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nigger

維基詞典,自由的多語言詞典

英语

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英語維基百科有一篇條目關於:
Wikipedia en

其他形式

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词源

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可能直接源自法語 nègre或西班牙語和葡萄牙語 negro (“非洲黑人”),最终源自拉丁語 niger (“黑色的”)。比较丹麥語 nigger、瑞典語 nigger、德語 Nigger、荷蘭語 nikker。negro和noir 的同源對似詞。

发音

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名词

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1860年的政治漫畫

nigger (复数 niggers,阴性形式 niggeress)

  1. (冒犯,種族歧視語,粗俗,参见用法说明) 黑鬼,尼哥(非洲裔)
    • 1884年 12月10日,馬克·吐溫 [假名;山繆·朗霍恩·克萊門斯],第XV章,收錄於The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: (Tom Sawyer’s Comrade) […] [頑童歷險記],倫敦:Chatto & Windus, […],→OCLC,133頁:
      It was fifteen minutes before I could work myself up to go and humble myself to a nigger—but I done it, and I warn't ever sorry for it afterwards, neither.
      足足過了十五分鐘,我才鼓起勇氣去向一個黑鬼低聲下氣——但我照做了,而且事後我也從未後悔過。
    • 1929,Ernest Hemingway,A Farewell to Arms‎[5],New York:Charles Scribner's Sons,274頁:
      “Othello with his occupation gone,” she teased. “Othello was a nigger,” I said.
      「沒了工作的奧賽羅,」她打趣道。「奧賽羅是個黑鬼,」我說。
    • 2004,Hotel Rwanda,由 Colonel Oliver(Nick Nolte):
      You are not even a nigger, you are an African.
      你連個黑鬼都不算,你是非洲人。
    • 1996,Chris Rock: Bring the Pain‎[6],Chris Rock(演員):
      There's black people, and there's niggers. And niggers have got to go. Every time black people wanna have a good time, ign'ant-ass niggers fuck it up.
      有些人是黑人,有些人則是黑鬼。而黑鬼早就該滾了。每次黑人想好好享受一下時,那些蠢得要命的黑鬼就會把事情搞砸。
    • 2008,「The N Word」,收錄於Greydon Square(作曲),The CPT Theorem:
      See, niggers are followers, blacks normally lead. / Niggers call blacks "whitewash" soon as they on the scene.
      你看,黑鬼總是隨波逐流,而黑人通常是領導者。/黑鬼一出場,就把黑人稱為「白化(洗白)的」。
    • 2010年 4月13日,Kitty Kelley,引用 an unnamed town resident,Oprah: A Biography,New York, N.Y.:Crown,→ISBN,→OL,193頁:
      Blacks stayed at home during the civil rights march. Niggers are the ones that marched.
      在民權遊行期間,黑人待在家裡。去遊行的那些人是黑鬼。
  2. (冒犯,種族歧視語,粗俗,参见用法说明) 黑鬼(属于任何皮肤通常为黑色的民族的人)
    • 1880年 6月19日,Henry Kendall,「My Piccaninny」,收錄於The Australian Town and Country Journal,28頁,第4列:
      He never lost his appetite - / He bigger grew and bigger; / And proved, with every inch of height, / A nigger is a nigger.
      他胃口從沒變差過——/他長得越來越大;/隨著他長高的一寸寸證明,/黑鬼就是個黑鬼。
    • 1913,Sir Arthur Conan Doyle,The Poison Belt‎[7]:
      "The public have taken no interest in the matter up to now, but this letter of Challenger's in the Times will make them wake up, I'm thinking." "And this about Sumatra?" "Well, it's a long cry from a blurred line in a spectrum to a sick nigger in Sumatra. And yet the chiel has shown us once before that he knows what he's talking about."
      「到目前為止,大眾對這件事都不感興趣,但我認為挑戰者在《泰晤士報》上的這封信會讓他們清醒過來。」「那關於蘇門答臘的這件事呢?」「好吧,從光譜上一條模糊的線到蘇門答臘的一個病懨懨的黑鬼,這中間差得可遠了。但那傢伙以前就曾向我們證明過他知道自己在說什麼。」
    • 1988,James H. Schlender(被引用者),「Written Testimony of James H. Schlender, Executive Administrator, Great Lakes Indian Fish and Wildlife Commission, May 18, 1988」,收錄於Anti-Indian Violence: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Civil and Constitutional Rights of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, second session, May 4 and 18, 1988‎[8],Washington, D.C.:United States Government Printing Office,1989 出版,→OCLC,197頁:
      At Crescent Lake in Oneida County, Hubert Locke, who is black and serves as the Dean of the University of Washington's School of Public Affairs, was confronted with words to the effect of, "Now the Commission has a nigger working for them" and "I guess there are two kinds of niggers—red niggers and black niggers"[...] These blatant manifestations of racism directed toward Mr. Locke serve to illustrate the racist attitudes experienced daily by tribal members.
      在奧奈達縣的新月湖,身為黑人並擔任華盛頓大學公共事務學院院長的休伯特·洛克,遭遇到類似這樣的話語:「現在委員會竟然有個黑鬼為他們工作了」,以及「我想有兩種黑鬼——紅種黑鬼和黑種黑鬼」[...]這些針對洛克先生的公然種族主義表現,正好說明了部落成員每天所經歷的種族主義態度。
  3. (非洲裔美國人白話) 兄弟,老哥
    • 2002年 1月13日,Earl Ofari Hutchinson,「"Loaded Language", a review of Nigger: The Strange Career of a Troublesome Word by Randall Kennedy」,收錄於Washington Post,BW06頁:
      I had overheard him greet a buddy who called him on the phone with "Yo, nigger, what's up?"
      我無意間聽到他接起電話,跟打來的朋友打招呼說:「喲,老哥,怎麼了?」
  4. (非洲裔美國人白話) 朋友,友仔
    • 1997,McKinley Lee,Chosen by Fate: My Life inside Death Row Records,→ISBN:
      “Snoop Dog!” one of them yelled. “That’s my nigga from Long Beach, man.”
      「史努比狗狗!」他們其中一人大喊。「那是我長灘的兄弟,老兄。」
    • 2001 Autumn-Winter,Awad Ibrahim,引用 ‘Sam’,「Hey, whadap homeboy?」,收錄於Taboo‎[9],94頁:
      I wonna say whassup to all my Niggers, you know, peace and one love.
      我想對我所有的兄弟說聲好,你知道的,和平與唯一的愛。
  5. (現冒犯) 黑色皮肤的动物:
    1. (現冒犯) 三尖鱾(Girella tricuspidata)
    2. (現冒犯,過時) 深褐色的蛱蝶科蝴蝶(Orsotriaena medus,南亚,东南亚和澳大利亚)
      • 1932,Gustavus Athol Waterhouse,What Butterfly is That?: A Guide to the Butterflies of Australia,112頁:
        Nigger (Male) Orsotriaena medus moira Waterhouse and Lyell. 1914.
        深褐蛺蝶(雄性) Orsotriaena medus moira Waterhouse and Lyell. 1914.
      • 2010,Khew Sin Khoon,A Field Guide to the Butterflies of Singapore,69頁:
        The Nigger is a common butterfly in Singapore and can be found in the company of bush browns.
        深褐蛺蝶是新加坡常見的蝴蝶,經常與眉眼蝶混在一起。
    3. (英國,康沃爾,渔业,古舊) 一种海参(Holothuria forskali)
    4. (古舊) 芜菁叶蜂的幼虫(农业害虫)
      • 1873,Nature,第7卷,448頁:
        To this group belongs the nigger, or black caterpillar of the turnip, which is often in sufficient numbers to do much mischief.
        這一類包含蕪菁葉蜂幼蟲,或者說蕪菁的黑色毛蟲,它們的數量通常多到足以造成巨大的破壞。
  6. (古舊,电力) 电导体包裹层中会导致部分短路的杂质
    • 1892,Western Electrician,11卷,72頁:
      Now to locate the portion of the machine which contains the "nigger."
      現在來找出機器裡藏有「雜質」的部分。
  7. (古舊,美國) (一些密西西比河船只上的)蒸汽起锚机
    • 1983,Goldenseal,第9卷,20頁:
      Well, it's a big heavy line, and you operate the nigger — capstan it's also called — by steam. You wrap your line around that and keep taking in the slack, and that draws up them things.
      好的,這是一條又大又重的繩索,你透過蒸汽來操作起錨機——它也叫絞盤。你把繩索繞在上面,然後不斷收緊鬆弛的部分,這樣就能把那些東西拉起來。
  8. (電影,古舊) 黑幕
    • 1961, Peter Snow, Electronic Flashlight Photography (page 114)
      Care should be taken to check visually from the position occupied by the subject and from the camera also, to ascertain that the nigger is positioned correctly and does not obstruct the picture area.
      應注意從主體所在位置以及相機位置進行目視檢查,以確保黑幕放置正確且不會遮擋到畫面區域。

用法说明

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  • “nigger”被认为是英语中冒犯意最强的词语之一。在Kristy Beers Fägersten于2007年的一项研究中,佛罗里达大学的本科生给12个英语贬义词打分(1分为“不冒犯”,10分为“非常冒犯”)时,参与者给 nigger 的分最高,几乎比第二高的词 cunt 高两分。[1]新西兰的广播标准机构在2010年和2013年分别进行了两次调研后得出 nigger 是新西兰第二名最具冒犯意的词(第一名为 cunt),两次调查显示这个词会冒犯66%和65%的调查参与人[2][3],几个英国广播组织开展的一项调查也显示 nigger 会冒犯68%的英国人,排在第5位(前面的词分别为 cunt、motherfucker、fuck 和 wanker)。[4]
  • 一些非洲裔曾尝试为这个词辩白(特别是形式 nigga),但是惹起了争议,一些人认为由于其历史阴暗,加之现在仍有贬义使用,这个词不能够被辩白。[5]无论如何,非黑人使用这个词仍旧带有极强的冒犯意。
  • “nigger”暗含极强的贬义色彩,不仅是蔑视性地称呼人皮肤黑,还暗指他们缺乏智力,长期无业,是社会蛀虫,毒品成瘾,倾向于犯罪等。[6]而且它还和白人殖民非洲、奴役黑人和非洲裔美国人有关。
  • 为了减轻其冒犯意,指代这个词时或者在直接引语中审查掉这个词时会用 n-word。
  • 不應將此詞和詞源上無關但發音相似的 niggard (“吝嗇鬼”) 混淆。

近义词

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(黑人的蔑称):

衍生词汇

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相关词汇

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动词

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nigger (第三人稱單數簡單現在時 niggers,現在分詞 niggering,簡單過去時和過去分詞 niggered)

  1. (及物,過時) 將輕巧的圓木橫放在樹幹上並在接觸點點燃,使樹木慢慢燒穿,以此來清理土地
    • 1844,J. W. Dunbar Moodie,「The Ould Dhragoon; or, a visit to the beaver meadow」,收錄於Literary garland,第2卷,Lovell & Gibson,360頁:
      […] he resorted to the practice of “niggering,” as it is called: which is simply laying light pieces of round timber across the trunks of the trees and setting fire to them at the point of contact; by which means the trees are slowly burned through.
      […] 他採取了所謂的「火燒木」做法:這只是將輕巧的圓木橫放在樹幹上,並在接觸點點火;透過這種方式讓樹木慢慢燒穿。
    • 1914,Indiana State Teachers Association,Readings in Indiana history,Indiana University,「History Section」,171頁:
      The operation was this: they placed smaller logs and dry rubbish across the log and applied fire to them; this was called “niggering”.
      操作是這樣的:他們將較小的圓木和乾枯的廢棄物橫放在原木上並點燃;這被稱為「火燒法」。
    • 1956,Joseph Kirkland,Zury: the meanest man in Spring County: a novel of western life,University of Illinois Press,40頁:
      All day long his axe rang through the frosty air as he felled saplings for the fence and stripped them from fuel for the “niggering” fires.
      他一整天都在冰冷的空氣中揮舞斧頭,砍伐用作圍欄的小樹,並將它們剝去枝葉作為「火燒法」火堆的燃料。
    • 1980,Elaine Hedges,William Hedges,Land and imagination: the rural dream in America,Hayden Book Co.,69頁:
      This means subduing and taming the forest itself—the central drama of The Fields—performing the hard labor of hacking the trees and “niggering” and burning the butts in order to get to the rich black soil underneath.
      這意味著要征服和馴服森林本身——《田野》一書的核心戲劇衝突——進行砍伐樹木、「火燒木」以及焚燒樹根的艱苦勞動,以便獲得下面肥沃的黑土。
  2. (及物,過時) 逐年種植卻不施肥,從而使(土壤)耗竭
  3. (不及物,現冒犯) 以黑臉扮裝表演
    • 1976,Cake and Cockhorse,第7卷,220頁:
      There is a general agreement that niggering took over from mummering to keep up the old custom.
      大家普遍認為,為了維持這項古老的習俗,扮黑人表演接替了傳統的默劇表演。
  4. (不及物,冒犯) 做出黑人刻板印象中的行径
    • 1989,Reynolds Price,The surface of earth,Ballantine Books,120頁:
      His father said, “Niggering, I was niggering about. You knew that surely.”
      他的父親說:「學黑鬼的樣,我剛就是在學黑鬼的樣。你肯定知道的。」
    • 2007,George Hovis,Vale of Humility: Plain Folk in Contemporary North Carolina Fiction,Univ of South Carolina Press,86頁:
      Forrest’s rediscovery of his father coincides with his discovery that old Robinson’s “niggering around” produced at least one child of mixed race.
      福雷斯特對他父親的重新認識,正好與他發現老羅賓遜「像個黑鬼般鬼混」生下至少一個混血兒的事情同時發生。
    • 2008,Joe Ambrose,Gimme Danger: The Story Of Iggy Pop,Music Sales Group:
      I mean he was niggering. Niggering out, grabbing at my leg and microphone cord. I said, ‘Stop that you damn nigger!’ and that takes guts!
      我的意思是他在發黑鬼瘋。像個黑鬼一樣發作,抓著我的腿和麥克風線。我說:「住手,你這個該死的黑鬼!」那可是需要膽量的!
  5. (不常見,及物,冒犯) 將……視為低劣;蔑視
    • 1997年 1月18日,Joe Frisch,「Anglo-US relations under a Blair Government」,收錄於uk.org.mensa‎[10](Usenet):
      The gated community is a powerful tool in the systematic and sustained niggering of local 3rd-world communities - namely, in the book, the Hispanic (mostly wetbacK[sic]) community[.]
      封閉式社區是有系統且持續地蔑視當地第三世界社區(在書中即指西班牙裔,主要是偷渡客社區)的強大工具。
    • 1999年 12月3日,Jeff Welch,「Who is McGuyver and why was he "niggered"?」,收錄於seattle.general, December 3‎[11](Usenet):
      > He is on TV saying that he was "abused" by the police and treated like a nigger.
      > 他在電視上說他遭到警察「虐待」,並且被當成黑鬼對待。
    • 2003年 7月16日,「Mob Attacks Palestinian Pollsters Who Told The Truth」,收錄於soc.retirement(Usenet):
      Why would many Paletinians[sic] want to return to a land where they would be "niggered" for the benefit of the Israelis as the present Palestinian population is[?]
      為什麼許多巴勒斯坦人會想回到那片土地,為了以色列人的利益而被「當成下等人般蔑視」,就像現在的巴勒斯坦人一樣?

参考

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  1. ↑ Module:Quote第1577行Lua错误:|date= should contain a full date (year, month, day of month); use |year= for year
  2. ↑ “What Not to Swear: The Acceptability of Words in Broadcasting”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[1], (Can we date this quote?), archived from the original on 7 4月 2015
  3. ↑ “What Not to Swear: The Acceptability of Words in Broadcasting, 2013”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[2], (Can we date this quote?), archived from the original on 3 2月 2021
  4. ↑ “"Delete expletives?"”, in (Please provide the book title or journal name)‎[3], (Can we date this quote?), archived from the original on 24 9月 2015
  5. ↑ Rachel Higson (28 September 2017), “Considering the N-Word: To Reject or Reclaim?”, in The Prindle Post‎[4], DePauw, Indiana: The Janet Prindle Institute for Ethics at DePauw University, archived from the original on November 26, 2020
  6. ↑ 參見: Stereotypes of African Americans在英語維基百科上的資料。維基百科 en

异序词

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