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. 2013 Apr;229(5):697-704.
doi: 10.1002/path.4132. Epub 2013 Jan 24.

Whole-genome methylation analysis of benign and malignant colorectal tumours

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Free PMC article

Whole-genome methylation analysis of benign and malignant colorectal tumours

Andrew D Beggs et al. J Pathol. 2013 Apr.
Free PMC article

Erratum in

  • J Pathol. 2013 Dec;231(4):543. El-Bahwary, Mona [corrected to El-Bahrawy, Mona]

Abstract

Changes in DNA methylation, whether hypo- or hypermethylation, have been shown to be associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. Methylation changes substantially in the progression from normal mucosa to adenoma and to carcinoma. This phenomenon has not been studied extensively and studies have been restricted to individual CpG islands, rather than taking a whole-genome approach. We aimed to study genome-wide methylation changes in colorectal cancer. We obtained 10 fresh-frozen normal tissue-cancer sample pairs, and five fresh-frozen adenoma samples. These were run on the lllumina HumanMethylation27 whole-genome methylation analysis system. Differential methylation between normal tissue, adenoma and carcinoma was analysed using Bayesian regression modelling, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and hierarchical clustering (HC). The highest-rated individual gene for differential methylation in carcinomas versus normal tissue and adenomas versus normal tissue was GRASP (padjusted = 1.59 × 10(-5) , BF = 12.62, padjusted = 1.68 × 10(-6) , BF = 14.53). The highest-rated gene when comparing carcinomas versus adenomas was ATM (padjusted = 2.0 × 10(-4) , BF = 10.17). Hierarchical clustering demonstrated poor clustering by the CIMP criteria for methylation. GSEA demonstrated methylation changes in the Netrin-DCC and SLIT-ROBO pathways. Widespread changes in DNA methylation are seen in the transition from adenoma to carcinoma. The finding that GRASP, which encodes the general receptor for phosphoinositide 1-associated scaffold protein, was differentially methylated in colorectal cancer is interesting. This may be a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
QQ and volcano plots of Bayesian analyses of differential methylation for cancers versus normal samples (a), adenomas versus normal samples (b) and cancers versus adenomas (c). The QQ plots (left) demonstrate probes that are hypermethylated (above the black normal distribution line on the left of the plot) and hypomethylated (below the normal line on the left of the plot). The volcano plot (right) demonstrates that both significantly hypomethylated and hypermethylated probes exist when comparing cancers with normal tissues, The top five probe identifiers are shown in blue text on the volcano plots, and that the five most significantly differentially methylated probes all become hypermethylated.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hierarchical clustering diagram of CIMP probes for cancers and adenomas. In cancers (left) there is clustering into two groups, which correspond to the CIMP-intermediate and CIMP-low groups previously described by Yagi et al . In the adenomas (right) there is clustering into two groups, with a single sample (Ad1) having extensive methylation compatible with CIMP and another group demonstrating low levels of methylation: red, hypermethylation; green, hypomethylation; black, no change.

References

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