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Låvenite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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01241310017271924703392.jpg
Låvenite

Água de Pau Volcano, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal
00568590017271924732264.jpg
Låvenite

Laacher See Volcanic Complex, Germany
07981930017271924758963.jpg
Låvenite, etc.

In den Dellen quarries, Mendig, Mendig, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
01241310017271924703392.jpg
Låvenite

Água de Pau Volcano, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal
08068990017866377573493.jpg
Låvenite

Laacher See Volcanic Complex, Germany
07981930017271924758963.jpg
Låvenite, etc.

In den Dellen quarries, Mendig, Mendig, Mayen-Koblenz, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
01241310017271924703392.jpg
Låvenite

Água de Pau Volcano, São Miguel, Azores, Portugal
00568590017271924732264.jpg
Låvenite

Laacher See Volcanic Complex, Germany
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About LåveniteHide

08650150017271924818878.jpg
The mineral rich Låven Island

Låven, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway
Formula:
Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2
Formula from Dal Bo et al. (2022).
Colour:
Colorless to brownish-yellow, brown, brownish-red, orange-brown.
Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
3.4 - 3.55
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for the type locality, Låven island, Langesundsfjord, Norway by the Norwegian geologist and mineralogist Waldemar Christopher Brøgger (10 November 1851 – 17 February 1940). In 1875, Brøgger and Hans Reusch had found, in a nepheline syenite pegmatite at Låven, a mineral first assumed by Brøgger to be mosandrite (Brøgger 1878). Later he recognized it as a new mineral and gave a preliminary description (Brøgger 1885).
A more detailed description was published by Brøgger (1890). The crystal structure was solved by Mellini (1981) and refined on samples from Lovozero, Russia by Simenov and Belov (1960) and from Los Archipelago, Guinea by Biagoni et al. (2012).
Dal Bo et al. (2022) reviewed the data on låvenite in their paper on the wöhlerite group minerals.
Isostructural with:
Normandite
A sorosilicate belonging to the wöhlerite group. Forms a solid solution-series with normandite, where låvenite is the Zr- and normandite the Ti-endmember.

May be the Mn analogue of UM2003-34-SiO:CaFFeMnNaNbTiZr; and also the Mn analogue of madeiraite (?).

The structure of Låvenite structure can be described as four-columns wide "octahedral" walls interconnected by corner-sharing and via disilicate groups. Structural and chemical data indicate cationic substitution on the four X sites. X2 and X4, which are the largest sites in the "octahedral" wall, are dominated by Ca and Na, respectively. The site X3 is dominated by Mn2+ and X1, the smallest site, is dominated by Zr (Dal Bo et al. 2022)



Name EncodingHide

ASCII-7:
Lavenite

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
2462
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:2462:0

Similar NamesHide

BaveniteA valid IMA mineral species - grandfatheredCa4Be2Al2Si9O26(OH)2
LaverniteA variety of Periclase
LevyniteA synonym of Lévyne

IMA Classification of LåveniteHide

IMA status:
Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
(Na,Ca)2(Mn2+,Fe2+)(Zr4+,Ti4+,Nb5+)(Si2O7)(O,F)2
First published:
1885
Type description reference:
Brögger, W. C. (1885) Forelöbig meddelelse om to nye norske mineraler, Låvenit og Cappelenit. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 7 (10) 598-600 doi:10.1080/11035898509443558

Classification of LåveniteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):
9.BE.17

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
B : Sorosilicates
E : Si2O7 groups, with additional anions; cations in octahedral [6] and greater coordination
Dana 7th ed.:
56.2.4.4
Dana 8th ed.:
56.2.4.4

56 : SOROSILICATES Si2O7 Groups, With Additional O, OH, F and H2O
2 : Si2O7 Groups and O, OH, F, and H2O with cations in [4] and/or >[4] coordination
Hey's CIM Ref.:
14.10.27

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
10 : Silicates of Zr or Hf

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
LåvIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of LåveniteHide

Lustre:
Vitreous, Greasy
Transparency:
Transparent, Translucent
Colour:
Colorless to brownish-yellow, brown, brownish-red, orange-brown.
Streak:
Yellowish-white; pale brown
Hardness:
6 on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Distinct/Good
Good on {100}
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.4 - 3.55 g/cm3 (Measured)    3.498 g/cm3 (Calculated)

Optical Data of LåveniteHide

Type:
Biaxial (-)
RI values:
nα = 1.67 nβ = 1.69 nγ = 1.72
2V:
Measured: 40° to 70°, Calculated: 80°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.050
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure - the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are isogyres.

Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
r < v perceptible
Optical Extinction:
Y = b; Z ∧ c = -20°.
Pleochroism:
Visible
Comments:
X = colorless, pale yellow; Y = colorless, pale greenish yellow; Z = very pale yellow, orange to brownish yellow.
Comments:
Absorption: Z > Y > X.

Chemistry of LåveniteHide

Mindat Formula:
Na2Ca2Mn2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2

Formula from Dal Bo et al. (2022).
Element Weights:
Element% weight
O31.037 %
Zr22.121 %
Si13.621 %
Mn13.322 %
Ca9.718 %
Na5.575 %
F4.607 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
O
Zr
Si
Mn
Ca
Na
F
Elements listed:
Ca, F, Mn, Na, O, Si, Zr - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Chemical AnalysisHide

Oxide wt%:
 1234
SiO229.63 %26.93 %28.9 %29.72 %
TiO22.35 %4.30 %3.2 %3.22 %
ZrO228.79 %21.70 %27.2 %27.40 %
Fe2O34.73 %
(Nb, Ta)2O55.20 %
MnO5.59 %11.66 %5.3 %5.54 %
CaO9.70 %7.74 %8.2 %8.32 %
Na2O10.77 %10.59 %11.9 %12.44 %
LOI2.24 %
Nb2O56.10 %6.0 %4.73 %
HfO20.36 %0.7 %
ThO20.03 %
Y2O30.19 %0.83 %0.23 %
Ce2O30.06 %
Pr2O30.04 %
Nd2O30.03 %
Sm2O30.12 %
Gd2O30.09 %
Dy2O30.07 %
Er2O30.06 %
Yb2O30.06 %
MgO0.09 %0.11 %0.12 %
FeO2.48 %3.6 %3.86 %
F5.60 %3.44 %4.68 %
O=F-2.36 %-1.45 %-1.97 %
Al2O30.02 %
Ta2O50.2 %
REE2O30.47 %
Total:99 %95.94 %98.62 %98.29 %
Sample references:
IDLocalityReferenceNotes
1Natrolittodden, Vesle Arøya, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway
Brøgger, Waldemar Christofer (1890) Die Mineralien der Syenitpegmatitgänge der südnorwegischen Augit- und Nephelinsyenite. Zeitschrift für Krystallographie und Mineralogie, 16 (1). 1-893
wet-chemical analysis by Cleve
2Los Archipelago, Conakry Region, Guinea
Biagioni, C., Merlino, S., Parodi, G. C., Perchiazzi, N. (2012) Crystal chemistry of minerals of the wöhlerite group from the Los Archipelago, Guinea. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (3) 593-609 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.3.593
Electron microprobe
3Natrolittodden, Vesle Arøya, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway
Friis, Henrik, Balic-Žunić, Tonči (2010) Minerals of the låvenite group from south Greenland and Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 43. 35-39
EMPA + ICPMS data. 5mm brown, elongated crystal
4Langesundsfjorden, Norway
Mellini, M. (1981) Refinement of the crystal structure of låvenite. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 28 (2) Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 99-112 doi:10.1007/bf01081548
electron microprobe

Crystallography of LåveniteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P21/c
Setting:
P21/a
Cell Parameters:
a = 10.83(1) Å, b = 9.98(1) Å, c = 7.174(5) Å
β = 108.1°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.085 : 1 : 0.719
Unit Cell V:
737.02 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
4
Morphology:
Crystals prismatic parallel to [100] or tabular. Also acicular radial, fibrous, granular, or massive. Forms include {100}, {110}, {111}, {101}.
Twinning:
Polysynthetic on {100}.

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
3.97 Å(50)
3.21 Å(70)
2.89 Å(100)
2.82 Å(90)
2.00 Å(50)
1.792 Å(50)
1.649 Å(40)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks>3.0
35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks

Type Occurrence of LåveniteHide

Type Locality:
ⓘ Låven, Larvik Commune, Vestfold, Norway
General Appearance of Type Material:
Chest-nut brown to yellow elongated, prismatic crystals.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden inventory nr. 531056
Geological Setting of Type Material:
nepheline syenite pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Leucophanite
Reference:
Brögger, W. C. (1885) Forelöbig meddelelse om to nye norske mineraler, Låvenit og Cappelenit. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 7 (10) 598-600 doi:10.1080/11035898509443558

Synonyms of LåveniteHide

Other Language Names for LåveniteHide

Varieties of LåveniteHide

Titan-låveniteA name used by petrologists, but mineralogically a titanium-rich låvenite.

Relationship of Låvenite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:
Wöhlerite Group
Other Members of Wöhlerite Group:
BaghdaditeCa6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4Mon. 2/m : P21/c
BurpaliteNa2CaZr(Si2O7)F2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4Mon. 2/m : P21/c
HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
Janhaugite(Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
MadeiraiteNa2Ca2Fe2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
MoxuanxueiteNaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
Niocalite(Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2Mon. m
NormanditeNaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OFMon. 2/m : P21/c
PilanesbergiteNa2Ca2Fe2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3FMon. 2 : P21

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
50 photos of Låvenite associated with WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3F
17 photos of Låvenite associated with SanidineK(AlSi3O8)
14 photos of Låvenite associated with Augite(CaxMgyFez)(Mgy1Fez1)Si2O6
13 photos of Låvenite associated with MicroclineK(AlSi3O8)
10 photos of Låvenite associated with AegirineNaFe3+Si2O6
9 photos of Låvenite associated with Kupletskite Group
8 photos of Låvenite associated with AstrophylliteK2NaFe2+7Ti2[Si4O12]2O2(OH)4F
6 photos of Låvenite associated with Pyroxene GroupADSi2O6
6 photos of Låvenite associated with AlbiteNa(AlSi3O8)
5 photos of Låvenite associated with PhlogopiteKMg3(AlSi3O10)(OH)2

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.BE.ZinkgruvaniteBa4Mn2+4Fe3+2(Si2O7)2(SO4)2O2(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.Calciomurmanite(Na,◻)2Ca(Ti,Mg,Nb)4[Si2O7]2O2(OH,O)2(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.CámaraiteBa3Na(Fe2+,Mn)8Ti4(Si2O7)4O4(OH,F)7Tric. 1
9.BE.AlfredcaspariteSr2TiO(Si2O7)Tet. 4mm : P4bm
9.BE.Batievaite-(Y)Y2Ca2Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.Nacareniobsite-(Y)Na3Ca3YNb(Si2O7)2OF3Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.Alexkuznetsovite-(Ce)Ce2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.BobshannoniteNa2KBa(Mn,Na)8(Nb,Ti)4(Si2O7)4O4(OH)4(O,F)2Tric.
9.BE.ParalomonosoviteNa6◻4Ti4(Si2O7)2[PO3OH][PO2(OH)2]O2(OF)Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.MadeiraiteNa2Ca2Fe2Zr2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.BortolaniteCa2(Ca1.5Zr0.5)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.Longshoushanite-(Ce)Ce4MgAl2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.MoxuanxueiteNaCa6Zr(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.Delhuyarite-(Ce)Ce4Mg(Fe3+,W)3◻(Si2O7)2O6(OH)2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.Christofschäferite-(Ce)Ce3CaMnTiFe3+Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BE.XAsimowiteFe2+4O(Si2O7)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.BE.Biraite-(La)La2Fe2+(CO3)(Si2O7)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.PilanesbergiteNa2Ca2Fe2Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.02WadsleyiteMg4O(Si2O7)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.BE.02Ohtaniite Mg3(Si0.5◻0.5)Si2O8Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Imma
9.BE.05LawsoniteCaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05HennomartiniteSrMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05CortesognoiteCaV2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.05NoelbensoniteBaMn3+2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mm2
9.BE.05ItoigawaiteSrAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2 · H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.07IlvaiteCaFe3+Fe2+2(Si2O7)O(OH)Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.BE.07Amamoorite CaMn2+2Mn3+(Si2O7)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.07ManganilvaiteCaFe2+Fe3+Mn2+(Si2O7)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.10SuoluniteCa2(H2Si2O7) · H2OOrth. mm2 : Fdd2
9.BE.12JaffeiteCa6(Si2O7)(OH)6Trig. 3 : P3
9.BE.15FresnoiteBa2Ti(Si2O7)OTet. 4mm : P4bm
9.BE.17Janhaugite(Na,Ca)3(Mn2+,Fe2+)3(Ti,Zr,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(OH,F)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BE.17BurpaliteNa2CaZr(Si2O7)F2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.17Niocalite(Ca,Nb)4(Si2O7)(O,OH,F)2Mon. m
9.BE.17NormanditeNaCa(Mn,Fe)(Ti,Nb,Zr)(Si2O7)OFMon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.17HiortdahliteNa2Ca4(Ca0.5Zr0.5)Zr(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.17CuspidineCa8(Si2O7)2F4Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.17WöhleriteNa2Ca4ZrNb(Si2O7)2O3FMon. 2 : P21
9.BE.17BaghdaditeCa6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Ce)Na3Ca3(Ce,REE)Nb(Si2O7)2OF3Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.20Roumaite(Ca,Na,REE,◻)7(Nb,Ti)[Si2O7]2OF3Mon. m : Bb
9.BE.20Rinkite-(Ce)(Ca3Ce)Na(NaCa)Ti(Si2O7)2(OF)F2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.20Nacareniobsite-(Nd) Ca2(CaNd)Na3Nb(Si2O7)2(OF)F2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.20Rinkite-(Y)Na2Ca4YTi(Si2O7)2OF3Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.20Mosandrite-(Ce)(Ca3REE)[(H2O)2Ca0.5◻0.5]Ti(Si2O7)2(OH)2(H2O)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.22Hainite-(Y)Na2Ca4(Y,REE)Ti(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22RosenbuschiteNa6Ca6Zr3Ti(Si2O7)4O2F6Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22GötzeniteNaCa6Ti(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22Fogoite-(Y)Na3Ca2Y2Ti(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.22KochiteNa3Ca2MnZrTi(Si2O7)2OF3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.23DovyreniteCa6Zr(Si2O7)2(OH)4Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnnm
9.BE.25Lamprophyllite(Na,Mn2+)3(Sr,Na)2(Ti,Fe3+)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH,O,F)2Mon. 2/m
9.BE.25SeidozeriteNa4MnZr2Ti(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25Nabalamprophyllite(BaNa)Ti2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P2/c
9.BE.25SchülleriteBa2Na(Mn,Ca)(Fe3+,Mg,Fe2+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2(O,F)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25EricssoniteBaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25GrenmariteNa4MnZr3(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : P2/b
9.BE.25KazanskyiteBaNa3Ti2Nb(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25SaamiteBa◻Na3Ti2Nb(Si2O7)2O2(OH)F(H2O)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.25EmmerichiteBa2Na(Na,Fe2+)2(Fe3+,Mg)Ti2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25Barytolamprophyllite(Ba,Na)2(Na,Ti,Fe3+)4Ti2(Si2O7)2O(OH,F)Mon.
9.BE.25'Ericssonite-2O'BaMn2+2Fe3+(Si2O7)O(OH)Orth.
9.BE.25Fluorbarytolamprophyllite(Ba,Sr)2[(Na,Fe2+)3(Ti,Mg)F2][Ti2(Si2O7)2O2]Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25FluorlamprophylliteNa3(SrNa)Ti3(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.25LileyiteBa2(Na,Fe,Ca)3MgTi2(Si2O7)2O2F2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.27KolskyiteCaNa2Ti4(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)7Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27VigrishiniteNaZnTi4(Si2O7)2O3(OH)(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27SelivanovaiteNaFe3+Ti4(Si2O7)2O4(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.27MurmaniteNa2Ti2(Si2O7)O2 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.30Epistolite(Na◻)Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2(H2O)4Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.32LomonosoviteNa5Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)O2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.35VuonnemiteNa11Ti4+Nb2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O3(F,OH)Tric.
9.BE.37SoboleviteNa13Ca2Mn2Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O3F3Mon. m : Pb
9.BE.40Ferroinnelite Ba4Ti2Na(NaFe2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)]Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.40PhosphoinneliteNa3Ba4Ti3(Si2O7)2(PO4,SO4)2O2FTric.
9.BE.40InneliteBa4Ti2Na(NaMn2+)Ti(Si2O7)2[(SO4)(PO4)]O2[O(OH)]Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.42YoshimuraiteBa2Mn2Ti(Si2O7)(PO4)O(OH)Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.42HoriiteBa2Mn2Mn4Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)2O2(OH)2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.45QuadruphiteNa6Na2(CaNa)2Na2Ti2Na2Ti2(Si2O7)2(PO4)4O4F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.47PolyphiteNa5(Na4Ca2)Ti2(Si2O7)(PO4)3O2F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50Shkatulkalite Na2Nb2Na3Ti(Si2O7)2O2(FO)(H2O)4(H2O)3Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.50BornemaniteNa6BaTi2Nb(Si2O7)2(PO4)O2(OH)FTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.55HejtmaniteBa2Mn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2Tric. 1
9.BE.55Bykovaite(Ba,Na,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(H2O,F,OH)2 · 3.5H2OMon. 2/m
9.BE.55Nechelyustovite(Ba,Sr,K)2(Na,Ti,Mn)4(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O2(O,H2O,F)2 · 4.5H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.55BafertisiteBa2Fe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2F2Tric.
9.BE.60Delindeite(Na,K)2(Ba,Ca)2(Ti,Fe,Al)3(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.62'Orthochevkinite'(Ce,La,Ca,Na,Th)4(Fe2+,Mg)2(Ti,Fe3+)3Si4O22Orth.
9.BE.62 va'Strontium Perrierite'(Ce,Sr,La,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr,Fe)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8
9.BE.62'Chevkinite-(Nd)'(Nd,REE)4(Fe2+,Mg)(Fe2+,Ti,Fe3+)2(Ti,Fe3+)2(Si2O7)2O8 ?
9.BE.62'Perrierite-(Nd)'Nd4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8 ?
9.BE.65BusseniteNa2Ba2Fe2+Ti(Si2O7)(CO3)(OH)3FTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67JinshajiangiteBaNaFe2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2FTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.67PerraultiteBaNaMn2+4Ti2(Si2O7)2O2(OH)2FTric. 1
9.BE.70Dingdaohengite-(Ce)(Ce,La)4Fe2+(Ti,Fe2+,Mg,Fe3+)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.70Perrierite-(Ce)Ce4MgFe3+2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.70Karnasurtite-(Ce)(Ce,La,Th)(Ti,Nb)(Al,Fe)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2OAmor.
9.BE.70Maoniupingite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)4(Fe3+,Ti,Fe2+,◻)(Ti,Fe3+,Fe2+,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70MatsubaraiteSr4Ti5(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.70RengeiteSr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.70Polyakovite-(Ce)(Ce,Ca)4(Mg,Fe2+)(Cr3+,Fe3+)2(Ti,Nb)2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70Hezuolinite(Sr,REE)4Zr(Ti,Fe3+)4(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.BE.70'UM2008-53-SiO:SrTiZr'Sr4ZrTi4(Si2O7)2O8Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbca
9.BE.70Chevkinite-(Ce)Ce4(Ti,Fe2+,Fe3+)5O8(Si2O7)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.70Perrierite-(La)(La,Ce,Ca)4(Fe2+,Mn)(Ti,Fe3+,Al)4[(Si2O7)O4]2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.70Strontiochevkinite(Sr,La,Ce,Ca)4Fe2+(Ti,Zr)2Ti2(Si2O7)2O8Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.72FersmaniteCa4(Na,Ca)4(Ti,Nb)4(Si2O7)2O8F3Tric.
9.BE.75BelkoviteBa3(Nb,Ti)6(Si2O7)2O12Hex. 6m2 : P62m
9.BE.77NasonitePb6Ca4(Si2O7)3Cl2Hex. 6/m : P63/m
9.BE.80MelanotekitePb2Fe3+2(Si2O7)O2Orth. 222 : C2221
9.BE.80KentrolitePb2Mn3+2(Si2O7)O2Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pbcm
9.BE.82Alexkuznetsovite-(La)La2Mn(CO3)(Si2O7)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.82TilleyiteCa5(Si2O7)(CO3)2Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.85KillalaiteCa6.4(H0.6Si2O7)2(OH)2Mon. 2/m : P21/m
9.BE.87Stavelotite-(La)(La,Nd,Ca)3Mn2+3Cu(Mn3+,Fe3+,Mn4+)26(Si2O7)6O30Trig. 3 : P31
9.BE.90Magnesiorowlandite-(Y)Y4(Mg,Fe)(Si2O7)2F2Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.90Biraite-(Ce)Ce2Fe2+(Si2O7)(CO3)Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.BE.92Cervandonite-(Ce)(Ce,Nd,La)(Fe3+,Fe2+,Ti,Al)3O2(Si2O7)(As3+O3)(OH)Trig. 3m : R3m
9.BE.92Chirvinskyite(Na,Ca)13(Fe,Mn,◻)2(Ti,Zr)5(Si2O7)4(OH,O)12 · 2H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.BE.95RusinoviteCa10(Si2O7)3Cl2 Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.BE.95BatisiviteBaV3+8Ti6(Si2O7)O22Tric. 1 : P1
9.BE.97Schlüterite-(Y)(Y,REE)2AlSi2O7(OH)2FMon. 2/m : P21/c

Other InformationHide

Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for LåveniteHide

References for LåveniteHide

Reference List:
Brögger, W. C. (1878) 1. Das Krystallsystem des Mosandrit, in XIX. Untersuchungen norwegischer Mineralien. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 2 (1). 275-277erronously described as mosandrite
Brögger, W. C. (1885) Forelöbig meddelelse om to nye norske mineraler, Låvenit og Cappelenit. Geologiska Föreningen i Stockholm Förhandlingar, 7 (10) 598-600 doi:10.1080/11035898509443558
Kutukova, E.I. (1940) Titanolavenite of the Lovozero tundras. Trudy Ign. Akad. Nauk SSSR: 3l: 23-29.
Marble, J.P., Fleischer, M. (1941) New mineral names. American Mineralogist, 26 (2). 135-136
Simonov, V.I., Belov, N.V. (1960) Crystal structure of låvenite. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR: 130: 1333-1336.
Mellini, M. (1981) Refinement of the crystal structure of låvenite. TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, 28 (2) Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 99-112 doi:10.1007/bf01081548
Perchiazzi, N., McDonald, A. M., Gault, R. A., Johnsen, O., Merlino, S. (2000) The crystal structure of normandite and its crystal-chemical relationships with låvenite. The Canadian Mineralogist, 38 (3). 641-648 doi:10.2113/gscanmin.38.3.641
(2001) Låvenite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America
Larsen, Alf Olav; Andersen, Frode; Dahlgren, Sven; Larsen, Knut Edvard; Burvald, Ingulv - Ed. (2010) The Langesundsfjord - History, geology, pegmatites, minerals. Bode Verlag Gmbh. 240 pp.
Friis, Henrik, Balic-Žunić, Tonči (2010) Minerals of the låvenite group from south Greenland and Norway. Norsk Bergverksmuseum Skrift, 43. 35-39 includes description of a låvenite-like mineral, apparently a polytype of burpalite
Biagioni, C., Merlino, S., Parodi, G. C., Perchiazzi, N. (2012) Crystal chemistry of minerals of the wöhlerite group from the Los Archipelago, Guinea. The Canadian Mineralogist, 50 (3) 593-609 doi:10.3749/canmin.50.3.593
Dal Bo, Fabrice, Friis, Henrik, Mills, Stuart J. (2022) Nomenclature of wöhlerite-group minerals. Mineralogical Magazine, 86 (4) 661-676 doi:10.1180/mgm.2022.10

Localities for LåveniteHide

Showing 101 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Algeria
 
  • Tamanrasset Province (Tamanghasset Province)
apports des donnees radiometriques (K/Ar) +6 other references
Angola
 
  • Namibe Province
    • Camacuio
Lapido-Loureiro +2 other references
Rodrigues +1 other reference
Atlantic Ocean
 
  • Gorringe Ridge
Cornen (1982) +3 other references
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
Atencio et al. (1999) +2 other references
  • Rio de Janeiro
    • Itatiaia
- (2016) +2 other references
Enrich et al. (2005)
  • Santa Catarina
G Traversa et al (1994)
  • São Paulo
    • Ilhabela
      • Búzios island
de Barros Gomes et al. (2017)
    • São Sebastião
Rojas et al. (2016)
Cameroon
 
  • South Region
    • Océan
      • Lokoundjé
la syenite nephelinique a mboziite de ... +4 other references
Canada
 
  • British Columbia
    • Golden Mining Division
Brown et al. (2011)
  • Newfoundland and Labrador
    • Labrador
Curtis et al. (1977)
  • Québec
    • Montérégie
      • La Vallée-du-Richelieu RCM
        • Mont Saint-Hilaire
Grice (1989) +1 other reference
      • Lajemmerais RCM
        • Varennes & St-Amable
Horváth et al. (1998)
Horváth et al. (1998)
    • Montréal
      • Mont Royal
Lacroix (1890)
  • Yukon
    • Watson Lake mining district
Geol
Cape Verde
 
  • Barlavento Islands
Silva et al. (1989) +5 other references
China
 
  • Yunnan
    • Honghe
      • Gejiu City
        • Gejiu Sn-polymetallic ore field
Wang et al. (2023)
DR Congo
 
  • North Kivu
    • Rutshuru Territory
      • Bwito
Denaeyer (1958) +5 other references
  • South Kivu
    • Kalehe Territory
      • Numbi
Denaeyer (1958) +3 other references
Eritrea
 
  • Southern Region
Manasse (1909) +1 other reference
France
 
  • Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
    • Haute-Loire
      • Le Puy-en-Velay
Brousse +15 other references
  • Corsica
    • Corse-du-Sud
      • Ajaccio
        • Cristinacce
l'exemple de l'association du Vieux Pont d'Ota. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France (4) +5 other references
  • Occitanie
    • Aude
      • Narbonne
        • Fitou
Azambre et al. (1992)
Germany
 
  • Rhineland-Palatinate
    • Ahrweiler
      • Brohltal
        • Glees
Kratzsch (1989)
    • Mayen-Koblenz
      • Mendig
        • Mendig
Hentschel (1978)
Hentschel (1978)
          • Wingertsberg
Hentschel (1978)
      • Pellenz
        • Kruft
Hentschel (1978)
Greenland
 
  • Kujalleq
    • Igaliku Complex
Jones (1980) +2 other references
Finch et al. (2001)
  • Northeast Greenland National Park
    • Werner Bjerge Complex
Lapis 29 (1)
  • Sermersooq
    • Kangerlussuaq Fjord
      • Amdrup Firth
Perchiazzi et al. (2000)
    • Kangerlussuaq Fjord (Søndre Strømfjord)
Brooks (2011)
Guinea
 
  • Conakry Region
Biagioni (2007) +1 other reference
Moreau et al. (1996) +2 other references
Italy
 
  • Campania
    • Metropolitan City of Naples
      • Ercolano
        • San Vito
Russo et al. (2004)
Melluso et al. (2014)
        • Forio
Pichler et al. (1970)
...
Libya
 
  • Kufra District
Alkhazmi +7 other references
Flinn et al. (1992)
Madagascar
 
  • Diana
    • Ambanja District
      • Djangoa Commune
Lacroix (1922) +1 other reference
    • Nosy Be
Lacroix (1922) +3 other references
Malawi
 
  • Southern Region
    • Machinga
Bloomfield (1965) +5 other references
    • Mangochi
Garson
Mongolia
 
  • Khövsgöl Province
    • Alag-Erdene District
Anatoly Nikiforov analytical data
Morocco
 
  • Drâa-Tafilalet Region
    • Midelt Province
      • Midelt Cercle
        • Aït Oufella Caïdat
          • Amersid
Woolley (2001)
Jeremine et al. (1947) +9 other references
Namibia
 
  • Erongo Region
    • Dâures Constituency
      • Brandberg Area
        • Messum Igneous Complex
Blancher (2008)
  • ǁKaras Region
    • ǃNamiǂNûs Constituency
Verwoerd (1967) +3 other references
Norway
 
Mellini (1981)
  • Oslo
    • Grorud
Brögger (1894)
  • Telemark
    • Porsgrunn
      • Auenlandet
        • Sagåsen
Larsen et al. (2010) +1 other reference
Andersen et al. (2010)
  • Vestfold
    • Larvik Commune
Brögger (1885)
Andersen et al. (2010)
      • Barkevik area
Andersen et al. (1996)
Andersen et al. (1996)
Berge (n.d.)
Brögger (1885) +3 other references
      • Stokksund
Knut Edvard Larsen (2023)
Brøgger (1890)
      • Tvedalen
        • Tuften
Uwe Kolitsch (to be published)
Andersen et al. (2010)
Brøgger (1890)
Brøgger (1890)
Paraguay
 
  • Alto Paraguay Department
Comin-Chiaramonti et al. (2016)
Poland
 
  • Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship
    • Ełk County
Armbrustmacher et al. (1994) +6 other references
Portugal
 
  • Azores
Abdel-Monem et al. (1975) +11 other references
Osann (1888)
  • Faro
    • Monchique
Czygan +8 other references
Romania
 
  • Harghita County
Hirtopanu (2006)
Russia
 
  • Buryatia
    • Mama River Basin
      • Maigunda River
Vladykin et al. (2017) +1 other reference
  • Murmansk Oblast
    • Kihlman Mountain
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Lovozersky District
      • Engporr Mountain
Mikhail Uchitel' data
      • Seidozero Lake
        • Muruai and Uel'kuai rivers
Pekov (1998)
      • Suoluaiv Mountain
American Mineralogist +1 other reference
    • Rypnetsk Mountain
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
Yakovenchuk et al. (2019)
Arzamastsev et al. (2008)
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
    • Yukspor Mountain
      • Hackman Valley
Pavel M. Kartashov (n.d.)
South Africa
 
  • North West
    • Bojanala Platinum District Municipality
      • Moses Kotane Local Municipality
        • Pilanesberg Alkaline Ring Complex
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Spain
 
  • Canary Islands
    • Santa Cruz de Tenerife Province
Borley et al. (1971) +9 other references
Dill et al. (2023)
Dill et al. (2023)
Ferguson (1978)
Sweden
 
  • Jönköping County
    • Jönköping
      • Gränna
Adamson (1942) +10 other references
  • Östergötland County
    • Ödeshög
USA
 
  • Arkansas
    • Hot Spring County
Tice et al. (2001)
    • Pulaski County
      • Little Rock
Smith (1988) +1 other reference
Barwood (2015)
  • Colorado
    • Teller County
Carnein et al. (2005)
  • Massachusetts
    • Essex County
Washington H.
  • New Mexico
    • Otero County
      • Cornudas Mountains
Michael C Michayluk Collection
  • Wisconsin
Vickers
      • Wausau Intrusive Complex
Falster et al. (2014)
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