The pervasive role of social learning in primate lifetime development

“…Therefore, the existing ecological knowledge of migrants seems insufficient to thrive in the new habitat without social learning. Our results support the suggested third phase of social learning during primate development, which stated that migrants make use of social learning after dispersal to adapt to the new habitat (Whiten and van de Waal, 2018).…”

“…Social learning has been proposed to follow three distinct phases characterized by differences in target choice. 68 Our results support the first two phases of learning: up until ∼5.8 years of age, immature chimpanzees peered most frequently at their mothers (phase 1), and afterward increasingly targeted other group members (phase 2). Heightened attention to mothers closely aligns with average inter-birth intervals at Budongo, 81 suggesting that changes in peering target choice reflect adjustments in the mother-offspring relationship.…”

“…Our results show that orangutans use vertical and oblique social learning 33,59 to acquire their nest-building skills, supporting the three-phases of social learning framework for primates for a variety of learning contexts proposed by Whiten and van de Waal 42 . During the first phase of nest-building ontogeny, as with the development of diet and foraging preferences 28,57 , it is safest to follow the most trusted and readily available role model, namely the mother (Table 3, Figure 4).…”

“…Therefore, the existing ecological knowledge of migrants seems insufficient to thrive in the new habitat without social learning. Our results support the suggested third phase of social learning during primate development, which stated that migrants make use of social learning after dispersal to adapt to the new habitat (Whiten and van de Waal, 2018).…”

“…Social learning has been proposed to follow three distinct phases characterized by differences in target choice. 68 Our results support the first two phases of learning: up until ∼5.8 years of age, immature chimpanzees peered most frequently at their mothers (phase 1), and afterward increasingly targeted other group members (phase 2). Heightened attention to mothers closely aligns with average inter-birth intervals at Budongo, 81 suggesting that changes in peering target choice reflect adjustments in the mother-offspring relationship.…”

“…Our results show that orangutans use vertical and oblique social learning 33,59 to acquire their nest-building skills, supporting the three-phases of social learning framework for primates for a variety of learning contexts proposed by Whiten and van de Waal 42 . During the first phase of nest-building ontogeny, as with the development of diet and foraging preferences 28,57 , it is safest to follow the most trusted and readily available role model, namely the mother (Table 3, Figure 4).…”

“…Therefore, the existing ecological knowledge of migrants seems insufficient to thrive in the new habitat without social learning. Our results support the suggested third phase of social learning during primate development, which stated that migrants make use of social learning after dispersal to adapt to the new habitat (Whiten and van de Waal, 2018).…”

“…Social learning has been proposed to follow three distinct phases characterized by differences in target choice. 68 Our results support the first two phases of learning: up until ∼5.8 years of age, immature chimpanzees peered most frequently at their mothers (phase 1), and afterward increasingly targeted other group members (phase 2). Heightened attention to mothers closely aligns with average inter-birth intervals at Budongo, 81 suggesting that changes in peering target choice reflect adjustments in the mother-offspring relationship.…”

“…Our results show that orangutans use vertical and oblique social learning 33,59 to acquire their nest-building skills, supporting the three-phases of social learning framework for primates for a variety of learning contexts proposed by Whiten and van de Waal 42 . During the first phase of nest-building ontogeny, as with the development of diet and foraging preferences 28,57 , it is safest to follow the most trusted and readily available role model, namely the mother (Table 3, Figure 4).…”