ऋत

See also: ऋतु

Hindi

Etymology

From Sanskrit ऋत (ṛta).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɾɪt̪/

Noun

ऋत • (ŕt) m

1. (Hinduism) truth, righteousness

References

• Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975), “ऋत”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. “Sea of Hindi words”] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha, page 663
• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “ऋत”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press, page 139
• Caturvedi, Mahendra; Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970), “ऋत”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House, page 100

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• ঋত (Assamese script)
• ᬋᬢ (Balinese script)
• ঋত (Bengali script)
• 𑰆𑰝 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀋𑀢 (Brahmi script)
• ၒတ (Burmese script)
• ઋત (Gujarati script)
• ਰਤ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌋𑌤 (Grantha script)
• ꦉꦠ (Javanese script)
• 𑂩𑂱𑂞 (Kaithi script)
• ಋತ (Kannada script)
• ឫត (Khmer script)
• ຣິຕ (Lao script)
• ഋത (Malayalam script)
• ᡵᡳᢠᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘆𑘝 (Modi script)
• ᠷᠢᢐᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦦𑦽 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐆𑐟 (Newa script)
• ଋତ (Odia script)
• ꢈꢡ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆉𑆠 (Sharada script)
• 𑖆𑖝 (Siddham script)
• ඍත (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩐𑩙𑩫 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚙 (Takri script)
• ரித (Tamil script)
• ఋత (Telugu script)
• ฤต (Thai script)
• རྀ་ཏ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒇𑒞 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨫𑨉𑨙 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás

Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥tás

Sanskrit ऋ॒त

Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *Hr̥tás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥tás (“truth”) (whence Avestan 𐬀𐬴𐬀 (aṣ̌a, “truth”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂r̥-tós, from *h₂er- (“to fit; fix; put together”).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /r̩.tɐ́/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /r̩.t̪ɐ/

Adjective

ऋ॒त • (ṛtá) stem

1. proper, right, fit, apt, suitable, able, brave, honest
2. true
3. (+ instrumental) met with, afflicted by (TS.)
4. worshipped, respected (L.)
5. enlightened, luminous (L.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of ऋ॒त

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ऋ॒तः (ṛtáḥ)	ऋ॒तौ (ṛtáu) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹)	ऋ॒ताः (ṛtā́ḥ) ऋ॒तासः॑¹ (ṛtā́saḥ¹)
accusative	ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám)	ऋ॒तौ (ṛtáu) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹)	ऋ॒तान् (ṛtā́n)
instrumental	ऋ॒तेन॑ (ṛténa)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तैः (ṛtáiḥ) ऋ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹)
dative	ऋ॒ताय॑ (ṛtā́ya)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ)
ablative	ऋ॒तात् (ṛtā́t)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ)
genitive	ऋ॒तस्य॑ (ṛtásya)	ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ)	ऋ॒ताना॑म् (ṛtā́nām)
locative	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ)	ऋ॒तेषु॑ (ṛtéṣu)
vocative	ऋत॑ (ṛ́ta)	ऋतौ॑ (ṛ́tau) ऋता॑¹ (ṛ́tā¹)	ऋताः॑ (ṛ́tāḥ) ऋता॑सः¹ (ṛ́tāsaḥ¹)

• ¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of ऋ॒ता

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ऋ॒ता (ṛtā́)	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒ताः (ṛtā́ḥ)
accusative	ऋ॒ताम् (ṛtā́m)	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒ताः (ṛtā́ḥ)
instrumental	ऋ॒तया॑ (ṛtáyā) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒ताभिः॑ (ṛtā́bhiḥ)
dative	ऋ॒तायै॑ (ṛtā́yai)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒ताभ्यः॑ (ṛtā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	ऋ॒तायाः॑ (ṛtā́yāḥ) ऋ॒तायै॑² (ṛtā́yai²)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒ताभ्यः॑ (ṛtā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	ऋ॒तायाः॑ (ṛtā́yāḥ) ऋ॒तायै॑² (ṛtā́yai²)	ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ)	ऋ॒ताना॑म् (ṛtā́nām)
locative	ऋ॒ताया॑म् (ṛtā́yām)	ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ)	ऋ॒तासु॑ (ṛtā́su)
vocative	ऋते॑ (ṛ́te)	ऋते॑ (ṛ́te)	ऋताः॑ (ṛ́tāḥ)

• ¹Vedic
• ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of ऋ॒त

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám)	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒तानि॑ (ṛtā́ni) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹)
accusative	ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám)	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒तानि॑ (ṛtā́ni) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹)
instrumental	ऋ॒तेन॑ (ṛténa)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तैः (ṛtáiḥ) ऋ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹)
dative	ऋ॒ताय॑ (ṛtā́ya)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ)
ablative	ऋ॒तात् (ṛtā́t)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ)
genitive	ऋ॒तस्य॑ (ṛtásya)	ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ)	ऋ॒ताना॑म् (ṛtā́nām)
locative	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ)	ऋ॒तेषु॑ (ṛtéṣu)
vocative	ऋत॑ (ṛ́ta)	ऋते॑ (ṛ́te)	ऋता॑नि (ṛ́tāni) ऋता॑¹ (ṛ́tā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Derived terms

• ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám, “right, duly, properly, expressly, very”, adverb)
• ऋ॒तेन॑ (ṛténa, “right, duly, properly, regularly, lawfully, according to usage or right; truly, sincerely, indeed”, adverb)

Proper noun

ऋ॒त • (ṛtá) stem, m

1. name of a रुद्र (Rudra)
2. name of a son of मनु चाक्षुष (Manu Cākṣuṣa)
3. name of a son of विजय (Vijaya)

Noun

ऋ॒त • (ṛtá) stem, n

1. fixed or settled order, law, rule (especially in religion)
2. sacred or pious action or custom, divine law, faith, divine truth
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 10.108.11:

     दू॒रमि॑त पणयो॒ वरी॑य॒ उद्गावो॑ यन्तु मिन॒तीर्ऋ॒तेन॑।
     बृह॒स्पति॒र्या अवि॑न्द॒न्निगू॑ळ्हाः॒ सोमो॒ ग्रावा॑ण॒ ऋष॑यश्च॒ विप्राः॑॥

     dūrámita paṇayo várīya údgā́vo yantu minatī́rṛténa.
     bṛ́haspátiryā́ ávindannígūḷhāḥ sómo grā́vāṇa ṛ́ṣayaśca víprāḥ.

     Hence, far away, ye Panis! Let the cattle lowing come forth as holy Law commandeth,
     Kine which Brihaspati, and Soma, Ṛsis, sages, and pressing-stones have found when hidden.

3. truth in general, righteousness, right
   • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 8.25.4:

     म॒हान्ता॑ मि॒त्रावरु॑णा स॒म्राजा॑ दे॒वावसु॑रा।
     ऋ॒तावा॑नाव्ऋ॒तम्आ घो॑षतो बृ॒हत्॥

     mahā́ntā mitrā́váruṇā samrā́jā devā́vásurā.
     ṛtā́vānāvṛtámā́ ghoṣato bṛhát.

     Great Mitra and Varuṇa, sovereign kings, gods and spirits truth-possessing, loudly sound their lofty truth.

4. figuratively said of gleaning (as the right means of a Brahman's obtaining a livelihood as opposed to agriculture, which is अनृत (anṛta))
5. promise, oath, vow
6. truth personified (as an object of worship, and hence enumerated among the sacred objects in the Nir.)
7. water
8. sacrifice
9. a particular sacrifice
10. sun
11. wealth

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of ऋ॒त

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám)	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒तानि॑ (ṛtā́ni) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹)
accusative	ऋ॒तम् (ṛtám)	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒तानि॑ (ṛtā́ni) ऋ॒ता¹ (ṛtā́¹)
instrumental	ऋ॒तेन॑ (ṛténa)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तैः (ṛtáiḥ) ऋ॒तेभिः॑¹ (ṛtébhiḥ¹)
dative	ऋ॒ताय॑ (ṛtā́ya)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ)
ablative	ऋ॒तात् (ṛtā́t)	ऋ॒ताभ्या॑म् (ṛtā́bhyām)	ऋ॒तेभ्यः॑ (ṛtébhyaḥ)
genitive	ऋ॒तस्य॑ (ṛtásya)	ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ)	ऋ॒ताना॑म् (ṛtā́nām)
locative	ऋ॒ते (ṛté)	ऋ॒तयोः॑ (ṛtáyoḥ)	ऋ॒तेषु॑ (ṛtéṣu)
vocative	ऋत॑ (ṛ́ta)	ऋते॑ (ṛ́te)	ऋता॑नि (ṛ́tāni) ऋता॑¹ (ṛ́tā¹)

• ¹Vedic

Descendants

• Dardic:
  • Kashmiri:

    Sharada script: 𑆫𑆶𑆠 (rut)

    Devanagari script: रुत (rut)

    Arabic script: رُت (rut)

References

• Monier Williams (1899), “Ṛitá”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 223, column 2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “ṛtá-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 254-5