Alice Paul
| Ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| Mba o sị | Njikota Obodo Amerika |
| Aha n'asụsụ obodo | Alice Paul |
| Aha enyere | Alice |
| Aha ezinụlọ ya | Paul |
| Ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 11 Jenụwarị 1885 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | Mount Laurel |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 9 Julaị 1977 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Moorestown |
| Ebe olili | Cinnaminson Township |
| Nwanne | Helen Paul |
| Ikwu | William Penn |
| Onye dị ịrịba ama | Lucy Burns |
| Asụsụ obodo | English |
| Asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | English |
| Asụsụ ọ na-ede | English |
| Ọrụ ọ na-arụ | oka mmuta, women's rights activist, suffragette |
| Ebe obibi | Paulsdale |
| Ije | feminism, Women's suffrage |
| Onye òtù nke | Daughters of the American Revolution, Silent Sentinels, Women's Social and Political Union |
| Onye nlereranya | Emmeline Pankhurst, Christabel Pankhurst |
| Ihe nrite | National Women's Hall of Fame, Connecticut Women's Hall of Fame, New Jersey Women's Hall of Fame, New Jersey Hall of Fame, Hunger Strike Medal |
| Webụsaịtị | https://www.alicepaul.org/ |
Alice Stokes Paul (January 11, 1885 - Julaị 9, 1977) bụ onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America, onye na-akwado ụmụ nwanyị na onye na-akwado ikike ụmụ nwanyị, yana otu n'ime ndị isi mbụ na mkpọsa maka mmezigharị na Iwu United States, nke machibidoro ịkpa ókè mmekọahụ na ikike ịme ntuli aka. Ọ malitere, ma hazie ihe omume ndị rụpụtara na ntinye mgbanwe ahụ n'August 1920. Paul na-enwetakarị obi ọjọọ ndị uwe ojii na mmegbu ndị ọzọ n'ihi ime ihe ike ya, na-emeghachi omume mgbe nile n'emeghị ihe ike. A tụrụ ya mkpọrọ na 1917.[1]
Ndụ mbụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A mụrụ ya na Jenụwarị 11, 1885 na New Jersey wee gaa ụlọ akwụkwọ ebe ọ gụchara klas ya.[2] Mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ, ọ debanyere aha maka mkpakọrịta na ọrụ mmekọrịta. O mechara gụchaa na mahadum na LL.B na iwu na 1922.[3]
Ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'afọ 1907, ọ kwagara England wee tinye aka na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị Britain, ebe na [London], Paul zutere Lucy Burns, onye ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị America, mgbe ejidere ya n'ụlọ ọrụ ndị uwe ojii Britain,[4] onye ga-abụ onye na-emekọ ihe ọnụ maka oge agha ahụ, nke mbụ na England, na United States. N'ịbụ onye e jikọtara ya na ngagharị ịtụ vootu, e jidere Paul ọtụtụ oge.[5]
Paul laghachiri na United States na Jenụwarị 1910 ka ọ gaa n'ihu na mgbake ya na ịmepụta atụmatụ maka ọrụ ị nweta ikike n'ụlọ. Ọ malitere ọtụtụ usoro ịtụ vootu wee guzobe National Women's Party.[6]
Ihe nketa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-asọpụrụ ya nke ukwuu na ma United Kingdom na United States. Ọ pụtara na mba abụọ a stampụ akwụkwọ ozi na otu mkpụrụ ego mba.[7][8][9]
Ntụaka
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Baker, Jean H., "Placards At The White House," American Heritage, Winter 2010, Volume 59, Issue 4.
- ↑ "Alice Paul". National Women's History Museum. Retrieved January 10, 2018.
- ↑ "Alice Paul Biography". Lakewood Public Library: Women in History. Archived from the original on June 19, 2006. Retrieved May 1, 2006.
- ↑ Atkinson, Diane (2018). Rise up, women! : the remarkable lives of the suffragettes. London: Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1408844045. OCLC 1016848621.
- ↑ Dodd, Lynda G. (2008). "Parades, pickets, and prison: Alice Paul and the virtues of unruly constitutional citizenship". Journal of Law & Politics. 24 (4): 339–443. SSRN 2226351.
- ↑ Sklar, Kathryn Kish; Dias, Jill (1997). "How Did the National Woman's Party Address the Issue of the Enfranchisement of Black Women, 1919–1924?". Retrieved December 18, 2018.
- ↑ Macaulay, Susan. "Alice Paul (Suffragette/Political Activist)". amazingwomenrock.com (in Bekee ndị United Kingdom). Retrieved June 25, 2018.
- ↑ Eilperin, Juliet (April 12, 2016). "A new memorial to tell 'the story of a century of courageous activism by American women'". The Washington Post. Retrieved April 12, 2016.
- ↑ Hefler, Jan (April 14, 2016). "White House honors Alice Paul's Washington headquarters". Philly.com.
Ihe ọgụgụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Baker, Jean H. Sisters: The Lives of American Suffragists. New York: Hill and Wang, 2005.
- Baker, Jean H. Votes for Women: The Struggle for Suffrage Revisited. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
- Butler, Amy E. Two Paths to Equality: Alice Paul and Ethel M. Smith in the ERA Debate, 1921–1929. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2002.
- Cahill, Bernadette. Alice Paul, the National Woman's Party and the Vote: The First Civil Rights Struggle of the 20th Century. Jefferson: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2005.
- Cassidy, Tina. Mr. President, How Long Must We Wait?: Alice Paul, Woodrow Wilson, and the Fight for the Right to Vote (2019).
- Cott, Nancy F. (1984). "Feminist politics in the 1920s: The National Woman's Party". The Journal of American History. 71 (1): 43–68. doi:10.2307/1899833. JSTOR 1899833.
- Cullen-Dupont, Kathryn. American Women Activists' Writings: An Anthology, 1637–2002. New York: Cooper Square Press, 2002.
- Dodd, Lynda G. "Parades, Pickets, and Prison: Alice Paul and the Virtues of Unruly Constitutional Citizenship". Journal of Law and Politics 24 (2008): 339–433. online
- Evans, Sara M. Born for Liberty: A History of Women in America. New York: The Free Press, 1989.
- Graham, Sally Hunter (1983). "Woodrow Wilson, Alice Paul, and the Woman Suffrage Movement" (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 98 (4): 665–679. doi:10.2307/2149723. JSTOR 2149723. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 6, 2014.
- Hartmann, Susan M. "Paul, Alice"; American National Biography Online Feb. 2000 Access June 5, 2014
- Hawranick, Sylvia; Doris, Joan M.; Daugherty, Robert (2008). "Alice Paul: Activist, advocate, and one of ours". Affilia. 23 (2): 190–196. doi:10.1177/0886109908314332. S2CID 144475569.
- Hill, Jeff. Defining Moments: Women's Suffrage. Detroit: Omnigraphics, Inc., 2006.
- Irwin, Inez Haynes. The Story of Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party. Fairfax: Denlinger's Publishers, LTD, 1964.
- Kops, Deborah (2017). Alice Paul and the Fight for Women's Rights: From the Vote to the Equal Rights Amendment. Boyds Mills Press. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-1-62979-795-3.
- Leleux, Robert. "Suffragettes March on Washington". The American Prospect 24 (2013): 81.
- Lunardini, Christine. Alice Paul: Equality for Women. Boulder: Westview Press, 2013.
- Lunardini, Christine. From Equal Suffrage to Equal Rights: Alice Paul and the National Woman's Party, 1910–1928. New York: New York University Press, 1986.
- McGerr, Michael (1990). "Political Style and Woman's Power, 1830–1930". The Journal of American History. 77 (3): 864–885. doi:10.2307/2078989. JSTOR 2078989.
- Olson, Tod. "One Person, One Vote". Scholastic Update 127 (1994): 15
- Piott, Steven L. American Reformers, 1870–1920: Progressives in Word and Deed (2006); chapter 12 is on Paul.
- Stevens, Doris. Jailed for Freedom. New York: Liverwright Publishing Corporation, 1920.
- Stillion Southard, Belinda Ann. "The National Woman's Party's Militant Campaign for Woman Suffrage: Asserting Citizenship Rights through Political Mimesis". (2008). PhD thesis, U of Maryland online
- Walton, Mary (2010). A Woman's Crusade: Alice Paul and the Battle for the Ballot. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-230-61175-7.
- Ware, Susan (2012). "The Book I Couldn't Write: Alice Paul and the Challenge of Feminist Biography". Journal of Women's History. 24 (2): 13–36. doi:10.1353/jowh.2012.0022. S2CID 143954742.
- Willis, Jean L. "Alice Paul: The Quintessential Feminist," in Feminist Theorists, ed. Dale Spender (1983).
