Zaben demeny
 zaben Demeny | |
|---|---|
| Bayanai | |
| Ƙaramin ɓangare na | absentee ballot (en)  |
| Suna saboda | Paul Demeny (mul) |
| Ƙasa | Beljik |
Zaben demeny (Wanda kuma ake kira kuri'un iyaye ko kuri'un iyali ) wani nau'in jefa kuri'a ne inda ake samar da Muryar siyasa ga yara ta hanyar ba da damar iyaye ko masu kula da su jefa kuri'u a madadin su. An sanya sunan kalmar ne bayan masanin ilimin lissafi Paul Demeny, kodayake ra'ayin ya riga shi.[1] Sau da yawa ana ba da shawarar a matsayin ma'auni don tabbatar da wakilcin (ba kai tsaye ba) na yara waɗanda ake la'akari da ƙanana da yawa don jefa kuri'a. A karkashin tsarin jefa kuri'a na Demeny, iyaye za su jefa kuri'ar wakili ga ɗansu, mai yiwuwa suna ba da damar raba kuri'un da aka raba idan ra'ayoyin siyasa na iyaye sun bambanta.
Magana
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]An sanya sunan kuri'un Demeny ne bayan masanin ilimin lissafi Paul Demeny . Demeny ya jaddada cewa yara "ba za a bar su ba da izini har tsawon shekaru 18: bari iyaye masu kula da su su yi amfani da haƙƙin jefa kuri'a na yara har sai sun kai shekaru". Dalilin Demeny a bayan gabatar da irin wannan tsarin shine "sa tsarin siyasa ya fi mayar da martani ga bukatun matasa" kuma ya kasance wani ɓangare na manyan shawarwarin manufofi da nufin yaki da karancin haihuwa a wasu ƙasashe.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Tunanin, duk da haka, ya tsufa fiye da ra'ayin Demeny; an tattauna shi akai-akai a Faransa a cikin 1920s kuma kusan Majalisar Dokoki ta Kasa ta karbe shi.
A cikin Jamus an fara tattauna ra'ayin ne a cikin shekarun 1910. A cikin 1970s da 1980s lauyoyi da masana kimiyyar siyasa sun fara tattaunawa wanda har yanzu ke ci gaba. A cikin 2003 da 2008 majalisar dokokin Jamus ta gudanar da zabe kan ko za a gabatar da irin wannan haƙƙin (wanda ake kira Kinderwahlrecht), amma an kayar da duka shawarwarin.[2]
Pieter Vanhuysse (shugaban bincike kuma Mataimakin Darakta a Cibiyar Turai don Manufofin Kula da Lafiyar Jama'a da Bincike, Vienna) ya yi jayayya a cikin 2013 cewa a Austria, inda akwai manufofi masu karfi na tsofaffi, cewa "lokaci ya cika don aƙalla buɗe muhawara ta dimokuradiyya mai tsabta da kuma ta hanyar kwarewa game da ra'ayin ba kowane iyaye ƙarin rabin kuri'a, don amfani da shi a madadin kowane yaro mara shekaru har sai wannan yaro ya kai shekarun jefa kuri'a ta doka".[3]
Japan ta tattauna kuri'un Demeny a matsayin yiwuwar amsar yawan mutanen da suka tsufa, wanda ke ba da murya mara kyau ga tsofaffi sakamakon karuwar yawan su. Wannan ya biyo bayan wallafa takarda ta Reiko Aoki na Cibiyar Nazarin Tsakanin Tsakanina a Jami'ar Hitotsubashi da Rhema Vaithianathan na Jami'ar Auckland . A ranar 2 ga watan Maris na shekara ta 2011, Cibiyar Nazarin Tsakanin Tsakanni a Jami'ar Hitotsubashi ta dauki bakuncin taron kan jefa kuri'a.[4] Aoki da Vaithianathan sun kuma gudanar da bincike da yawa game da halin masu jefa kuri'a ga Demeny Voting kuma sun gano cewa yawancin masu amsawa za su jefa kuri'un yaransu daban da nasu. A watan Yulin 2013, Nikkei a Japan ya rubuta babban edita da ke tallafawa ra'ayin a matsayin wani ɓangare na muhawara game da sake fasalin tsarin mulki a Japan.
A Hungary, hadin gwiwa da ke mulki ya kasance yana ba da shawarar jefa kuri'a ga Demeny, amma ya yarda a watan Afrilu na shekara ta 2011 cewa mai yiwuwa ba zai shiga aiki ba na ɗan lokaci.
Paul Demeny ya tattauna ra'ayin a wata hira da CBC. Farfesa Miles Corak daga Jami'ar Ottawa ya kuma rubuta wani shafin yanar gizo game da ra'ayin kuma ya inganta shi a Kanada. Ya ba da shawarar cewa ana tallafawa ne a kan taimakon jin kai tun lokacin da Yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan 'Yancin Yara ta ba da damar ba wa yara' yancin farar hula da na siyasa. Ya ba da shawarar cewa idan aka ba da shaidar cewa iyalai inda uwaye ke sarrafa igiyoyin jaka suna kashewa da yawa a kan yaransu, ya kamata a ba wa uwaye kuri'un wakili har sai yaron ya kai shekaru. Farfesa Corak ya fito ne daga ɗan jarida wanda ya zama ɗan siyasa Chrystia Freeland.
Tattaunawar da aka yi amfani da ita
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Aoki da Vaithianathan suna jayayya cewa jefa kuri'a ta Demeny ta dace saboda tana rage tsarin tsofaffi. Sun lissafa cewa jefa kuri'a a Japan zai kara yawan kuri'un iyaye daga 24% zuwa 37% kuma ya rage yawan masu jefa kuri'u sama da shekaru 55 daga 43% zuwa 35%.
Stefan Olsson ya yi jayayya cewa "wakilin 'yancin yara na yin zabe ba baƙo ba ne fiye da lokacin da manya suka ba da iko siyasa ga wakilin da aka zaba. Bayan zaben, wakilan suna da' yancin yin amfani da wannan ikon. " (shafi na 71). Ya ba da shawarar cewa ba da ikon yaro ga iyaye cikakke ne. Olsson ya kuma yi jayayya cewa akwai wasu yankuna inda iyaye ke da iko kamar abin da yaron ke ci, inda yake zuwa makaranta, kuma iyaye suna wakiltar yara a kotun shari'a akai-akai. Ya ce "Yin jayayya cewa iyaye ba za su iya aiki a matsayin wakilin yaransu ba saboda suna iya cin zarafin matsayinsu ya zama wauta idan aka kwatanta da duk sauran ikon da iyaye suka riga suka mallaki yaransu" (shafi na 72).
An ba da shawarar cewa zai sa ya zama da wuya ga tsofaffi masu jefa kuri'a su jefa kuri'u a cikin gwamnatocin da ke karbar kuɗi don tsaron jama'a amma wanda kawai za a biya shi ta hanyar tsararraki masu zuwa. Yana iya tabbatar da cewa bukatun yara, kamar ilimi, Kula da yara, da kiwon lafiya, an fi la'akari da su.[5] Hakanan zai iya sa gwamnatoci su fi kula da muhalli yayin da matasa za su fi shafar Manufofin muhalli marasa kyau fiye da tsofaffi masu jefa kuri'a. A ƙarshe, mika kuri'un ga yara na iya kara yawan shiga cikin siyasa, ƙarfafa yara su girma kuma su zama 'yan ƙasa masu aiki.
Bambance-bambance
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A shekara ta 1998, farfesa a fannin shari'ar iyali Jane Rutherford ta yi la'akari da jefa kuri'a a madadin yara a matsayin hanyar samun wakilci mai kyau na bukatun su a cikin muhawara ta siyasa a cikin mahallin Amurka. A matsayin ka'idoji ga wanda ya kamata ya riƙe wakilai ga yara, ta ba da shawarar kamar haka: " (1) wakilin ya kamata ya sami gungumen azaba a cikin wani abu mai mahimmanci tare da yaro; (2) wakilin ya zama da kansa ya saba da bukatun da yanayin yaro; (3) yaro ya kamata ya kasance a shirye kuma akai-akai don haka yaron zai iya bayyana kansa a cikin sharuddansa a duk lokacin da ya yiwu; (4) wakilin ya kasance mai lissafi ga yaro a wasu hanyoyi, ko dai a cikin motsin rai ko a cikin doka; kuma (5) wakilin ya dace da kulawa da tausayi ga yaro wanda ke inganta.
A cikin shekara ta 2014, farfesa na karatun yara John Wall ya gabatar da wani tsari na neman izini, wanda yaro zai iya da'awar haƙƙinsa na jefa kuri'a daga mai riƙe da su, maimakon jiran cancantar jefa kuri'u ta shekaru. Ya ci gaba da bunkasa wannan ra'ayin da alakarsa da yara a cikin littafin Give Children the Vote: on Democratizing Democracy . Wall ya kafa taron da ke gudana [Kwamitin Zabe na Yara tare da Robin Chen don tarawa a cikin al'umma mai kama da juna masu tattaunawar sauye-sauyen shekarun jefa kuri'a. [6]
Dubi kuma
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- Daidaitawar tsararraki
- Zaɓin wakili
- Zaɓin matasa
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Gesley, Jenny (2018-04-19). "Family Voting as a Solution to Low Fertility? Experiences from France and Germany | In Custodia Legis". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2023-05-17.
- ↑ "Wahlrecht für Kinder?". 30 July 2024.
- ↑ "A Snapshot of Intergenerational Justice - Downloads - European Centre for Social Welfare Policy and Research" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-22. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
- ↑ "一橋大学経済研究所 世代間問題研究機構 ｜ 世代間問題研究会". Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 14 February 2011.
- ↑ Sanderson, Warren (January 20, 2008). "Low Fertility and Population Aging in Germany and Japan: Prospects and Policies" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2012. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
- ↑ "Find an Expert".
