-ra

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ra"

Basque

Alternative forms

-era (after consonants)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ra/ [ra]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -a
Hyphenation: -ra

Suffix

-ra

Allative singular suffix.
‎ibai (“river”) + ‎-ra → ‎ibaira (“to the river”)
[with verbal noun] in order to

Declension

Basque inflectional suffixes
		indefinite	singular	plural	proximal plural
absolutive		-∅	-a	-ak	-ok
ergative		-(e)k	-ak	-ek	-ok
dative		-(r)i	-ari	-ei	-oi
genitive		-(r)en	-aren	-en	-on
comitative		-(r)ekin	-arekin	-ekin	-okin
causative		-(r)engatik	-arengatik	-engatik	-ongatik
benefactive		-(r)entzat	-arentzat	-entzat	-ontzat
instrumental		-(e)z	-az	-ez	-oz
inessive	anim	-(r)engan	-arengan	-engan	-ongan
inessive	inan	-(e)tan	-an	-etan	-otan
locative	anim	―	―	―	―
locative	inan	-(e)tako	-(e)ko	-etako	-otako
allative	anim	-(r)engana	-arengana	-engana	-ongana
allative	inan	-(e)tara	-(e)ra	-etara	-otara
terminative	anim	-(r)enganaino	-arenganaino	-enganaino	-onganaino
terminative	inan	-(e)taraino	-(e)raino	-etaraino	-otaraino
directive	anim	-(r)enganantz	-arenganantz	-enganantz	-onganantz
directive	inan	-(e)tarantz	-(e)rantz	-etarantz	-otarantz
destinative	anim	-(r)enganako	-arenganako	-enganako	-onganako
destinative	inan	-(e)tarako	-(e)rako	-etarako	-otarako
ablative	anim	-(r)engandik	-arengandik	-engandik	-ongandik
ablative	inan	-(e)tatik	-(e)tik	-etik	-otik
partitive		-(r)ik	―	―	―
prolative		-tzat	―	―	―

Derived terms

Basque terms suffixed with -ra

References

R. L. Trask (2008), “-ra”, in Max W. Wheeler, editor, Etymological Dictionary of Basque, University of Sussex, page 334

Chungli Ao

Suffix

-ra

Conditional marker on verbs: if
Synonym: -rabang

Darumbal

Suffix

-ra

Used to form the locative form of nouns ending in ⟨l⟩

References

Angela Terrill (2002), Dharumbal: the language of Rockhampton, Australia (Pacific Linguistics; 525)‎^[1], Canberra: Australian National University Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, →ISBN, page 32.

Finnish

Alternative forms

-r

Etymology

From Proto-Finnic *-ra, from Proto-Finno-Ugric [Term?].

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /-rɑ/, [-rɑ̝]

Suffix

-ra (front-vowel variant -rä, linguistic notation -rA)

Forms nouns or adjectives, mostly from nominal stems.

Derived terms

French

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʁa/
Hyphenation: -ra

Suffix

-ra

third-person singular future of -re

Garo

Suffix

-ra

used to make suggestions
Iara?
What about this?

Hungarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [rɒ]
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -ɒ
Hyphenation: -ra

Suffix

-ra/-re (sublative case suffix)

(of place) onto, on
asztal (“table”) → Tedd az asztalra. ― Put it on the table.
(of time) for, by
pillanat (“moment”) → egy pillanatra ― for a moment

szerda (“Wednesday”) → Kész lesz szerdára? ― Will it be ready by Wednesday?

Usage notes

(sublative case suffix) Variants:
-ra is added to back-vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
pad (“bench”) → Leültem egy padra. ― I sat down on a bench.

alma (“apple”) → Allergiás vagyok az almára. ― I am allergic to apples.

-re is added to front-vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
szék (“chair”) → Leültem egy székre. ― I sat down on a chair.

béke (“peace”) → Mindenki békére vágyik. ― Everyone longs for peace.

Hungarian case suffixes
case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	front vowel
case	back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú	unrounded e, é, i, í	rounded ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative	—
accusative	-t
accusative	-ot / -at	-et	-öt
dative	-nak	-nek
instrumental	-val	-vel
causal-final	-ért
translative	-vá	-vé
terminative	-ig
essive-formal	-ként¹
essive-modal	-ul	-ül
inessive	-ban	-ben
superessive	-n
superessive	-on	-en	-ön
adessive	-nál	-nél
illative	-ba	-be
sublative	-ra	-re
allative	-hoz	-hez	-höz
elative	-ból	-ből
delative	-ról	-ről
ablative	-tól	-től

¹ Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except before -ként.
alma — almában, but almaként
zene ― zenében, but zeneként

Irish

Alternative forms

-radh (obsolete)

Etymology

From Old Irish -rad.

Suffix

-ra m

Collective suffix, attached to nouns or adjectives, used to form nouns: -ry, -y
‎milseog (“dessert”) + ‎-ra → ‎milseogra (“confectionery”)

‎glas (“green”) + ‎-ra → ‎glasra (“vegetable; originally “greenery”)

Declension

Declension of -ra (fourth declension)

bare forms
	singular	plural
nominative	-ra	-raí
vocative	a -ra	a -raí
genitive	-ra	-raí
dative	-ra	-raí

forms with the definite article
	singular	plural
nominative	an -ra	na -raí
genitive	an -ra	na -raí
dative	leis an -ra don -ra	leis na -raí

Derived terms

Japanese

Romanization

-ra

Rōmaji transcription of ら

Mayo

Suffix

-ra

Suffix forming adjectives from nouns.
‎cobba (“head”) + ‎-ra → ‎cóbaꞌara (“big-headed”)

Derived terms

Mayo terms suffixed with -ra

References

Collard, Howard; Collard, Elisabeth Scott (1984), Castellano-mayo, mayo-castellano (Serie de vocabularios y diccionarios indígenas Mariano Silva y Aceves; 6)‎^[2] (in Spanish), third edition, México, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 203

Murui Huitoto

Etymology

From raa (“thing”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [-ɾa]
Hyphenation: -ra

Classifier

-ra

Classifier for inanimate objects.

Derived terms

Murui Huitoto terms suffixed with -ra

References

Shirley Burtch (1983), Diccionario Huitoto Murui (Tomo I) (Linguistica Peruana No. 20)‎^[3] (in Spanish), Yarinacocha, Peru: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano, page 208
Katarzyna Izabela Wojtylak (2017), A grammar of Murui (Bue): a Witotoan language of Northwest Amazonia.‎^[4], Townsville: James Cook University press (PhD thesis), page 83

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

-re

Etymology

From Old Norse -ra (“iterative verb suffix”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾɑ/, /ʁɑ/

Suffix

-ra

(no longer productive) Used to form iterative verbs from other verbs
‎blaka (“to flutter”) + ‎-ra → ‎blakra (“to flutter strongly or uneasily”)

‎pista (“to squeak”) + ‎-ra → ‎pistra (“to squeak (repeatedly)”)

‎gnu (“to rub”) + ‎-ra → ‎gnura (“to scrub”)

Derived terms

Norwegian Nynorsk terms suffixed with -ra

References

“%ra”, in Norsk Ordbok: Ordbok over det Norske Folkemålet og det Nynorske Skriftmålet (in Norwegian Nynorsk), Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget, 1950–2016, →ISBN.

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /rɑ/
Hyphenation: -ra

Etymology 1

From Proto-West Germanic *-iʀō, *-ōʀō, from Proto-Germanic *-izô or Proto-Germanic *-ōzô.

Suffix

-ra (comparative adjective inflectional suffix)

forms the comparative degree of adjectives
‎strang (“strong”) + ‎-ra → ‎strengra (“stronger”)

Declension

Declension of -ra — Weak only

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ra	-re	-re
Accusative	-ran	-ran	-re
Genitive	-ran	-ran	-ran
Dative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Instrumental	-ran	-ran	-ran
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Accusative	-ran	-ran	-ran
Genitive	-ra, -rena	-ra, -rena	-ra, -rena
Dative	-rum	-rum	-rum
Instrumental	-rum	-rum	-rum

Descendants

Middle English: -ere, -er, -ore, -re
- English: -er
- Middle Scots: -ar, -ir
  - Scots: -er

Etymology 2

Suffix

-ra (adjective inflectional suffix)

marks the genitive plural of adjectives
‎strang (“strong”) + ‎-ra → ‎strangra (“of the strong (ones)”)

Slovak

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Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ra/, [ra]

Suffix

-ra f

nominal suffix

Usage notes

This suffix is only used for one word: kostra, hence the genitive plural form -or, the dative plural form -ram and the locative plural form -rach are hypothetical.

Declension

Declension of *-ra*
	singular	plural
nominative	-ra	-ry
genitive	-ry	-ier, -or
dative	-re	-rám, -ram
accusative	-ru	-ry
locative	-re	-rách, -rach
instrumental	-rou	-rami

Derived terms

Category Slovak terms suffixed with -ra not found

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin -eram.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɾa/ [ˈɾa]
Syllabification: -ra

Suffix

-ra

first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive

case	suffix	who?	what?	this	that	he/she (it)¹	verbal prefix	category
nominative	–	ki	mi	ez	az	ő* / ∅ az / ∅	–	–
accusative	-t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt	kit	mit	ezt	azt	őt* / ∅ azt / ∅	–	c₁ c₂
dative	-nak / -nek	kinek	minek	ennek	annak	neki	neki-	category
instrumental	-val / -vel	kivel	mivel	ezzel/ evvel	azzal/ avval	vele		category
causal-final	-ért	kiért	miért	ezért	azért	érte	–	category
translative	-vá / -vé	kivé	mivé	ezzé	azzá	–	–	category
terminative	-ig	–	meddig	eddig	addig	–	–	category
essive-formal	-ként	(kiként)	(miként)	ekként	akként	–	–	category
essive-modal	-ul / -ül	–	–	–	–	–	–	category
inessive	-ban / -ben	kiben	miben	ebben	abban	benne	–	category
superessive	-n/-on/-en/-ön	kin	min	ezen	azon	rajta	(rajta-)	category
adessive	-nál / -nél	kinél	minél	ennél	annál	nála	–	category
illative	-ba / -be	kibe	mibe	ebbe	abba	bele	bele-	category
sublative	-ra / -re	kire	mire	erre	arra	rá	rá-	category
allative	-hoz/-hez/-höz	kihez	mihez	ehhez	ahhoz	hozzá	hozzá-	category
elative	-ból / -ből	kiből	miből	ebből	abból	belőle	–	category
delative	-ról / -ről	kiről	miről	erről	arról	róla	–	category
ablative	-tól / -től	kitől	mitől	ettől	attól	tőle	–	category

Basque

Alternative forms

Pronunciation

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

References

Chungli Ao

Suffix

Further reading

Darumbal

Suffix

References

Finnish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

Further reading

French

Pronunciation

Suffix

Garo

Suffix

Hungarian

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

See also

Irish

Alternative forms

Etymology

Suffix

Declension

Derived terms

Japanese

Romanization

Mayo

Suffix

Derived terms

References

Murui Huitoto

Etymology

Pronunciation

Classifier

Derived terms

References

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix

Derived terms

See also

References

Old English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Suffix

Declension

Descendants

Etymology 2

Suffix

Slovak

Pronunciation

Suffix

Usage notes

Declension

Derived terms

Spanish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Suffix