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Comparative Study
. 2016 Apr 22;21(4):487.
doi: 10.3390/molecules21040487.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Melanin Fractions from Chestnut Shell

Zeng-Yu Yao  1 , Jian-Hua Qi  2
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Comparison of Antioxidant Activities of Melanin Fractions from Chestnut Shell

Zeng-Yu Yao et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Chestnut shell melanin can be used as a colorant and antioxidant, and fractionated into three fractions (Fr. 1, Fr. 2, and Fr. 3) with different physicochemical properties. Antioxidant activities of the fractions were comparatively evaluated for the first time. The fractions exhibited different antioxidative potential in different evaluation systems. Fr. 1, which is only soluble in alkaline water, had the strongest peroxidation inhibition and superoxide anion scavenging activity; Fr. 2, which is soluble in alkaline water and hydrophilic organic solvents but insoluble in neutral and acidic water, had the greatest power to chelate ferrous ions; and Fr. 3, which is soluble both in hydrophilic organic solvents and in water at any pH conditions, had the greatest hydroxyl (·OH) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH·) radicals scavenging abilities, reducing power, and phenolic content. The pigment fractions were superior to butylated hydroxytolune (BHT) in ·OH and DPPH· scavenging and to ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the Fe(2+)-chelation. They were inferior to BHT in peroxidation inhibition and O₂·(-) scavenging and reducing power. However, BHT is a synthetic antioxidant and cannot play the colorant role. The melanin fractions might be used as effective biological antioxidant colorants.

Keywords: Castanea mollissima; colorant; free radical; pigment.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Peroxidation of linoleic acid and the inhibition effects of pigment fractions from chestnut shell evaluated by FTC (A) and TBA (B) methods. The lower case letters above the curves and bars indicate significant differences between means (p < 0.05).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dose dependent hydroxyl radical (A) and superoxide anion radical (B) scavenging effects of pigment fractions from chestnut shell. The lower case letters on the right of the curves indicate significant differences between means at sample concentration of 200 and 1000 mg/L for hydroxyl radical superoxide and anion radical scavenging, respectively (p < 0.05).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Contact time dependent DPPH· scavenging effects of pigment fractions from chestnut shell.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Dose dependent reducing power of pigment fractions from chestnut shells. The lower case letters on the right of the curves indicate significant differences between means at sample concentration of 200 mg/L (p < 0.05).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dose-dependent metal chelating ability of pigment fractions from chestnut shell.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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