Landesite
A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About Landesite
Kenneth K. Landes
Formula:
Mn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O
Colour:
red brown; yellowish brown in transmitted light
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
3 - 3½
Specific Gravity:
3.026
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Member of:
Name:
In honor of Kenneth Knight Landes (10 May 1899, Seattle Washington, USA - 21 November 1981, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA), Professor of Geology, University of Michigan, who extensively studied the pegmatites of Maine, USA and established modern ideas of granite pegmatite paragenesis in 1925.
Type Locality:
Isostructural with:
Occurs as an alteration product of reddingite.
Compare the chemically closely related correianevesite.
Compare the chemically closely related correianevesite.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
2318
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2318:0
Similar Names
| Andesite | A rock classification type | |
| Andesite (of Dana) | A synonym of 'Andesine' | |
| Landerite | A synonym of 'Rosolite' | |
| Lindesite | A synonym of 'Urbanite' | |
| Lindseite | A synonym of 'Lindsayite' | |
| Lintisite | A valid IMA mineral species | LiNa3Ti2(Si2O6)2O2 · 2H2O |
IMA Classification of Landesite
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mn2+9Fe3+3(PO4)8(OH)3(H2O)9
Classification of Landesite
8.CC.05
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1.5
8 : PHOSPHATES, ARSENATES, VANADATES
C : Phosphates without additional anions, with H2O
C : With only medium-sized cations, RO4:H2O = 1:1.5
40.3.2.4
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
40 : HYDRATED NORMAL PHOSPHATES,ARSENATES AND VANADATES
3 : A3(XO4)2·xH2O
19.12.18
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
19 : Phosphates
12 : Phosphates of Mn
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Lds | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Landesite
Sub-Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Red brown; yellowish brown in transmitted light
Hardness:
3 - 3½ on Mohs scale
Hardness Data:
Measured
Cleavage:
Perfect
On {010}, perfect; one poor at right angles to the perfect cleavage.
On {010}, perfect; one poor at right angles to the perfect cleavage.
Density:
3.026 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.210 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Landesite
Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.720 nβ = 1.728 nγ = 1.735
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.015
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (86°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
No measured or calculated 2V is on file for this mineral, so the value used here (86°) is estimated from its recorded refractive indices and optic sign, not from a direct 2V measurement.
Dispersion:
r < v moderate
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X (┴ to the inferior cleavage) = Dark brown
Y = Light brown
Z (┴ to the best cleavage) = Yellow
Y = Light brown
Z (┴ to the best cleavage) = Yellow
Comments:
2V(meas.) = Large
Chemistry of Landesite
Mindat Formula:
Mn2+3-xFe3+x(PO4)2(OH)x · (3-x)H2O
Crystallography of Landesite
Crystal System:
Orthorhombic
Class (H-M):
mmm(2/m2/m2/m) - Dipyramidal
Cell Parameters:
a = 9.458(3) Å, b = 10.185(2) Å, c = 8.543(2) Å
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.929 : 1 : 0.839
Unit Cell V:
822.94 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Dipyramidal
Comment:
Space Group: P bna
Crystal Structure
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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4
Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
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CIF File Best | x | y | z | a | b | c
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0014472 | Landesite | Moore P B, Araki T, Kampf A R (1980) Nomenclature of the phosphoferrite structure type: refinements of landesite and kryzhanovskite Mineralogical Magazine 43 789-795 |  | 1980 | 0 | 293 |
CIF Raw Data - click here to close
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.207 Å | (100) |
| 5.096 Å | (54) |
| 3.163 Å | (35) |
| 2.758 Å | (29) |
| 4.284 Å | (27) |
| 2.630 Å | (24) |
| 3.090 Å | (23) |
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 34 : Complex granite pegmatites | |
| Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event | <2.4 |
| 47a : [Near-surface hydration of prior minerals] | |
| 47c : [Carbonates, phosphates, borates, nitrates] | |
| 47e : [Vanadates, chromates, manganates] |
Type Occurrence of Landesite
General Appearance of Type Material:
massive
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA USA, 91214
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Granite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Landesite
Relationship of Landesite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Reddingite Group:
| Correianevesite | Fe2+Mn2+2(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Garyansellite | Mg2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Kryzhanovskite | (Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3 | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) |
| Phosphoferrite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmna |
| Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O | Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pmna |
Common Associates
Associations Based on Photo Data:
| 10 photos of Landesite associated with Vivianite | Fe2+Fe2+2(PO4)2 · 8H2O |
| 9 photos of Landesite associated with Triphylite | LiFe2+PO4 |
| 6 photos of Landesite associated with Correianevesite | Fe2+Mn2+2(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 4 photos of Landesite associated with Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 2 photos of Landesite associated with Hureaulite | Mn2+5(PO3OH)2(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 2 photos of Landesite associated with Metaswitzerite | Mn2+3(PO4)2 · 4H2O |
| 1 photo of Landesite associated with Fairfieldite | Ca2Mn2+(PO4)2 · 2H2O |
| 1 photo of Landesite associated with Rockbridgeite | (Fe2+0.5Fe3+0.5)2Fe3+3(PO4)3(OH)5 |
| 1 photo of Landesite associated with Mitridatite | Ca2Fe3+3(PO4)3O2 · 3H2O |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 8.CC. | Correianevesite | Fe2+Mn2+2(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.CC.05 | Reddingite | (Mn2+,Fe2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.CC.05 | Garyansellite | Mg2Fe3+(PO4)2(OH) · 2H2O |
| 8.CC.05 | Phosphoferrite | (Fe2+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2 · 3H2O |
| 8.CC.05 | Kryzhanovskite | (Fe3+,Mn2+)3(PO4)2(OH,H2O)3 |
| 8.CC.10 | Kaatialaite | Fe3+[AsO2(OH)2]3 · 5H2O |
| 8.CC.15 | Leogangite | Cu10(AsO4)4(SO4)(OH)6 · 8H2O |
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Landesite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-2318.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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External Links:
Mineral Dealers:
References for Landesite
Reference List:
Berman, Harry, Gonyer, F. A. (1930) Pegmatite minerals of Poland, Maine. American Mineralogist, 15 (8) 375-387
Localities for Landesite
Showing 19 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Brazil | |
| Tom Loomis +1 other reference |
Bulgaria | |
| Kunov et al. (1997) |
Germany | |
| Weiß (1990) |
| web.archive.org (2001) | |
| Kastning et al. (1996) +2 other references | |
Namibia | |
| von Bezing (2007) |
Poland | |
| Włodek et al. (2015) |
| Pieczka et al. (2015) |
Rwanda | |
| Daltry et al. (1998) |
Spain | |
| Calvo Rebollar et al. (2022) |
Switzerland | |
| Weiß (1989) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| Januzzi (1994) |
| Mineralogy of Maine |
| King et al. (1994) |
| |
| King et al. (1991) +1 other reference |
| Ongoing study of Ryerson pegmatite by ... +1 other reference |
| original reference lost +1 other reference |
| Morrill |
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Hagendorf South Pegmatite, Hagendorf, Waidhaus, Neustadt an der Waldnaab District, Upper Palatinate, Bavaria, Germany