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. 2010;157(1):123-134.
doi: 10.1007/s00227-009-1302-2. Epub 2009 Oct 2.

Phylogeography of the diamond turbot (Hypsopsetta guttulata) across the Baja California Peninsula

Jeffrey N Schinske  1 , Giacomo Bernardi  2 , David K Jacobs  3 , Eric J Routman  1
Affiliations

Phylogeography of the diamond turbot (Hypsopsetta guttulata) across the Baja California Peninsula

Jeffrey N Schinske et al. Mar Biol. 2010.

Abstract

We compared morphology and sequenced nuclear and mitochondrial genes from 11 populations of a previously genetically unstudied "Baja California disjunct" species, the diamond turbot (Hypsopsetta guttulata). This species exhibits very limited adult movement and restriction to soft-bottom habitats but has a moderately long pelagic larval duration. Therefore, if pelagic larval duration is correlated with gene flow between Gulf of California and Pacific populations, we expect a reduced level of genetic and morphological differentiation. However, if adult habitat and ecology have more effect on gene flow, we expect the populations in the two bodies of water to be more highly differentiated. We used logistic regression to compare morphological features and phylogenetic and population genetic analyses to compare nucleotide sequence data. Gulf of California H. guttulata are different from Pacific populations in morphology and both mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. MtDNA shows reciprocal monophyly, and nuclear sequences from the Gulf of California formed a monophyletic group. Population genetic analyses also suggest further population subdivision within the Pacific and within the Gulf of California. We argue that adult ecology has a significant effect on migration rates among populations in the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Collecting sites for H. guttulata, including site abbreviations for each locality. Additional relevant geographic points are labeled in smaller text. Previously described range of H. guttulata (Present 1987) is shown as gray line parallel to the Pacific and Gulf of California coasts
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Morphological measurements included body length (BL), tail length (TL), body depth (BD), head length (HL), maxilla length (ML), pectoral fin length (PL), number of anal rays (AR), and number of dorsal rays (DR)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Maximum likelihood control region haplotype phylogeny. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown above branches and maximum likelihood bootstraps are below branches. Haplotypes are labeled with sample numbers (site code + sample no. from site) of the individuals possessing the haplotype
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Haplotype networks for Pacific control region sequences (“P” network and “Q” network). The exact connection between these networks is unknown. Nestings are shown only for higher level clades. Each branch represents a single nucleotide difference between adjacent haplotypes. Haplotype names are shown as ovals containing sample names. Unsampled but inferred intermediate haplotypes are shown as small filled dots in branches
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Maximum likelihood S7 haplotype phylogeny. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown above branches and maximum likelihood bootstraps are below branches. Letters next to haplotype numbers are site codes indicating sites where that haplotype was found
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
Estimates of migration rate between 4 Pacific sites (O, L, U, C), the 2 Gulf of California sites (B, Y), and between the Gulf of California and Pacific regions. Relative thickness of arrows corresponds to relative levels of migration between sites. Color differences between arrows are only to improve readability. Numbers on arrows indicate number of migrants per generation
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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