Aaron Beck
Aaron Temkin Beck (18 ga Yuli, 1921 - 1 ga Nuwamba, 2021) ya kasance likitan kwakwalwa na Amurka wanda ya kasance farfesa a sashen ilimin kwakwalwa a Jami'ar Pennsylvania . – An dauke shi a matsayin mahaifin maganin fahimta [1] [2] da kuma maganin halayyar fahimta (CBT). [3] Ana amfani da hanyoyinsa na farko a cikin maganin baƙin ciki na asibiti da cututtukan damuwa daban-daban. Beck kuma ya haɓaka Matakan bayar da rahoto na kansa don baƙin ciki da damuwa, musamman Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), wanda ya zama ɗaya daga cikin kayan aikin da aka fi amfani da su don auna tsananin baƙin ciki.[4] A shekara ta 1994 shi da 'yarsa, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Judith S. Beck, sun kafa Cibiyar Beck mai zaman kanta don Magungunan Halin Halin Halitta, wanda ke ba da magani da horo na CBT, da kuma bincike. Beck ya yi aiki a matsayin Shugaba Emeritus na kungiyar har zuwa mutuwarsa.
An san Beck da rubuce-rubucensa game da maganin kwakwalwa, ilimin kwakwalwa, kashe kansa, da kuma ilimin kwakwalwa. Ya wallafa fiye da 600 ƙwararrun labaran mujallu, kuma ya rubuta ko kuma ya hada hannu da littattafai 25.[5] An kira shi daya daga cikin "Amurkawa a tarihi wanda ya tsara fuskar ilimin halayyar dan adam ta Amurka", kuma daya daga cikin ""masu ilimin halayya guda biyar da suka fi tasiri a kowane lokaci" ta hanyar The American Psychologist a watan Yulin 1989. [6]
Rayuwa ta farko da ilimi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An haifi Aaron Temkin Beck a Providence, Rhode Island, a ranar 18 ga Yuli, 1921. Shi ne ƙarami a cikin yara huɗu da Elizabeth Temkin da Harry Beck suka haifa, baƙi Yahudawa daga Ukraine.[7] Harry ya yi aiki a matsayin mai buga littattafai kuma dangin Elizabeth sun sami nasarar kudi a cikin sayar da taba; dangin sun kasance daga cikin masu motsawa na gaba na al'ummar baƙi na Gabashin Turai na Providence. A lokacin haihuwar Haruna, Temkin-Becks sun rayu cikin "kyakkyawan, salon rayuwa na matsakaicin matsakaici" kuma suna cikin aiwatar da kafa tushe a Gabashin Gabashin Gabas. A cikin 1923, lokacin da Haruna yake da shekaru biyu, iyalin suka sayi gida a 43/41 Sessions Street a unguwar Blackstone ta birnin.[8]
Beck ya halarci makarantar John Howland Grammar School, Nathan Bishop Junior High, da Hope Street High School, inda ya kammala karatu a matsayin mai ba da jawabi a 1938. Yayinda yake matashi, Beck ya yi mafarki na zama ɗan jarida.[8] Beck ya yi karatu a Jami'ar Brown, inda ya kammala digiri na biyu a shekarar 1942. A Brown, an zabe shi memba na Phi Beta Kappa society, ya kasance mataimakin edita na The Brown Daily Herald, kuma ya sami kyautar Francis Wayland Scholarship, William Gaston Prize for Excellence in Oratory, da Philo Sherman Bennett Essay Award . Beck ya halarci Makarantar Kiwon Lafiya ta Yale, yana shirin zama mai ba da horo kuma yin aiki a cikin aikin sirri a Providence. Ya kammala karatu daga Yale tare da Dokta na Medicine a shekara ta 1946. [9]
Ayyuka
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Bayan ya sami MD, Beck ya kammala zama na watanni shida a fannin cututtuka a Asibitin Rhode Island da kuma zama na shekaru uku a fannin neurology a asibitan Cushing Veterans Administration a Framingham, Massachusetts. A wannan lokacin, Beck ya fara ƙwarewa a cikin ilimin jijiyoyi, wanda aka ruwaito yana son daidaito na hanyoyinsa.[9] Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin mazauna ilimin hauka, an umurce shi da ya yi juyawa na watanni shida a wannan fagen, kuma ya shiga cikin psychoanalysis, duk da taka tsantsan farko.[9]
Bayan kammala karatunsa na likita da zama daga 1946 zuwa 1950, Beck ya zama ɗan'uwa a cikin ilimin hauka a Cibiyar Austen Riggs, asibitin mahaukaci mai zaman kansa a cikin duwatsun Stockbridge, Massachusetts, har zuwa 1952. [10] A wannan lokacin, cibiyar ilimin halayyar kai ce tare da haɗin gwiwa mai ban mamaki tsakanin likitocin halayyar dan adam da masu ilimin halayya, gami da David Rapaport.[11]
Beck daga nan ya kammala aikin soja a matsayin mataimakin shugaban neuropsychiatry a asibitin Valley Forge Army a Sojojin Amurka. [12]
Penn psychiatry
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Beck daga nan ya shiga Sashen Kula da Lafiya a Jami'ar Pennsylvania a shekara ta 1954. [13][14] Shugaban sashen shine Kenneth Ellmaker Appel, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam wanda ya kasance shugaban kungiyar American Psychiatric Association, wanda kokarinsa na fadada kasancewar da alakar ilimin halayya yana da babban tasiri ga aikin Beck.[15][16] A lokaci guda, Beck ya fara horo na yau da kullun a cikin psychoanalysis a Cibiyar Philadelphia ta Ƙungiyar Psychoanalytic ta Amurka. [14][17]
Abokin aiki mafi kusa da Beck shine Marvin Stein, aboki tun lokacin da suke asibitin sojoji wanda Beck ya nemi shi saboda tsananin kimiyya a cikin ilimin halayyar mutum.[1] Binciken farko na Beck ya kasance tare da Leon J. Saul, masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam wanda aka sani da hanyoyin da ba a saba gani ba kamar magani ta tarho ko saita aikin gida, wanda ya haɓaka tambayoyin kaya don ƙididdige hanyoyin son kai a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin mafarki (wanda mai mafarki zai iya bayar da rahoton kai tsaye). Beck da dalibi na digiri sun kirkiro sabon kayan da suka yi amfani da su don tantance ƙiyayya ta "masochistic" a cikin mafarkai, wanda aka buga a shekarar 1959.[2] Wannan binciken ya sami jigogi na asarar da ƙin yarda da ke da alaƙa da baƙin ciki, maimakon juyawa ƙiyayya kamar yadda aka annabta ta hanyar psychoanalysis.[1] Ci gaba da aikin tare da kudade daga Cibiyar Kula da Lafiya ta Kasa, Beck ya zo da abin da zai kira Beck Depression Inventory, wanda ya buga a 1961 kuma nan da nan ya fara kasuwa, ba tare da goyon bayan Appel ba.[1] A wani gwaji, ya gano cewa marasa lafiya masu baƙin ciki sun nemi ƙarfafawa ko ingantawa bayan rashin amincewa, maimakon neman wahala da gazawar kamar yadda ka'idar Freudian ta yi hasashen.[3]
A cikin shekarun 1950, Beck ya bi ka'idodin psychoanalytic na sashen yayin da yake bin gwaji da kuma riƙe shakku na sirri.[18] A cikin 1961, duk da haka, jayayya game da wanda za a nada sabon kujera na ilimin halayyar dan adam - musamman, tsananin adawa da ilimin halayya ga zaɓin da aka fi so na mai binciken ilimin halayye Eli Robins - ya kawo al'amuran zuwa gaba, rikici na farko a cikin canjin iko daga psychoanalysis a cikin ƙasa.[18] Beck ya yi ƙoƙari ya kasance tsaka-tsaki kuma, tare da Albert J. Stunkard, ya yi tsayayya da takardar neman izinin toshe Robins.[18] Stunkard, masanin halayyar da ya kware a cikin kiba kuma wanda ya fice daga horo na psychoanalytic, daga ƙarshe an nada shi shugaban sashen a fuskar adawa mai ɗorewa wanda kuma Beck ba zai shiga ba, yana sanya shi cikin mummunan matsala tare da abokinsa Stein.[18]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "Grawemeyer". - ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs named "heinzawards". - ↑ Beck, Judith S.; Fleming, Sarah (June 18, 2021). "A Brief History of Aaron T. Beck, MD, and Cognitive Behavior Therapy". Clinical Psychology in Europe (in Turanci). 3 (2). doi:10.32872/cpe.6701. ISSN 2625-3410. PMC 9667129 Check
|pmc=value (help). PMID 36397957 Check|pmid=value (help). S2CID 237383023 Check|s2cid=value (help). - ↑ Beck, A.T.; Ward, C.H.; Mendelson, M.; Mock, J.; Erbaugh, J. (June 1961). "An inventory for measuring depression". Archives of General Psychiatry. 4 (6): 561–571. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004. PMID 13688369. S2CID 40145105.
- ↑ "Department of Psychiatry: Aaron T. Beck, M.D." September 14, 2017. Archived from the original on September 14, 2017. Retrieved March 19, 2018.
- ↑ Talbott, J.A. (2002). "Dix Personalité Qui Ont Changé le Visage de la Psychiatric Américaine". L'Information Psychiatrique. 78 (7): 667–675.
- ↑ Marks, Jon (October 18, 2017). "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Expert Aaron Beck Going Strong at 96". Jewish Exponent.
- 1 2 Rosner, Rachael I. (November 2016). "Aaron T. Beck, the "Golden Ghetto" of Providence, and Cognitive Therapy" (PDF). Rhode Island Jewish Historical Association. 17 #2.
- 1 2 3 Smith, Daniel B. (Autumn 2009). "The doctor is in". The American Scholar. Phi Beta Kappa Society. Retrieved July 29, 2016.
- ↑ Beck, Aaron T. (2019). "A 60-Year Evolution of Cognitive Theory and Therapy". Perspectives on Psychological Science. Sage Journals. 14 (1): 16–20. doi:10.1177/1745691618804187. PMID 30799751. S2CID 73467073.
- ↑ Rosner, Rachael I. (2014). "The "Splendid Isolation" of Aaron T. Beck". Isis. JSTOR. 105 (4): 734–758. doi:10.1086/679421. JSTOR 10.1086/679421. PMID 25665381. S2CID 19112063.
- ↑ "ARCHIVAL COLLECTIONS - Aaron T. Beck, born 1921 - Papers, 1953 - 2000 - Archived copy". Archived from the original on January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 6, 2015.
- ↑ "Aaron T. Beck". Med.Upenn.edu. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
- 1 2 "Aaron T. Beck". Guilford. Retrieved November 1, 2021.
- ↑ "Kenneth E. Appel". WNYC. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
- ↑ "The Kenneth E. Appel Professorship of Psychiatry | Endowed Professorships | Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania". www.med.upenn.edu. Retrieved 2023-04-17.
- ↑ "Aaron T. Beck Obituary" (PDF). The Lancet. Retrieved March 28, 2023.
- 1 2 3 4 Rosner, RI (2014). "The "Splendid Isolation" of Aaron T. Beck". Isis. 105 (4): 734–58. doi:10.1086/679421. JSTOR 10.1086/679421. PMID 25665381. S2CID 19112063.
