IJaphani

IJaphani
日本国
Nippon-koku (Nihon-koku)

Isiqongo

ITokyo

Idolobha elikhulu

Ulimi

umongameli_igama

Inkolo

iJapani iyilizwe empumalanga kude yase-Eshiya eyiqukathwa iziqhingi zaseJapani. Abomdabu babiza izwelabo Nihon noma Nippon. Ibizo likaJapani lisuka olwimini lwesiPutukezi egameni lika Chippongu elibolekwe olwimini lwesiShayina olwaluhumusha izibheqe zesiJapani 日本 ezichaza "Ilizwe leLanga eliPhumayo"

Ezomchazamhlaba

Umhlaba weJapani uqukatha uchungechunge weziqhingi ezingamakhulu kodwa ezinkulu ezine: Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, kanye neShikoku. Iningi lobuso lwaseJapani linezintaba kanye namahlathi. Ingxenye yezwe ebanzi ehlangene eliyisicana lapho kungalinywa futhi abantu bangazinza khona mncane kepha wanele ukuxhasa inani labantu abandlula izigidi eziyikhulu namashumi amabili ikakhulu umthafo waseKanto lapho kunezidlavela ezinkulu: Tokyo, Nagato, Yokohama, Kawasaki, Chiba kanye neSaitama. Ulwandle lwangaphakthi olubizwa lakwaSeto lunamatheku emvelo enza kubelula ukuthi abantu baxhumane ngokuba abantu nezimpahla zingathuthwa ngemikhumbi. Kungakho kunezidlavela ezisogwini weSeto noma eziseduze nayo: Hiroshima, Okayama, Kobe, Takamatsu, kanye neFukuyama.

iJapani ihleli lapho ezokuzabazaba zihlangabezana khona ekuholele ekutheni, ukunyakaza komhlaba kuzala izintabamlilo. Lezintaba zikhiqiza umlotha onothile ngezithako ezivundisa umhlaba ukuthi usingathe izitshalo eziningi. Kungakho nakuba iningi lomhlaba waseJapani uyizintaba, ikwazile ukulima ukudla okwanele ukugcina inani elikhulu labantu eliphinda inani yaseNingizimu Afrika kabili nakuba ubungakho bendawo baseNingizimu Afrika buphinda obeJapani kantathu.

Isimo seZulu saseJapani asifani eziqhingini zayo ngokube iJapani ingamakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezimbili namakhulu ayisikhombisa ngobude kusukela eningizimu ukuya enyakatho. Kusukela eNingizimu, iJapani iqala eziqhingini zaseRyukyu noma-Okinawa. Lapho kufudumele, futhi kunemvula eningi. Eziqhingini zeHonshu, Shikoku kanye neKyushu, kufudumele ngohlobo kodwa kubanda ngasebusika. iHokkaido ibanda kakhulu ukundlula iziqhingi zonke zaseJapani. Ngasenyakatho, iJapani inomngcele okwelwandle neRashiya eqhingini laseSakhalin. Ngasempumalanga kunolwandle lwaseJapani bese ngasempumalanga kunolwandlekazi lwasePasifiki. Amaze aseduze ayiShayina, iKoriya, kanye neTaiwan.

iJapani inenkithinkithi yezilwane zomhlaba njengezinkawu zobuso ebomvu, ipanda ebomvu, indwe ememezayo, indwe yomqhele obomvu, kodwa iningi yenkithinkithi yeziphili isolwandle ngokuba amanzi olwandle aseJapani avundile kangangokuthi kube nezinhlanzi, imikhomo, izingwane, nezinhlengethwa. iJapani ilondoloze iningi lezihlathi zayo kodwa abakhukumeli bemvelo bayigxeka ngokuthi iminqubo yokudoba ishwabadela iziphili zasolwandle ngendlela engavuseleleki engaholela ekushabalalisweni kwezinhlobo zeziphili ezithile. Ngokujwayelekile, iJapani ayingcolanga, futhi uhulumende uphokophele ekulondolozweni kwemvelo esemhlabeni kanye nomoya. iJapani inezici zomumo womhlaba eziqhakanjisiwe njengeNtaba Fuji eheha abavakashi ngenxa yekhephu enetha kuyi ebusika.

Ezombusazwe

Ezombusazwe zaseJapani ziqutshwa ngohlaka wentandoyeningi yephalamende engaphansi kwobukhosi okomthethosisekelo. iTheno yaseJapani ingumbusi, inhloko yezwe kanye nophawu wobumbano wezwe laseJapani ngokomthethosisekelo. Ngokwenkolo yobuShinto, eyinkolo yomdabu yaseJapani, iTheno ingumzukulumzukulu ka-Ameterasu, iNkosazana yeLanga. Umuzi wakwaYamato ubuse iJapan ngomugqa wasehlongithini likayise. Iningi lomlando waseJapani, iTheno yayinguphawu kanye nomholo okwenkolo, amandla okubusa asezandleni zeShoguni. iShoguni yayingumbusi okwempela owayebusa neqembu lamadaishi namasamurai. Ngenxa yoMvuselelo kaMeiji, iTheno yabekwa engqangini yohlaka wombusazwe waseJapani. Emuva kokuthi iJapani yehlulwe futhi izinikele kuma Allied Powers emuva kweMpi yesiBili yoMhlabawonke, iTheno yaphucwa wonke amandla ayo ohlakeni wezombusazwe. Ngesiko lenhlonipho laseJapani, iTheno ayibizwa ngegama ezalwe ngalo kodwa kunegama lesikhathi sokubusa sakhe. Osesikhundleni manje uyiTheno Reiwa.

Isishayamthetho sikaZwelonke saseJapani sinezindlu ezimbili: indlu yangaphansi ibizwa iShūgiin (iShugini) bese indlu yangaphezulu ibizwa iSangiin (iSangini). Izihlalo zihlakaniswe ngezigamu ezimbili ezikhethwa ngezindlela ezihlukile: uhlaka lwelunga elilodwa lwesifunda sokhetho kanye nohlaka wohlu weqembu lombusazwe ngokwenani lamavoti. uNdunankulu ungusihlalo weKhabhinethi futhi uqoka aboNgqongqoshe abangamalunga ayo. uNdunankulu uyinhloko yehulumende yaseJapani. Iningi lomlando weJapani ngasemuva kweMpi yesiBili yoMhlabawonke, iJapani yayibuswa iqembu lezombusazwe elilodwa: iQembu eliKhululekile laseJapani. uShinzo Abe wayenguNdunankulu ophethe isikhathi eside ukundla onke oNdunankulu. Osesikhundleni mamuhla nguSane Takaichi okhethwe ngezi-2026 ongowesifazane okuqala ukuba nguNdunankulu waseJapani.

Nakuba endulo, uhlelo lokwehlulela laseJapani lalizifanisa nohlaka lomthetho laseShayina, ngenkathi yase-Edo, uhlaka womthetho uzimilele ngaphandle kwethonya langaphandle. Kusukela ikhulu leminyaka eyi-19, uhlaka wokwehlulela uhlonye esisekelweni somthetho waseYurophu ikakhulu iJapani. Umthetho olotshiweyo waseJapani uqoqwe emiqulwini eyisithupha futhi uMthethosisekelo waseJapani awukakaguqulwa kusukela 1947. iNkantolo ePhakemeyo isesiqongweni sohlaka wezokwehlulela futhi inezizinga ezintathu ngaphansi kwayo.

Ubudlelwane namazwe

iJapani iyilunga leZizwe eziHlangeneyo futhi iyinye yamazwe we-G4 akhankasela ukuguqulwa kwoMkhandlu wezoPhepho. Iyilunga leG7, i-APEC kanye neASEAN plus Three futhi iyabandakanywa esiQongweni saseMpumalanga Eshiya. Ingumnikeli owesithathu wosizo wentuthuko okomthetho (unikeze izigidi eziyi-9.2 USD nge-2014) futhi unoxhoxho wamanxusa owesine emhlabeni. Ngenxa yethonya okwesiko, ingcebo yayo kanye kamandle wempi, ubonwa njengezwe elikhulu emhlabeni. Inomfelandawonye okwezokuvikela neMelika. Iphikisana neRosiya mayelana ubumini beziqhingi zaseNingizimu Kuril kanye neShayina mayelana iziqhingi zaseSenkaku kanye nokuzimela kwaseTaiwan.

Ezokuvikela

Amabutho okuziVikela waseJapani enzindleko eziyi-1.4 ekhulwini loMkhiqizo waseKhaya oPhelele futhi zingelesishumi zesabelomali sezempi emhlabeni. Isahluko sesi-9 soMthethosisekelo sikhawula ikhono leJapani lokumemeza impi kanye nokusebenzisa mandla okwezempi ukuxazulula ukuphikisana namazwe kepha iyakwazi ukuthumela amajoni emikhankasweni yokugcina ukuthula.

Ukuphoqelela komthetho

Iminyango yamaphoyisa yezifundazwe iphoqelela umthetho futhi igcina ukuthula eJapani ngaphansi kweso lwoPhiko lukaZwelonke lwezobuPhoyisa. KuneThimba eliKhethekile lokuHlasela elibandakanya amathimba akhethekile okunqanda ubuphekuli. iViko loGu laseJapani liphoqelela umthetho elwandle. Izehlakalo zokubulalana kwabantu, ukuthunjwa, udlame okwecansi nokutshontsha zincani kakhulu eJapani kangangokuthi iJapani isezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu lamazwe aphephile.

Amalungelo abantu

iJapani ibulala ngokomthetho, inokubandlulula okwehlanga kwezobuphoyisa, ayivumeli umshado wabobulili obufanayo futhi inokungalingani ngokobulili obubhekene kwabesifazane. Ezinhlwini eziningi, iJapani isezingeni eliphezulu lamalungelo abantu ikakhulu okubhikisha, okugxeka umbuo, okuzikhulumela, okuphathwa ngokulingana kwezobulungiswa futhi nokunghlukunyezwa ngokomzimba njengesijeziso noma inqubo okwembula ulwazi kwezithunywa zombuso.

Ezomnotho

iJapani inomnotho owesine emhlabeni ngasemuva kweShayina, iMelika neJalimani, ngomkhiqizo wasekhaya ophelele (GDP; Umkhikhaphe) osobala wezigidintathu ezi-4.3 USD futhi umnotho ungowesihlanu okomkhiqizo wasekahaya ophelele ngokuqhathanisa amandla okuthenga oyizigidintathu ezi.7.3 USD. Inhlobo yemali esetshenziswa eJapani iyiYen (isifingqo: JPY). iJapani inenani labasebenzi besishumi emhlabeni abayizigidi ezingama-69. Imali yaseJapani ingelesithathu lemali egciniweyo yomhlaba emuva kweDola yaseMelika (USD) ne-Euro (EUR). iJapan ingumthekelisi wesishiyagalombili kanye nomthengi wamazwe owesithupha. Umthekeliso uqukatha ama-22.8 ekhulwini woMkhikhaphe. Amazwe ahamba phambili ekuhwebeni neJapani ayiShayina kanye neMelika. Impahla ethekeliswayo ehamba phambili yizimoto; izingudla zensimbi nenqimbi, izidlulisiqeku, kanye nezingxenye zemoto. Impahla engeniswayo ehamba phambili yizinguxa, izibaseli zetshe, ukuya emthunjeni, iziqa noma imumbu, kanye nazethako ezemvelo/ezingakasetshenzwa.

Uhlaka omnotho uhamba ngobuhlohlesakhe. Impilo okomnotho inezici njengokusebenza amahora amade, izinkampani ezinkulu ezengamela izimboni eziningi ezingaphansi kobumnini obusisulu ezibizwa keiretsu, ukukhuphula ezinqwini zezinkampani ngenxa yobudala, kanye nomqasha kanomphela wempilo yonke. iJapani yaziwe ngekhono lokhu kanda izingudla zamazuba ikakhulu imidlalo yesicikizi, izicikizi njl njl. Futhi iJapani inomkhakha wezinkonzo omkhulu ikakhulu kwezamabhange, zokudayisa, zentutho, kanye nezokuxhumakude. Inezinkampani ezimbalwa ezidumile ngaphesheyo ngokhulu bazo nethonya lazo: Toyota, Mitsubishi, Honda, Yamaha, Hitachi, Nissan, Sony njl njl.

iJapani ikwelesikhombisa ngokudoba izinhlanzi ekuholele ekugxekweni kweJapani ngokuba inhlobo yodobo ikakhulu ekudotshweni kwetuna kanye nokuzingela imikhomo iholele ekutheni imitapo yezinhlanzi ingqanjisiwe. Ngokuba mncane umhlaba weJapani olimekayo (11%), ukudla okuningi kuyangeniswa. Lesimo siyongezwa ukuthi iningi labalimi liyakhokhobala kodwa abekho abasha abathatha izibopha kubo kungakho umbuso uwuvikele lomkhakha futhi uwuxhasa okwemali.

Izindleko zocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa zikwelesikhombisa ngobukhulu emhlabeni. iJapani ingumhlinzeki wezithununu ohamba phambili (34% ngezi-2024, phansi kwama-55% ngezi-2017). Uphiko wokuHlola ezoMoyamkhathi yaseJapani iqhuba ucwaninga kwezomkhathi ikakhulu imizulane kanye nokwakha izivoko.