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Hendersonite
A valid IMA mineral species
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About Hendersonite
Edward P. Henderson
Formula:
(Ca,Sr)1.3V6O16 · 6H2O
Colour:
Dark greenish black to black, turning brown on exposure to air.
Lustre:
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Pearly
Hardness:
2½
Specific Gravity:
2.77 - 2.79
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
Named by M.L. Lindberg, A.D. Weeks, M.E. Thompson, D.P. Elston, R. Meyrowitz in 1962 in honour of Dr. Edward Porter Henderson (31 December 1898, Columbus, Ohio, U.S.A – 12 September 1992, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.), formerly Curator of Meteorites at the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., USA, who contributed to the knowledge of the mineralogy of U–V deposits.
This page provides mineralogical data about Hendersonite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
1863
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:1863:6
IMA Classification of Hendersonite
Approved
IMA Formula:
Ca1.3(V5+,V4+)6O16·6H2O
First published:
1962
Classification of Hendersonite
4.HG.50
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
G : Unclassified V oxides
4 : OXIDES (Hydroxides, V[5,6] vanadates, arsenites, antimonites, bismuthites, sulfites, selenites, tellurites, iodates)
H : V[5,6] Vanadates
G : Unclassified V oxides
47.3.1.4
47 : VANADIUM OXYSALTS
3 : Hydrated Normal Vanadium Oxysalts
47 : VANADIUM OXYSALTS
3 : Hydrated Normal Vanadium Oxysalts
21.2.6
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
2 : Vanadates of Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba
21 : Vanadates (and vanadates with arsenate or phosphate)
2 : Vanadates of Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Hdr | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Pronunciation of Hendersonite
Pronunciation:
| Play | Recorded by | Country |
|---|---|---|
| Jolyon Ralph | United Kingdom |
Physical Properties of Hendersonite
Sub-Adamantine, Vitreous, Pearly
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Dark greenish black to black, turning brown on exposure to air.
Hardness:
2½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Sectile
Cleavage:
Perfect
parallel to platiness
parallel to platiness
Density:
2.77 - 2.79 g/cm3 (Measured) 2.805 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Hendersonite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 2 nβ = 2.1 nγ = 2.1
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.100
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (-0°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (-0°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Dispersion:
relatively weak
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
absorption is X yellow green, Y green, and Z yellow brown to brown.
Comments:
α = < 2.01 β = > 2.01 γ = > 2.01 2V(meas.) = Medium.
Chemistry of Hendersonite
Mindat Formula:
(Ca,Sr)1.3V6O16 · 6H2O
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Hendersonite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Cell Parameters:
a = 12.40(4) Å, b = 18.92(8) Å, c = 10.77(3) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.655 : 1 : 0.569
Unit Cell V:
2,526.73 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
3
Morphology:
microscopic fibers or blades, more rarely as elongated six-sided platy crystals; in bundles of fibers or subparallel aggregates
Comment:
Point Group: 2/m2/m2/m or mm2; Space Group: Pnam or Pna21
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 9.43 Å | (100) |
| 6.20 Å | (11) |
| 5.18 Å | (11) |
| 4.70 Å | (17) |
| 3.108 Å | (36) |
| 2.309 Å | (11) |
| 2.257 Å | (16) |
Comments:
Nelson Point mine, New Mexico, USA. Data from the type description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Hendersonite
Co-Type Localities:
General Appearance of Type Material:
aggregates of microscopic bladed to fibrous crystals
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
National Museum of Natural History, Washington, D.C., USA, 115888, 121955, 162609.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Partially oxidized uranium ore.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Hendersonite
Other Language Names for Hendersonite
Relationship of Hendersonite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Hewettite Group:
| Barnesite | (Na,Ca)V6O16 · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m : P2/m |
| Grantsite | (Na,Ca)2+x(V5+,V4+)6O16 · 4H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Hewettite | CaV6O16 · 9H2O | Mon. 2/m : P21/m |
| Metahewettite | CaV6O16 · 3H2O | Mon. 2/m |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 2 photos of Hendersonite associated with Corvusite | (Na,K,Ca,Mg)2(V5+,V4+,Fe2+)8O20 · 6-10H2O |
| 1 photo of Hendersonite associated with Navajoite | Fe3+V5+9O24 · 12H2O |
| 1 photo of Hendersonite associated with Pascoite | Ca2Ca(V10O28) · 17H2O |
| 1 photo of Hendersonite associated with Montroseite | (V3+,Fe3+)O(OH) |
| 1 photo of Hendersonite associated with Uraninite | UO2 |
| 1 photo of Hendersonite associated with 'Sandstone' | |
| 1 photo of Hendersonite associated with 'IMA2013-105' | Ni5P4 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 4.HG. | Calciodelrioite | Ca(VO3)2 · 4H2O |
| 4.HG. | Trebiskyite | Na3Mg2[TiV9O28] · 22H2O |
| 4.HG. | Cadvanite | Cd(VO3)2 |
| 4.HG.05 | Fervanite | Fe3+4V5+4O16 · 5H2O |
| 4.HG.10 | Huemulite | Na4Mg(V10O28) · 24H2O |
| 4.HG.15 | Vanalite | NaAl9V12O42(OH)4 · 33H2O |
| 4.HG.20 | Simplotite | CaV4+4O9 · 5H2O |
| 4.HG.25 | Vanoxite | V4+4V5+2O13 · 8H2O |
| 4.HG.30 | Navajoite | Fe3+V5+9O24 · 12H2O |
| 4.HG.35 | Delrioite | Sr(VO3)2 · 4H2O |
| 4.HG.40 | Metadelrioite | CaSr(V2O6)(OH)2 |
| 4.HG.45 | Barnesite | (Na,Ca)V6O16 · 3H2O |
| 4.HG.55 | Grantsite | (Na,Ca)2+x(V5+,V4+)6O16 · 4H2O |
| 4.HG.60 | Lenoblite | V4+2O4 · 2H2O |
| 4.HG.65 | Satpaevite | Al12V4+2V5+6O37 · 30H2O |
| 4.HG.70 | Pandoraite-Ba | BaV4+5V5+2O16 · 3H2O |
| 4.HG.70 | Pandoraite-Ca | CaV4+5V5+2O16 · 3H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Hendersonite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-1863.html
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Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Hendersonite
Reference List:
Lindberg, M. L., Weeks, A. D., Thompson, M. E., Elston, D. P., Meyrowitz, Robert (1962) Hendersonite, a new calcium vanadyl vanadate from Colorado and New Mexico. American Mineralogist, 47 (11-12) 1252-1272
Localities for Hendersonite
Showing 8 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
USA | |
| Chenoweth (1994) |
| Minerals of Colorado 2nd ed. +1 other reference |
| Eckel et al. (1997) |
| Kampf et al. (2013) |
| In the collection of Alex Earl | |
| NMBGMR Open-file Report - 466. +1 other reference |
| Collected by and in the collection of ... |
| Joe Marty Collection |
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Effie F. Mine, Polar Mesa, Gateway Mining District, Grand County, Utah, USA