ISO

Inhlangano yamaZwe yokuVamisa (ngesiNgisi: International Organisation for Standardisation, isifingqo: ISO) iyinhlangano ezimele, engekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni othile wamazwewonke omhlaba okuthuthukisa ukuvamisa oqukathwa yizinhlangano zikazwelonke zamazwe angamalunga. Ukuvamisa kuyinqubo yokucwaninga nokunquma imigomo noma izinhlelo umkhakha noma izinhlobo zezinto ezithile kufanele ziqhutshwe noma ziqanjwe ngazo. Isb., izifingqo zamagama wamazwe zinqunywa yi-ISO ukuze amazwe onke aziwe ngesifingqogama esisodwa kuzo zonke izinhlelo, nezehlakalo lapho kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi kukhulunywa ngaliphi izwe.

Izimfuneko zokuba yilunga zilotshwe esahlukweni semiThetho ye-ISO. iNingizimu Afrika imelwe yiHhovisi laseNingizimu Afrika lezokuvamisa.

i-ISO yasungulwa ngomhla 23 kaNhlolanja 1947, futhi ishicilele imivamisa eziphezu kwama-25,000 kufika kuNtulikazi 2024 eziqukatha cishe zonke izinhlobo nezindikimba zobuchwepheshe nemiboni. Inamakomiti obuchwepheshe aphezu kwama-800 kanye namakomiti wangaphansi ukunakelela ukuthuthukiswa kwemivumalanisa.

Lenhlangano ithuthukisa futhi ishicilele imivamisa yamazwewonke emikhakheni yobuchwepheshe kanye engasiyobuchwephshe, ebandakanya imphahla eqanjiwe, ubuchwepheshe, ukuphepha kokudla, ukuthutha, ubuchwepheshe bolwazi, ezolimo, kanye nokwelapha. Eminye imikhakha egxilile kakhulu njengongcikisho wamazuba namaguxazuba anakekelwa yiKomishini yamaZwewonke yobuChwepheshezuba. Indlunkulu yayo iseVenier eSuwisi. Izilwimi ezintathu zasemthethweni ze-ISO ziyisiNgisi, isiFulenshi kanye nesiRashiya.

Igama nezifingqo

NgesiFulenshi yaziwa nelika-Organisation internationale de normalisation futhi ngesiRashiya yaziwa ngelika-Международная организация по стандартизации. Isifingqo sika-ISO sikhethwe ngoba kulezilwimi ezisetshenziswa yinhlangano ayokho neyodwa esebenzisa lesifingqo. Lokho kukhombisa ukngakhethi hlangothi.

Umlando

Lenhlangano eyaziwa ngelika-ISO kulezinsuku, yayisungulwe nge-1926 ngegama loBumbano wamaZwewonke weziNhlangano zeZizwe zokuvamisa (i-ISA) ewawuqonde kakhulu kwumngcikisho wokuguxazela. Lobumbano wawumisiwe isikhashange nge-1942 ngenxa Yempi Yomhlabawonke YesiBili. Kodwa emuva kokuphela kwempi, iZizwe eziHlangeneyo zihlongoze ukuba lobumbano ubumbe qisikhungo esintsha sokuvamisa.

NgoMfumfu 1946, izithunywa zeKomiti yokuQhuba ukuSebenzisana ngokezokuvamisa yeZizwe eziHlangeneyo kanye ne-ISA zihlangane eLondon. Lapho zavumelana ukwebumbana ukusungula i-ISO. Lenhlangano yaqala ukusebenza ngomhla 23 kaNhlolanja 1947.

Ukwakheka nokuhleleka

i-ISO iyinhlangano yokuzithandela enamalungu ayo ayiziphathimandla eziqashelwe ngamazwe awo ngokuvamisa; eyodwa imele izwe elilodwa. Amalungu ahlangana minyaka yonke oMgwamandeni Jikelele ukuze adingide izinhloso zamasu ze-ISO. Le nhlangano iqondiswa yihhovisi likanobhala eliphakathi, eliseVernier, eSifundazweni saseGeneva .

Amalungu

Kusukela ngo-2026, kunamalungu kazwelonke angu-175 amele i-ISO ezweni labo, futhi izwe ngalinye linelungu elilodwa kuphela.

I-ISO inezigaba ezintathu zobulungu,

Izinhlangano ezingamalungu ziyizinhlangano zikazwelonke ezibhekwa njengezinhlangano ezimele kakhulu ukuvamisa ezweni ngalinye. Lawa ngamalungu e-ISO kuphela anamalungelo okuvota.
Amalungu entatheli amazwe angenayo inhlangano yawo yokuvamisa. Lamalungu aziswa ngomsebenzi we-ISO, kodwa awahlanganyeli ekumenyezelweni kwemivumelaniso.
Amalungu ababhalisile amazwe aneminotho emincane. Bakhokha imali yobulungu encishisiwe, kodwa bangalandela ukuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso.

Ukuxhaswa ngokwezimali

I-ISO ixhaswa yinhlanganisela yemithombo yemali ngokulandelayo:

Izinhlangano eziphatha amaphrojekthi athile noma abolekisa ngabongcweti ukuhlanganisela emsebenzini obuchwepheshe
Ukubhalisa okuvela ezinhlanganweni ezingamalungu, okubhaliselwe kwazo okulingana nenani lomkhiqizo womnotho wezwe kanye nezibalo zokuhweba
Ukuthengiswa kwemivumeliso