Mutumin Rat

Mutumin Rat
Rayuwa
Haihuwa	1878
Mutuwa	1914
Sana'a
Sana'a	masana da analysand (en)

" Bera Man " shi ne sunan barkwanci da Sigmund Freud ya ba majiyyaci wanda aka buga "tarihin shari'ar" a matsayin Bemerkungen über einen Fall von Zwangsneurose ["Notes On a Case of Obsessional Neurosis"] (1909). Wannan shi ne na biyu cikin tarihin shari'o'i shida da Freud ya buga kuma na farko da ya yi iƙirarin cewa an warkar da majiyyacin ta hanyar nazarin halayyar ɗan adam.

Laƙabin ya samo asali ne daga gaskiyar cewa daga cikin yawan tilasta wa majiyyaci akwai sha'awar mafarkin mafarki game da beraye.

Domin kare sirrin marasa lafiya, nazarin shari'o'in psychoanalytic yawanci yana ɓoye ko ɓoye sunayen mutanen da abin ya shafa ( Anna O., Little Hans, Wolf Man, Dora, da sauransu). Masu bincike na baya-bayan nan sun gano cewa "Mutumin Bera" a zahiri lauya ne mai suna Ernst Lanzer (1878–1914)—kodayake wasu majiyoyi da yawa sun dage cewa sunan mutumin Paul Lorenz ne.

Tarihin nazarin

Lanzer ya fara zuwa wurin Freud a watan Oktoban 1907 yana korafin tsoro da kuma motsin rai na dole . Freud ya yi wa majiyyacinsa magani na ɗan sama da watanni uku a kullum. Maganin bai saba ba har tsawon watanni uku masu zuwa kuma ba a saba ba, a mafi kyau, bayan haka.

Babban tsoron Lanzer shine cewa wani mummunan abu zai faru da mahaifinsa da wata kawarsa mace (wadda daga baya ta zama matarsa). Tsoronsa ya samo asali ne daga wani labari da ya ji daga wani jami'in soja na ƙasar Sin game da wata hanyar azabtarwa inda aka ɗaure babban tukunya mai ɗauke da bera mai rai a kan duwawun wanda aka kashe, kuma beran, wanda aka ƙarfafa shi da wani abin wasan karta, zai ciji hanyarsa ta duburar wanda aka kashe.

Lanzer ya yi iƙirarin cewa yana tunanin kisan kai da kashe kansa, kuma ya haifar da wasu halaye marasa hankali da suka tilasta masa yin hakan. Misali, ya ambaci halinsa na buɗe ƙofar gidansa tsakanin ƙarfe 12 na dare zuwa 1:00 na safe, da alama don fatalwar mahaifinsa ta shiga. Daga nan Lanzer zai kalli azzakarinsa, wani lokacin yana amfani da madubi.

Freud ya ƙarfafa Lanzer ya tattauna dalla-dalla game da rayuwarsa ta jima'i (kamar ƙoƙarinsa na farko na yin al'aura yana da shekaru 21) kuma ya mai da hankali kan wasu alaƙar magana da kalmar " Ratten " ("beraye").

Lanzer ya gabatar da Freud ga kalmar Friedrich Nietzsche (wanda Freud ya ambata daga baya) "'Na yi wannan,' in ji My Memory. 'Ba zan iya yin wannan ba,' in ji My Pride, kuma har yanzu ba za a iya mantawa da shi ba. A ƙarshe - Memory ya yi nasara." Freud ya sake faɗin wannan magana fiye da sau ɗaya, kuma masu ilimin hanyoyin kwantar da hankali na baya kamar Fritz Perls sun yi amfani da ita.

Lanzer ya dakatar da nazarinsa da Freud bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci kuma kafin a warware matsalar canja wurinsa gaba ɗaya. Jim kaɗan bayan Freud ya kammala rubutaccen tarihin shari'ar a watan Oktoban 1909, ya shaida wa Carl Jung cewa majiyyacinsa yana fama da matsaloli masu yawa. An kashe Lanzer a Yaƙin Duniya na Ɗaya, kuma daga baya masu bincike ba su sami damar yin hira da shi ba.