California

 1916
November 7, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee Hiram Johnson William J. Pearson
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 564,422 215,748
Percentage 62.17% 23.76%

 
Nominee Henry Clay Needham Upton Sinclair
Party Prohibition Socialist
Popular vote 70,748 56,982
Percentage 7.79% 6.28%

County results
Johnson:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%

U.S. senator before election

Hiram Johnson
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Hiram Johnson
Republican

1922 United States Senate election in California [1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Hiram Johnson (Incumbent) 564,422 62.17%
Democratic William J. Pearson 215,748 23.76%
Prohibition H. Clay Needham 70,748 7.79%
Socialist Upton Sinclair 56,982 6.28%
Majority 348,674 38.41%
Turnout 907,900
Republican hold

Connecticut

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in Connecticut

 1916
November 7, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee George P. McLean Thomas J. Spellacy
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 169,524 147,276
Percentage 52.34% 45.47%

McLean:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%      90–100%
Spellacy:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

George P. McLean
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

George P. McLean
Republican

1922 United States Senate election in Connecticut[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican George P. McLean (Incumbent) 169,524 52.49%
Democratic Thomas J. Spellacy 147,276 45.60%
Socialist Isadore Polsky 6,161 1.91%
Majority 22,248 6.89%
Turnout 322,961
Republican hold

Delaware

[edit]

There were 2 elections in Delaware.

Delaware (special)

[edit]
1922 United States Senate special election in Delaware

 1916
November 7, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee Thomas F. Bayard Jr. T. Coleman du Pont
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 36,954 36,894
Percentage 49.65% 49.57%

U.S. senator before election

T. Coleman du Pont
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Thomas F. Bayard Jr.
Democratic

1922 United States Senate special election in Delaware[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Thomas F. Bayard Jr. 36,954 49.65%
Republican T. Coleman du Pont (Incumbent) 36,894 49.57%
Forward Frank Stephens 581 0.78%
Majority 60 0.08%
Turnout 74,429
Democratic gain from Republican

Delaware (regular)

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in Delaware

 1916
November 7, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee Thomas F. Bayard Jr. T. Coleman du Pont
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 37,304 36,979
Percentage 49.81% 49.38%

County results
Bayard:      50–60%
Pont:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

T. Coleman du Pont
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Thomas F. Bayard Jr.
Democratic

1922 United States Senate election in Delaware[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Thomas F. Bayard Jr. 37,304 49.81%
Republican T. Coleman du Pont (Incumbent) 36,979 49.38%
Forward Frank Stephens 608 0.81%
Majority 325 0.43%
Turnout 74,891
Democratic gain from Republican

Florida

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in Florida

 1916
November 7, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee Park Trammell W. C. Lawson
Party Democratic Independent Republican
Popular vote 45,707 6,074
Percentage 88.27% 11.73%

County results
Trammell:      70–80%      80–90%      >90%

U.S. senator before election

Park Trammell
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Park Trammell
Democratic

1922 United States Senate election in Florida[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Park Trammell (Incumbent) 45,707 88.27%
Independent Republican W. C. Lawson 6,074 11.73%
Majority 39,733 76.54%
Turnout 51,781
Democratic hold

Georgia (special)

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in Georgia

 1916
October 12, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee Walter F. George Thomas W. Hardwick Seaborn Wright
Party Democratic Democratic Democratic
Popular vote 60,436 36,328 12,820
Percentage 54.64% 32.85% 11.59%

U.S. senator before election

Rebecca Latimer Felton
Democratic

Elected U.S. Senator

Walter F. George
Democratic

1922 United States Senate special Democratic primary in Georgia[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Walter F. George 60,436 54.64%
Democratic Thomas W. Hardwick 36,328 32.85%
Democratic Seaborn Wright 12,820 11.59%
Democratic John R. Cooper 1,018 0.92%
Majority 24,108 21.79%
Turnout 110,602
Democratic hold

In the special general election held November 7, 1922, George was unopposed.

Indiana

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in Indiana

 1916
November 7, 1922
 
Nominee Samuel Ralston Albert Beveridge
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 558,169 524,558
Percentage 50.87% 47.80%

County results
Ralston:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%
Beveridge:      40–50%      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Harry Stewart New
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Samuel M. Ralston
Democratic

1922 United States Senate election in Indiana[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Democratic Samuel M. Ralston 558,169 51.55%
Republican Albert J. Beveridge 524,558 48.45%
Majority 33,611 3.10%
Turnout 1,082,727
Democratic gain from Republican

Iowa (special)

[edit]
1922 United States Senate special election in Iowa

 1918
November 7, 1922
1924 
 
Nominee Smith W. Brookhart Clyde Herring
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 389,751 227,833
Percentage 63.11% 36.89%

County results
Brookhart:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%      80–90%
Herring:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Charles A. Rawson
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Smith W. Brookhart
Republican

1922 United States Senate special election in Iowa[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Smith W. Brookhart 389,751 63.11%
Democratic Clyde L. Herring 227,833 36.89%
Majority 161,918 27.22%
Turnout 617,584
Republican hold

Maine

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in Maine

 1916
November 7, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee Frederick Hale Oakley C. Curtis
Party Republican Democratic
Popular vote 101,026 74,660
Percentage 57.50% 42.50%

County Results
Hale:      50–60%      60–70%      70–80%
Curtis:      50–60%

U.S. senator before election

Frederick Hale
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator

Frederick Hale
Republican

1922 United States Senate election in Maine[1]
Party Candidate Votes %
Republican Frederick Hale (Incumbent) 101,026 57.50%
Democratic Oakley C. Curtis 74,660 42.50%
Majority 26,366 15.00%
Turnout 175,686
Republican hold

Maryland

[edit]
1922 United States Senate election in Maryland

 1916
November 7, 1922
1928 
 
Nominee William Cabell Bruce Joseph I. France
Party Democratic Republican
Popular vote 160,947 139,581
Percentage 52.61% 45.63%

County results
France:      40–50%      50–60%
Bruce:      50–60%      60–70%

U.S. senator before election

Joseph I. France
Republican

Elected U.S. Senator