Haitian Canadians
| Total population | |
|---|---|
| 178,990 (by ancestry, 2021 Census)[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Mostly Quebec, with smaller populations in Ontario, Alberta, British Columbia and New Brunswick | |
| Languages | |
| Canadian French, Canadian English, Haitian Creole Franglais | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly: Roman Catholicism and Haitian Vodou Minority: Protestantism | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Haitians, Taíno, White Haitians, Black Canadians, Chinese Canadians, Indo-Canadians, French Canadians, Arab Canadians, Indigenous peoples in Canada, Haitian Americans |
Haitian Canadians (French: Haïtiano-Canadiens) are Canadians of Haitian descent or Haitian-born residents of Canada. As of 2016, more than 86% of Haitian Canadians resided in Quebec.[2]
Haitian migration to Canada
[edit]Immigration
[edit]1960–1980
[edit]Immigration from Haiti to Quebec started in 1963.[3] Haitian settlement in the Quebec municipality Montreal increased about 40% between the late 1960s and the early 1970s. Immigration data from 1968 shows that Haiti placed fifteenth in overall origin countries outputting migrants to Quebec; in addition, Haiti had 1.6% of the total immigration percentage of Quebec in 1968. In the span of five years, Haiti became the second-largest source country for Quebec immigration, accounting for 8.4% of the total number of immigrants to Quebec in 1973.[3]
The impact of nationalism and political tension in Haiti on immigration
[edit]The migration of Haitian immigrants between 1969 and 1974 can be understood through the political institutions in place within Haiti at the time. Haiti was governed by way of a dictatorship, led by François Duvalier.[3] Duvalier had been contested by the leftist Unified Party of Haitian Communists, who failed in resisting Duvalier's authoritarian regime.[3] Duvalier's death and the subsequent succession of his son Jean-Claude Duvalier led to the notion of “patriotic action”, a declaration of nationalism directed towards Haitian Canadian and Haitian American immigrants, as well as a call to action in assisting their Haitian brethren.[3] Haitian Canadians joined forces with their home country brethren in some cases to assist in the "“resolution of the Haitian crisis” and to attempt to establish greater leftist political power.[4] The idea of “patriotic action” finalized with the potential deportation faced by around 700 Haitian Canadians from 1972 to 1973.[3] These Haitian Québécois joined forces under a protest movement in regards to their rights as citizens; these protests were organized by the Christian community of Haitians of Montreal.[3]
Demographics
[edit]| Number of Haitian nationals granted permanent residence in Canada by year[5] | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Number of Haitian nationals admitted | Total number of permanent residents admitted | Proportion of permanent residents admitted |
| 2002 | 2,217 | 229,048 | 1% |
| 2003 | 1,945 | 221,349 | 0.9% |
| 2004 | 1,657 | 235,823 | 0.7% |
| 2005 | 1,719 | 262,242 | 0.7% |
| 2006 | 1,650 | 251,640 | 0.7% |
| 2007 | 1,614 | 236,753 | 0.7% |
| 2008 | 2,509 | 247,246 | 1% |
| 2009 | 2,085 | 252,174 | 0.8% |
| 2010 | 4,552 | 280,691 | 1.6% |
| 2011 | 6,208 | 248,748 | 2.5% |
| Province | Population | Percentage | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
 Quebec | 143,165 | 1.8% | [6] |
 Ontario | 17,715 | 0.1% | [7] |
 Alberta | 2,235 | 0.1% | [8] |
 British Columbia | 1,140 | 0.0% | [9] |
 Nova Scotia | 355 | 0.0% | [10] |
 New Brunswick | 305 | 0.0% | [11] |
 Manitoba | 235 | 0.0% | [12] |
 Saskatchewan | 185 | 0.0% | [13] |
 Prince Edward Island | 35 | 0.0% | [14] |
 Newfoundland and Labrador | 25 | 0.0% | [15] |
 Northwest Territories | 10 | 0.0% | [16] |
 Nunavut | 0 | 0.0% | [17] |
 Yukon | 0 | 0.0% | [18] |
 Canada | 165,095 | 0.5% | [19] |
Notable Haitian Canadians
[edit]Culture
[edit]Noted representations of Haitian Canadian culture have included the novels of Dany Laferrière, and the television comedy series Lakay Nou.[20]
See also
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- Canada–Haiti relations
- Haitian Americans
- Haitian diaspora
- Haitians in Montreal
- Black Canadians in Montreal
- Roxham Road, unofficial border crossing used irregularly by many Haitians temporarily in the U.S. to seek asylum in Canada during 2017
References
[edit]- ↑ Statistics Canada (8 February 2023). "Census Profile, 2021 Census (Canada [Country])". Retrieved 8 February 2023.
- ↑ Statistics Canada (29 November 2017). "Census Profile, 2016 Census (Quebec [Province])". Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Jadotte, Herard (June 1977). "Haitian Immigration to Quebec". Journal of Black Studies. 7 (4): 485–500. doi:10.1177/002193477700700407. JSTOR 2783949. S2CID 145587518.
- ↑ Thérien, Jean-Phillipe; Mace, Gordon (Summer 2013). "Identity and Foreign Polity: Canada as a Nation of the Americas". Latin American Politics and Society. 55 (2): 150–168. doi:10.1111/j.1548-2456.2013.00197.x. JSTOR 43286320. S2CID 153604432.
- ↑ "Facts and figures 2011 – Immigration overview: Permanent and temporary residents". Citizenship and Immigration Canada. Archived from the original on 30 December 2012.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Quebec, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Ontario, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Alberta, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), British Columbia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nova Scotia, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), New Brunswick, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Manitoba, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Saskatchewan, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Prince Edward Island, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Newfoundland and Labrador, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Northwest Territories, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Nunavut, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Ethnic Origin, both sexes, age (total), Yukon, 2016 Census – 25% Sample data". Canada 2016 Census. Statistics Canada. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2020.
- ↑ "Immigration and Ethnocultural Diversity Highlight Tables". statcan.gc.ca. 25 October 2017.
- ↑ Chantal Guy, "Une famille bien de chez nous". La Presse, January 22, 2024.
External links
[edit]- The Haitian Community in Canada
- Multicultural Canada: Haitians[link removed]
- Haitian Consulate General in Montreal
- Montreal International Haitian Film Festival
- Quebec Government Portal: Relations with Haiti
- Article on Haitian immigration to Quebec
| By ethnic or national origin |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Canadian settlement | ||
