Jean Arthur

Jean Arthur
Rayuwa
Cikakken suna	Gladys Georgianna Greene
Haihuwa	Plattsburgh (en) , 17 Oktoba 1900
ƙasa	Tarayyar Amurka
Mutuwa	Carmel-by-the-Sea (en) , 19 ga Yuni, 1991
Yanayin mutuwa	Sababi na ainihi (Gazawar zuciya)
Karatu
Harsuna	Turanci
Ɗalibai	view Meryl Streep
Sana'a
Sana'a	ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, university teacher (en) , stage actor (en) da dan wasan kwaikwayon talabijin
Employers	Vassar College (mul)
Kyaututtuka	gani star on Hollywood Walk of Fame  (8 ga Faburairu, 1960)
Ayyanawa daga	gani [[Academy Award for Best Actress (en) ]] (6 ga Faburairu, 1944) : [[The More the Merrier (en) ]]
Artistic movement	Western (en)
IMDb	nm0000795

Jean Arthur (an haife ta Gladys Georgianna Greene; 17 ga Oktoba, 1900 - 19 ga Yuni, 1991) 'yar fim ce ta Amurka kuma 'yar wasan kwaikwayo wacce aikinta ya fara a fina-finai masu shiru a farkon shekarun 1920 kuma ya kasance har zuwa farkon shekarun 1950. Arthur yana da matsayi a cikin fina-finai uku na Frank Capra: Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936) tare da Gary Cooper, You Can't Take It with You (1938) tare da James Stewart, da Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), kuma tare da Stewart. Wadannan fina-finai guda uku duk sun goyi bayan " jarumi na yau da kullun", wanda Arthur ya nuna. Ta kuma yi aiki tare da Cary Grant a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na kasada kawai Mala'iku suna da Wings (1939) da kuma wasan kwaikwayo na wasan kwaikwayo The Talk of the Town (1942). Ta fito a matsayin jagora a cikin fina-finai masu ban dariya masu cin nasara The Devil and Miss Jones (1941) da A Foreign Affair (1948), wanda ta fito tare da Marlene Dietrich . An zabi Arthur don lambar yabo ta Kwalejin don 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mafi kyau a shekarar 1944 don rawar da ta taka a cikin The More the Merrier (1943), wasan kwaikwayo wanda kuma Joel McCrea ta fito.

James Harvey ya rubuta a cikin tarihinsa na wasan kwaikwayo na soyayya: "Babu wanda aka fi ganewa da wasan kwaikwayo na screwball fiye da Jean Arthur. Ta kasance wani ɓangare na shi, ta kasance tauraruwar ta bayyana ta hanyarsa, cewa salon screwball kanta kusan ba za a iya tunaninsa ba tare da ita ba. "An kira ta "mafi mahimmancin mace mai ban dariya". Ayyukan fim dinta na karshe ba na ban dariya ba ne, suna wasa da matar mai gida a cikin Shane na George Stevens a 1953.

Kamar Greta Garbo, Arthur sananne ne a Hollywood saboda rashin amincewarta da talla; an kiyaye ta sosai game da sirrinta kuma ba ta sanya hannu kan takardun shaida ko kuma ba ta tambayoyi. LIFE da aka lura a cikin wata kasida a cikin fitowar 11 ga Maris 1940, "Bayan Garbo, Jean Arthur ita ce mace mai ban mamaki ta Hollywood. "Kazalika da komawa baya daga tambayoyin, bayan wani shekaru, ta guji masu daukar hoto kuma ta ki zama wani ɓangare na kowane irin talla.

Rayuwa ta farko

An haifi Arthur Gladys Georgianna Greene a Plattsburgh, New York, ga iyayensa Johanna Augusta Nelson da Hubert Sidney Greene . Kakannin mahaifiyar Gladys sun yi hijira daga Norway zuwa Yammacin Amurka bayan Yaƙin basasa. Kakanninta sun yi hijira daga Ingila zuwa Rhode Island a rabi na biyu na karni na 17. A cikin shekarun 1790, Nathaniel Greene ya taimaka wajen gano garin St. Albans, Vermont, inda aka haifi jikansa, Hubert Greene.

Samfurin yarinta, Arthur ya zauna a wasu lokuta a Saranac Lake, New York; Jacksonville, Florida, da Schenectady, New York. Iyalin sun zauna a Westbrook, Maine, daga 1908 zuwa 1915, yayin da mahaifin Arthur ya yi aiki a Lamson Studios a Portland. Komawa a 1915 zuwa Birnin New York, iyalin suka zauna a unguwar Manhattan" id="mwbg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Washington Heights na saman Manhattan.

Arthur ta bar makarantar sakandare a shekarunta na farko saboda "canji a yanayin iyali".

Ayyuka

Fim mara sauti

Tallace-tallace na Cameo Kirby daga 8 ga Yuli, 1923 Film DailyFim na yau da kullun

Fox Film Studios ta gano ta yayin da take yin samfurin kasuwanci a Birnin New York a farkon shekarun 1920, sabon mai suna Jean Arthur ya sauka kwangilar shekara guda kuma ya fara fitowa a fim din Cameo Kirby (1923), wanda John Ford ya jagoranta. An san ta da sunan ta daga manyan jarumai biyu, Joan na Arc (Jeanne d'Arc) da Sarki Arthur . Gidan wasan kwaikwayon yana neman sabbin masoya na Amurka tare da isasshen roƙon jima'i don sha'awar masu sauraron Jazz Age. An sake fasalin Arthur a matsayin irin wannan hali, flapper.

Tallace-tallace na Haikali na Venus daga Yuli 8, 1923 Film DailyFim na yau da kullun

Bayan karamin rawar da ta taka a cikin Cameo Kirby, ta sami rawar mata ta farko a cikin Haikali na Venus (1923), wani labari mara ma'ana game da ƙungiyar 'yan wasan rawa. Ba ta gamsu da rashin baiwar yin wasan kwaikwayo ba, darektan fim din, Henry Otto, ya maye gurbin Arthur da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo Mary Philbin a rana ta uku ta harbi. Arthur ya yarda da darektan: "Babu wani hasken wuta daga ciki. Ina aiki kamar halin yar tsana na inji. Na yi tunanin an kunyata ni da rai".

Arthur tana shirin barin masana'antar fina-finai ta California har abada, amma ba tare da son rai ba ta zauna saboda kwangilarta, kuma ta bayyana a cikin gajerun fina-fakkaatu, a maimakon haka. Duk da rashin baiwar da ake buƙata, Arthur yana son yin wasan kwaikwayo, wanda ta ɗauka a matsayin "ƙwarewa". Don samun wasu shahara, ta yi rajistar kanta a cikin kundin adireshin birnin Los Angeles a matsayin mai daukar hoto, tare da bayyana a cikin fim din gabatarwa don sabon gidan wasan dare na Encino, amma ba tare da amfani ba.

Canji ya zo ne lokacin da wata rana ta bayyana a cikin Hotunan Action, wanda ya samar da B Westerns, kuma ya burge mai shi, Lester F. Scott, Jr., tare da kasancewarta. Ya yanke shawarar yin amfani da dama a kan wani ba a sani ba, kuma an jefa ta a cikin Yammacin Turai sama da 20 a cikin shekaru biyu. Kawai samun $ 25 a hoto, Arthur ya sha wahala daga mawuyacin yanayin aiki: "An harbe fina-finai a wurin, sau da yawa a cikin hamada kusa da Los Angeles, a ƙarƙashin rana mai zafi wanda ya sa makogwaro ya zama fata da kuma kayan shafawa ya gudana. Ba a sami ruwa mai gudana a ko'ina ba, har ma da gidaje masu tsada a waɗannan fina-finen sau da yawa ainihin cowboys ne, maza masu tsananin waɗanda aka saba da su don tsoratar da shi kuma waɗanda ba su da amfani ga waɗanda ba su ba su ba.Fim din sun sami nasara a cikin gidajen wasan kwaikwayo na biyu na Midwestern, kodayake Arthur bai sami kulawa ta hukuma ba. Baya ga bayyana a fina-finai na Action Pictures tsakanin 1924 da 1926, ta yi aiki a wasu Yammacin Turai masu zaman kansu, ciki har da The Drug Store Cowboy (1925), da Yammacin Talauci Row, tare da samun wani ɓangare da ba a san shi ba a Buster Keaton's Seven Chances (1925) a matsayin mai karɓar bakuncin.

A shekara ta 1927, Arthur ta ja hankalin mutane lokacin da ta bayyana a gaban Mae Busch da Charles Delaney a matsayin yarinya mai suna golden-digging chorus a Husband Hunters . Daga baya, ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Monty Banks ne ya yi mata soyayya a cikin Horse Shoes (1927), duka cin nasara ce ta kasuwanci da kuma gagarumin nasara. An jefa ta ne a kan dagewar Banks, kuma ta sami albashi na $ 700. Bayan haka, darektan Richard Wallace ya yi watsi da sha'awar Fox na jefa wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai ƙwarewa ta hanyar sanya Arthur ga jagorancin mata a cikin The Poor Nut (1927), wasan kwaikwayo na kwaleji, wanda ya ba ta damar bayyanawa ga masu sauraro. Wani mai bita na Variety bai kare actress a cikin bita ba:

Tare da kowa a Hollywood yana alfahari game da yawan 'yan mata masu kyau duk suna bugawa a kan ƙofofin darektan da ke haifar da bayyanar a cikin hotuna, yana da ban mamaki cewa daga duk waɗannan ya kamata a zaɓi samfurori biyu masu laushi kamar Jean Arthur da Jane Winton. Babu ɗayan 'yan mata da ke da bayyanar allo. Ko da a karkashin kulawa mafi kyau daga kyamara, ba su da kyau kuma a cikin daya ko biyu gefe kusan ba zai yiwu ba.

Katin Lobby wanda ke nuna Jean Arthur da Richard Dix a Warming Up (1928)

Da yake ta gaji da hanyar da aikinta ke ɗauka, Arthur ta bayyana sha'awarta don babban hutu a cikin wata hira a lokacin. Ta kasance mai shakka lokacin da ta sanya hannu kan karamin rawa a Warming Up (1928), fim din da aka samar don babban ɗakin karatu, Famous Players-Lasky, kuma yana nuna babban tauraron Richard Dix . An inganta shi a matsayin fim din sauti na farko na ɗakin studio, ya sami kulawa ta kafofin watsa labarai, kuma Arthur ta sami yabo saboda hotonta na 'yar mai kulob din baseball. Variety ya ce, "Dix da Arthur suna da kyau duk da mummunan abu", yayin da Screenland ya rubuta cewa Arthur "yana daya daga cikin matasa masu kyau waɗanda suka taɓa yin fim din Dix. Jean tana da kyau; ba ta da kama ko kuma tana aiki kamar jarumi na fim na yau da kullun. Ita yarinya ce mai kyau - amma tana da lokacinta". Nasarar Warming Up ta haifar da sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru uku tare da ɗakin studio, nan da nan za a san shi da Paramount Pictures, a $ 150 a mako.

Canjin zuwa fim din sauti

Hoton taga don The Canary Murder Case (1929)

Tare da tasowa na talkies a ƙarshen 1920s, Arthur ya kasance daga cikin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo masu yawa na Paramount Pictures da farko ba sa son daidaitawa da fina-finai masu sauti. Bayan ta fahimci cewa sha'awar fina-finai na sauti ba wani lokaci ba ne, sai ta sadu da kocin sauti Roy Pomeroy. Muryarta ta musamman, mai cike da makogwaro - ban da wasu horo a Broadway a farkon shekarun 1930 - daga ƙarshe ya taimaka mata ta zama tauraro a cikin fina-finai, amma da farko ya hana daraktoci jefa ta cikin fina-filimu.   A cikin maganganunta na farko, wannan muryar "mai tsananin jini" har yanzu ta ɓace, kuma ko ba ta fito ba ko kuma ta ɓoye ta ba a san ta ba. Fim dinta na farko da ke magana shi ne The Canary Murder Case (1929), inda ta yi aiki tare da William Powell da Louise Brooks . Arthur ya burge 'yan kalilan ne kawai tare da fim din, kuma daga baya ya yi iƙirarin cewa a lokacin ta kasance "mace-mace mai matukar damuwa ... mai matukar damuwa don ingantawa, amma ... ba ta da kwarewa har zuwa horo na gaske. "

A farkon shekarun hotunan magana, an san Paramount da yin kwangila da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway tare da ƙwarewar murya da nassoshi masu ban sha'awa. Arthur ba ta cikin waɗannan 'yan wasan kwaikwayo ba, kuma ta yi gwagwarmaya don samun karbuwa a masana'antar fina-finai. Hadin gwiwarta da babban jami'in Paramount David O. Selznick - duk da dangantakarsa da Irene Mayer Selznick- ya kasance mai mahimmanci; an sanya ta a taswirar kuma an zaba ta a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin WAMPAS Baby Stars a 1929.   Bayan wani shiru B Western da ake kira Stairs of Sand (1929), ta sami wasu sanarwa masu kyau lokacin da ta taka rawar mata a cikin samar da The Mysterious Dr. Fu Manchu (1929). An ba Arthur ƙarin ayyukan talla, wanda ta gudanar, kodayake ba ta son yin hoto ga masu daukar hoto da ba da tambayoyi.

Hoton gabatarwa na Jean Arthur, Clara Bow, Jean Harlow, da Leone Lane don The Saturday Night Kid (1929)

Ta hanyar Selznick, Arthur ta sami "mafi kyawun rawar da ta taka har zuwa yau" a gaban sanannen alamar jima'i Clara Bow a cikin fim din sauti na farko The Saturday Night Kid (1929). Daga cikin mata biyu masu jagoranta, an yi tunanin Arthur yana da "mafi kyawun ɓangaren", kuma darektan Edward Sutherland ya yi iƙirarin, "Arthur yana da kyau sosai har dole ne mu yanke kuma mu yanke don hana ta sata hoton" daga Bow. Duk da yake wasu sun yi jayayya cewa Bow ya yi fushi da Arthur saboda samun "mafi kyawun bangare," Bow ya ƙarfafa Arthur ya yi amfani da samarwa. Arthur daga baya ya yaba da kwarewar aikinta tare da Bow: "[Bow] ya kasance mai karimci, babu girman kai ko wani abu. " Fim din ya kasance mai ban sha'awa a gare ni. " Fim din nasara ne mai matsakaici, kuma The New York Times ya rubuta cewa fim din zai kasance "ya zama na kowa, idan ba ga Jean Arthur ba, wanda ke taka rawar 'yar'uwa mai banƙyama da ƙwarewa sosai. "

Bayan rawar da ta taka a Half way to Heaven (1929) a gaban shahararren ɗan wasan kwaikwayo Charles "Buddy" Rogers (wanda Variety ya yi imanin cewa aikinta na iya zuwa wani wuri idan ta sami ƙarin roƙon jima'i), Selznick ta sanya ta ta ta yi wasa da matar William Powell a Street of Chance (1930). Ba ta burge darektan fim din ba, John Cromwell, wanda ya shawarci 'yar wasan kwaikwayo ta koma New York saboda ba za ta yi a Hollywood ba. A shekara ta 1930, dangantakarta da Selznick ta ƙare, wanda ya sa aikinta a Paramount ya ɓace. Bayan jerin "rashin rayuwa" a cikin fina-finai marasa kyau, ta fara fitowa a kan mataki a watan Disamba na shekara ta 1930 tare da rawar goyon baya a cikin Pasadena Playhouse na kwanaki 10 na Spring Song . Komawa a Hollywood, Arthur ta ga aikinta ya lalace, kuma ta canza gashin kanta a cikin ƙoƙari na bunkasa hotonta da kauce wa kwatanta da 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai nasara Mary Brian. Kokarinta bai biya ba; lokacin da kwangilarta ta shekaru uku a Paramount ta ƙare a tsakiyar 1931, an sake ta tare da sanarwar daga Paramount cewa shawarar ta kasance ne saboda matsalolin kudi da Babban Mawuyacin ya haifar.

Broadway

A ƙarshen 1931, Arthur ya koma Birnin New York, inda wakilin Broadway ya jefa Arthur a cikin gyare-gyaren Lysistrata, wanda aka buɗe a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Riviera a ranar 24 ga Janairu, 1932. Bayan 'yan watanni, ta fara fitowa a Broadway a cikin Harkokin Waje a gaban Dorothy Gish da Osgood Perkins . Kodayake wasan bai yi kyau ba kuma ya rufe bayan wasan kwaikwayo 23, masu sukar sun burge ta da aikinta a kan mataki. Daga bisani ta lashe jagorancin mata a cikin The Man Who Reclaimed His Head, wanda aka buɗe a ranar 8 ga Satumba, 1932, a gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Broadhurst don mafi yawan sanarwa ga Arthur; sake dubawa mara kyau ga wasan ya sa a dakatar da samarwa da sauri. Arthur ta koma California don bukukuwan, kuma ta bayyana a fim din RKO The Past of Mary Holmes (1933), fim dinta na farko a cikin shekaru biyu.

Komawa a Broadway, Arthur ya ci gaba da bayyana a cikin ƙananan wasan kwaikwayo waɗanda ba su da hankali sosai. Masu sukar, duk da haka, sun ci gaba da yabon ta a cikin sake dubawa. A wannan lokacin, Arthur ya haɓaka amincewa da aikinta na wasan kwaikwayo a karon farko. A kan bambancin da ke tsakanin fina-finai a Hollywood da wasan kwaikwayo a New York, Arthur ya yi sharhi:

Ba na tsammanin Hollywood shine wurin zama kai. Mutumin ya kamata ya sami kansa kafin ya zo Hollywood. A kan mataki na sami kaina a cikin duniya daban. Mutumin ya ƙidaya. Darakta ya ƙarfafa ni kuma na koyi yadda zan kasance kaina....Na koyi fuskantar masu sauraro da kuma manta da su. Don ganin fitilun ƙafa kuma kada a gan su; don auna halayen daruruwan mutane, kuma duk da haka don jefa kaina gaba ɗaya cikin rawar da ban manta da halayensu ba.

The Curtain Rises, wanda ya gudana daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba 1933, shine wasan kwaikwayo na farko na Broadway na Arthur wanda ta kasance cibiyar kulawa. Tare da ingantaccen resumen, ta koma Hollywood a ƙarshen 1933, kuma ta ƙi tayin kwangila da yawa har sai an nemi ta sadu da wani zartarwa daga Columbia Pictures. Columbia ta hayar da ita.

Hotunan Columbia

A lokacin samar da fasalin Columbia na farko, an ba ta kwangila na dogon lokaci wanda ya yi alkawarin kwanciyar hankali na kudi ga kanta da iyayenta. Ko da yake tana jinkirin barin aikinta na mataki, Arthur ta sanya hannu kan kwangilar shekaru biyar a ranar 14 ga Fabrairu, 1934.

Abubuwa biyu na farko na Jean Arthur don Columbia sun fito ne daga zane-zane na gidan wasan kwaikwayo, tauraron aiki Jack Holt. Holt yana da mabiya masu aminci tsakanin magoya baya da masu baje kolin, kuma shugaban Columbia Harry Cohn ya san cewa Arthur zai amfana daga fallasawa, da kuma aiki tare da tsohon soja Holt. Whirlpool ya jefa Holt mai tsananin damuwa a matsayin mai caca da aka yanke masa hukunci wanda ya sake haduwa da 'yar da bai taba gani ba. Arthur ya buga 'yar da gaskiya da tausayi, yayin da Holt ya nuna tausayi da tausayi da ba a taɓa gani ba a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na hannunsa biyu. The Hollywood Reporter ya lura, "Musamman abin da ya shafi kuma ya yi kyau shi ne abubuwan da [Holt] ke ciki tare da 'yarsa. Jean Arthur, da kuma darektan, Roy William Neill sun ba shi taimako mai kyau. Ba tare da nunawa ko jin dadi ba, waɗannan al'amuran suna da dabi'a, ingancin ɗan adam wanda ke ƙidaya".

Nasarar Arthur a cikin hotuna na Holt yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan hangen nesa na 'yar wasan kwaikwayo, a cewar Picture Play:

Dukan halinta ya canza, kuma daga wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo mai kyau amma babu wata iyawa mai ban mamaki da ta yi fure ta zama mai zane-zane na musamman, kuma nan gaba ce kawai za ta iya sanin yadda za ta tashi.[Ta] yanzu tana karɓar, daga Whirlpool kadai, amincewar cewa duk wata 'yar wasan kwaikwayo da ta fi ƙwarewa za ta iya ciyar da shekaru a cikin ginawa.

Fim dinta na gaba, Party Wire (1935), Public Hero No. 1 (1935), da If You Could Only Cook (1935), ba su dace da nasarar The Whole Town's Talking ba, amma dukansu sun kawo wa actress kyakkyawan bita. A cikin bita ga The New York Times, mai sukar Andre Sennwald ya yaba da aikin Arthur a cikin Jarumi na Jama'a No. 1, yana rubuta cewa "yana da sauya canji daga al'amuran yarinya kamar yadda Joseph Calleia ke cikin sashen kansa".Wani mai sukar ya rubuta game da rawar da ta taka a cikin If You Could Only Cook cewa " fitacciya ce yayin da ta yi tsalle ba tare da ƙoƙari ba daga mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha-hadar zuwa kyakkyawa mai ban shaʼawa".Tare da bayyanar da ta samu a yanzu zuwa shahara, Arthur ya sami damar cire yarjejeniya da yawa daga Harry Cohn, kamar rubutun da amincewar darektan da kuma haƙƙin yin fina-finai ga wasu ɗakunan karatu.

Tare da Gary Cooper a cikin Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936)

Canjin da ya faru a cikin aikin Arthur ya zo ne lokacin da Frank Capra ya zaba ta a cikin Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936). Capra ya gan ta a cikin gaggawa na yau da kullun daga fim din Whirlpool a cikin 1934 kuma ya shawo kan Cohn ya sanya mata hannu a fim dinsa na gaba, yana wasa da wata jarida mai tsananin gaske wacce ta fada cikin soyayya da wani dan kasar. Kodayake abokan aiki da yawa daga baya sun tuna cewa Arthur ya damu da matsanancin tsoro a lokacin samarwa, Mista Deeds ya sami yabo sosai kuma ya sa ta zama sananniyar duniya. A cikin 1936 kadai, ta sami $ 119,000, fiye da Shugaban Amurka da tauraron baseball Lou Gehrig sun haɗe.

Tare da shahara kuma ya zo da hankalin kafofin watsa labarai, wani abu da Arthur bai so sosai ba. Ba ta halarci kowane taron jama'a ba, kamar jam'iyyun da aka yi a Hollywood, kuma ta yi aiki da wahala lokacin da za ta yi aiki tare da mai tambayoyin. An kira ta Amurka Greta Garbo - wacce aka kuma san ta da rayuwarta ta warewa - kuma mujallar Movie Classic ta rubuta game da ita a 1937: "Tare da Garbo yana magana da ƙarfi a cikin tambayoyin, yana karɓar manema labarai har ma da maraba da damar da za ta ce a cikin bugawa na jama'a, dabino don ɓoyewa tsakanin taurarin allo yanzu yana zuwa Jean Arthur".

Gary Cooper a matsayin Wild Bill Hickok da Jean Arthur a matsayin Calamity Jane a cikin The Plainsman (1936)

Tare da James Stewart a cikin You Can't Take It with You (1938)

Tare da James Stewart a cikin Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939)

Fim din Arthur na gaba shi ne The Ex-Mrs . Tsoffin Uwargidan. Bradford (1936), a kan aro ga Hotunan RKO, inda ta yi fice a gaban William Powell a kan dagewarsa, kuma tana fatan yin hutu mai tsawo daga baya. Cohn, duk da haka, ya gaggauta ta cikin wasu shirye-shirye guda biyu, Adventure in Manhattan (1936) da More Than a Secretary (1936). Babu wani fim din da ya ja hankalin mutane sosai.

Bayan haka, kuma ba tare da tsayawa ba, an sake yin ta tare da Cooper, tana wasa da Calamity Jane a cikin Cecil B. DeMille's The Plainsman (1936) a wani rance, a wannan lokacin don Hotunan Paramount. Arthur, wanda shine zaɓi na biyu na De Mille bayan Mae West, ya bayyana Calamity Jane a matsayin rawar da ta fi so har zuwa yanzu.

Ta kasance mai karfi sosai a ofishin ta yanzu cewa ta kasance daya daga cikin 'yan wasan karshe hudu don rawar Scarlett O'Hara a Gone with the Wind (1939). Mai shirya fim din, David O. Selznick, ya ɗan soyayya da Arthur a ƙarshen shekarun 1920 lokacin da suke tare da Paramount. Arthur ya sake haɗuwa da darektan Frank Capra da Stewart don Mr. Smith Goes to Washington (1939), tare da Arthur ya sake jefawa a matsayin mace mai aiki, a wannan lokacin wanda ke koya wa Mista Smith hanyoyin Washington, DC. An ba Arthur karo na uku tare da Capra da Stewart a cikin It's a Wonderful Life (1946), tana taka rawar matar Stewart Mary (wanda daga ƙarshe ya tafi Donna Reed), amma ta ki taka rawar don halartar Kwalejin Stephens.

Arthur ya ci gaba da fitowa a fina-finai kamar Howard Hawks' Only Angels Have Wings (kuma 1939), tare da Cary Grant, The Talk of the Town (1942), wanda George Stevens ya jagoranta (tare da Cary grant da Ronald Colman, suna aiki tare a lokaci guda, a matsayin manyan maza biyu na Arthur), kuma ga Stevens a matsayin magatakarda na gwamnati a cikin The More the Merrier (1943), wanda aka zabi Arthur don Kyautar Kwalejin Kwalejin don Mafi Kyawun Actress (ya rasa Jennifer Jones don The Song of Bernadette). A sakamakon kasancewa cikin rikici tare da shugaban studio Harry Cohn, kuɗin da ta yi na The Talk of the Town (1942) ya kai $ 50,000 kawai, yayin da abokan aikinta na maza Grant da Colman suka sami sama da $ 100,000 kowannensu.

Ayyukansa na baya da ritaya

Tare da Alan Ladd a cikin Shane (1953)

Arthur ta sanar da ritayar ta lokacin da kwangilarta da Columbia Pictures ta kare a 1944. An ruwaito cewa ta gudu a titunan ɗakin studio, tana ihu "Ina da 'yanci, ina da' yanci!" A cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ta ƙi kusan duk tayin fim, ban da biyu sune Billy Wilder's A Foreign Affair (1948), inda ta taka rawar 'yar majalisa kuma abokin hamayyar Marlene Dietrich, kuma a matsayin matar mai gida a cikin classic Western Shane (1953), wanda ya zama babban ofishin akwatin aikinta. Wannan shi ne fim dinta na karshe, kuma fim din launi ne kawai wanda ta bayyana.

Ayyukan Arthur na bayan wasan kwaikwayo sun kasance masu saurin aiki, an ɗan rage su ta hanyar rashin jin daɗi da rashin jin daɗinsa game da aiki a cikin jama'a. Capra ta yi iƙirarin cewa ta yi amai a cikin ɗakinta tsakanin al'amuran, duk da haka ta fito a kowane lokaci don yin wani abu mara lahani. A cewar tarihin John Oller, Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew (1997), Arthur ya ci gaba da wani nau'in Tsoro na mataki wanda ke cike da cututtukan psychosomatic. Misali na farko shine a shekarar 1945, lokacin da aka jefa ta a matsayin jagora na wasan Yaron Kanin Born Yesterday . Rashin jin dadinta da rashin tsaro sun fice daga gare ta kuma ta bar samarwa kafin ta isa Broadway, ta buɗe ƙofar ga Judy Holliday da ba a sani ba a lokacin don ɗaukar bangare. Duk da haka, Arthur ya bayyana a matsayin Peter Pan a cikin wasan kwaikwayo na Broadway na 1950 Peter Pan .

Tare da Ron Harper da Leonard Stone a cikin The Jean Arthur Show (1966)

A shekara ta 1965, mai zaman kansa Arthur ya koma nuna kasuwanci don ya fito a cikin wani labari na Gunsmoke, a matsayin Julie Blane a cikin kakar 10, episode 24 na "Yaron Alhamis". A shekara ta 1966, ta ɗauki matsayin Patricia Marshall, lauya, a cikin gidan talabijin nata, The Jean Arthur Show, wanda CBS ta soke a tsakiyar kakar wasa bayan aukuwa 12 kawai.

A shekara ta 1967, an tilasta wa Arthur ya koma Broadway don ya bayyana a matsayin "spinster" na Midwestern wanda ya fada tare da ƙungiyar Hippies a cikin wasan The Freaking Out of Stephanie Blake . A cikin littafinsa The Season, William Goldman ya sake gina mummunar samarwa, wanda daga ƙarshe ya rufe a Lokacin, da Arthur ya ki ci gaba.

Arthur na gaba ya yanke shawarar koyar da wasan kwaikwayo, da farko a Kwalejin Vassar sannan kuma a Makarantar Fasaha ta Arewacin Carolina.

Yayinda yake zaune a Arewacin Carolina, a cikin 1973, Arthur ya zama labarai na gaba ta hanyar kama shi kuma an ɗaure shi saboda shiga cikin dukiyar maƙwabci don ta'azantar da kare da ta ji ana wulakanta shi. Mai son dabbobi a duk rayuwarta, Arthur ta ce ta amince da su fiye da mutane. An same ta, an ci tarar $ 75, kuma an ba ta shekaru uku.

Bayan wasanni 11 na Litinin na farko a watan Oktoba a Cleveland, Ohio, a 1975, Arthur ya yi ritaya har abada, ya koma Driftwood Cottage, gidanta a kan teku a Carmel Point a kudancin iyakar birnin Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, ya ƙi yin hira har sai marubucin littafi game da Capra ya rushe juriyarta. Arthur ya taɓa shahara ya ce za ta fi so a yanke makogwaro fiye da yin hira.

Rayuwa ta mutum

Arthur ya zauna a Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, na tsawon shekaru 30, kuma ya mutu daga gazawar zuciya a ranar 19 ga Yuni, 1991, yana da shekaru 90. Ba a gudanar da jana'izar ba. An ƙone jikinta, kuma an warwatsa gawarwakinta a bakin tekun Point Lobos, California.

Kyauta

Don gudummawar da ta bayar ga masana'antar daukar hoto, Arthur tana da tauraro a kan Hollywood Walk of Fame a 6333 Hollywood Blvd .

A cikin shekara ta 2014, an shigar da Arthur cikin Hall of Great Western Performers a National Cowboy & Western Heritage Museum a Oklahoma City .

A watan Janairun 2026, an san ta a matsayin Turner Classic Movies Star of the Month .

Ayyukan rediyo

Shekara	Shirin	Abubuwan da suka faru
1937	Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio	Mista Deeds ya tafi garin
1937	Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio	Mai Farin Ciki
1938	Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio	Sama ta Bakwai
1939	Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio	Mala'iku ne kawai ke da fuka-fuki
1939	Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio	Pygmalion
1940	Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Screen Guild	Yezabila
1941	Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio	Ka tuna da Dare
1943	Gidan wasan kwaikwayo na Lux Radio	Magana ta Birnin
1953	Ƙungiyar Wasanni a cikin Air	Babban Yawon shakatawa

Dubi kuma

• Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo tare da gabatarwa na Kwalejin
• Irene Dunne
• Jerin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo tare da taurarin fim na Hollywood Walk of Fame

 

Haɗin waje

• Jean Arthur - Fim din Turner Classic "Star of the Month" Bayanan martaba
• "Tunanin kwanakin koyarwar Jean Arthur a Vassar" a cikin Poughkeepsie Journal, Disamba 31, 2014.
• John Oller Blog - na marubucin Jean Arthur: The Actress Nobody Knew, wanda ke dauke da sabuntawa ga bayanin da ke cikin littafinsa –
• Soares, Andre: Jean Arthur a kan TCM, Alternative Film Guide

Rubuce-rubuce

• villagevoice.com/2000-05-09/film/jean-therapy" id="mwBdo" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Atkinson, Michael: Jean Therapy villagevoice.com
• Gouveia, Michele: Yarinyar da ke da Croak: Jean Arthur

Bayanai

• catalog.afi.com/Person/80042-Jean-Arthur" id="mwBeI" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Jean Arthur - catalog.afi.com
• Jean Arthura cikinCibiyar Bayanai ta Intanet ta Broadway
• Jean Arthura cikinTCM Movie Database (an adana shi)
• Jean Arthur on IMDb
• virtual-history.com/person.php?personid=1174" id="mwBe4" rel="mw:ExtLink nofollow">Bayani game da Jean Arthur - virtual-history.com