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Sulphohalite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered

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Photos of Sulphohalite (44)Discuss Sulphohalite

Sulphohalite Gallery Search Photos of Sulphohalite

Edit Sulphohalite Add Synonym Edit CIF structures Clear Cache

Sulphohalite

Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Sulphohalite

Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Sulphohalite

Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Sulphohalite

Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Sulphohalite

Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Sulphohalite

Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Sulphohalite

Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Sulphohalite

Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

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About SulphohaliteHide

Formula:

Na₆(SO₄)₂FCl

Colour:

Colourless, gray, greenish yellow; colourless in transmitted light.

Lustre:

Vitreous, Greasy

Hardness:

3½

Specific Gravity:

2.489 - 2.500

Crystal System:

Isometric

Member of:

Sulphohalite Subgroup > Stoichiometric Perovskites Group > Perovskite Supergroup

Name:

The name is derived from its composition, containing SULFur, plus Greek "hals", salt, alluding to its content of halogens. Originally described from the Searles Lake, California, USA by Hidden and MacKintosh (1888).

Type Locality:

ⓘ Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

Sulphohalite Subgroup.

Sulphohalite is an ordered double antiperovskite with the anti-elpasolite structure (Krivovichev 2008).

Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:

3824

Long-form identifier:

mindat:1:1:3824:5

IMA Classification of SulphohaliteHide

IMA status:

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)

IMA Formula:

Na₆(S⁶⁺O₄)₂ClF

First published:

1888

Type description reference:

Hidden, W.E., MacKintosh, A. (1888) On a new sodium sulphato-chloride, sulphohalite. American Journal of Science, 3rd Series: 36: 463-464.

Classification of SulphohaliteHide

Strunz-mindat (2026):

7.BD.05

7 : SULFATES (selenates, tellurates, chromates, molybdates, wolframates)
B : Sulfates (selenates, etc.) with additional anions, without H₂O
D : With only large cations

Dana 8th ed.:

30.1.7.1

30 : ANHYDROUS SULFATES CONTAINING HYDROXYL OR HALOGEN
1 : (AB)_m(XO₄)_pZ_q, where m:p>2:1

Hey's CIM Ref.:

26.2

26 : Sulphates with Halide

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Symbol	Source	Reference for Standard
Slhl	IMA–CNMNC	Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43

Physical Properties of SulphohaliteHide

Lustre:

Vitreous, Greasy

Transparency:

Transparent

Comment:

Luster weak.

Colour:

Colourless, gray, greenish yellow; colourless in transmitted light.

Streak:

White

Hardness:

3½ on Mohs scale

Fracture:

Conchoidal

Density:

2.489 - 2.500 g/cm³ (Measured) 2.505 g/cm³ (Calculated)

Optical Data of SulphohaliteHide

Type:

Isotropic

RI values:

n = 1.455(1)

Surface Relief:

High (negative)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.

Focus:

In focus

Chemistry of SulphohaliteHide

Mindat Formula:

Na₆(SO₄)₂FCl

Element Weights:

Element	% weight
Na	35.873 %
O	33.287 %
S	16.678 %
Cl	9.220 %
F	4.941 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.

Elements listed:

Cl, F, Na, O, S - search for minerals with similar chemistry

Crystallography of SulphohaliteHide

Crystal System:

Isometric

Class (H-M):

m3m(4/m32/m) - Hexoctahedral

Space Group:

Fm3m

Setting:

F4/m32/m

Cell Parameters:

a = 10.068(3) Å

Unit Cell V:

1,020.54 Å³ (Calculated from Unit Cell)

Morphology:

Crystals commonly dodecahedral; also octahedral, or with combinations of a, o and d.

Comment:

(Krivovichev, 2008).

Crystal StructureHide

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Unit Cell | Unit Cell Packed
2x2x2 | 3x3x3 | 4x4x4

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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure

ID	Species	Reference	Year	Locality	Temp (K)
0018630	Sulphohalite	Sakamoto Y (1968) The size, atomic charges, and motion of the sulfate radical of symmetry -43m in the crystal of sulfohalite, Na6ClF(SO4)2 Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series A-II: Physics and Chemistry 32 101-108	1968	not provided	293
0018057	Sulphohalite	Watanabe T (1934) The crystal structure of sulphohalite _cod_database_code 1011182 Proceedings of the Japan Academy 10 575-577	1934		293
0010549	Sulphohalite	Pabst A (1934) The crystal structure of sulphohalite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 89 514-517	1934		293

CIF Raw Data - click here to close

data_global
_chemical_name_mineral 'Sulphohalite'
loop_
_publ_author_name
'Sakamoto Y'
_journal_name_full 'Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University, Series A-II: Physics and Chemistry'
_journal_volume 32 
_journal_year 1968
_journal_page_first 101
_journal_page_last 108
_publ_section_title
;
 The size, atomic charges, and motion of the sulfate radical of
 symmetry -43m in the crystal of sulfohalite, Na6ClF(SO4)2
;
_database_code_amcsd 0018630
_chemical_compound_source 'not provided'
_chemical_formula_sum 'Na6 S2 O8 Cl F'
_cell_length_a 10.071
_cell_length_b 10.071
_cell_length_c 10.071
_cell_angle_alpha 90
_cell_angle_beta 90
_cell_angle_gamma 90
_cell_volume 1021.452
_exptl_crystal_density_diffrn      2.500
_symmetry_space_group_name_H-M 'F m 3 m'
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loop_
_atom_site_label
_atom_site_fract_x
_atom_site_fract_y
_atom_site_fract_z
_atom_site_U_iso_or_equiv
Na   0.22320   0.00000   0.00000   0.02026
S   0.25000   0.25000   0.25000   0.01140
O   0.16550   0.16550   0.16550   0.01646
Cl   0.50000   0.50000   0.50000   0.01900
F   0.00000   0.00000   0.00000   0.01393

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...

2θ (degrees) d-spacing (Å)

Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.

Powder Diffraction Data:

d-spacing	Intensity
3.56 Å	(100)
2.91 Å	(80)
1.779 Å	(65)
2.51 Å	(60)
1.939 Å	(50)
3.03 Å	(40)
2.249 Å	(25)

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):

Paragenetic Mode	Earliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
25 : Evaporites (prebiotic)
Stage 7: Great Oxidation Event	<2.4
45a : [Sulfates, arsenates, selenates, antimonates]
45b : [Other oxidized fumarolic minerals]

Type Occurrence of SulphohaliteHide

Type Locality:

ⓘ Searles Lake, San Bernardino County, California, USA

General Appearance of Type Material:

Well formed rhombic dodecahedrons with faces to 2.5 cm.

Place of Conservation of Type Material:

No designated type material.

Geological Setting of Type Material:

Evaporite deposit.

Reference:

Hidden, W.E., MacKintosh, A. (1888) On a new sodium sulphato-chloride, sulphohalite. American Journal of Science, 3rd Series: 36: 463-464.

Synonyms of SulphohaliteHide

Sulfohalite

Other Language Names for SulphohaliteHide

Dutch:Sulphohaliet

German:Sulphohalit
Sulfohalit

Russian:Сульфогалит

Simplified Chinese:卤钠石

Spanish:Sulfohalita
Sulphohalita

Traditional Chinese:鹵鈉石

Relationship of Sulphohalite to other SpeciesHide

Member of:

Sulphohalite Subgroup > Stoichiometric Perovskites Group > Perovskite Supergroup

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:

6 photos of Sulphohalite associated with Borax	Na₂(B₄O₅)(OH)₄ · 8H₂O
5 photos of Sulphohalite associated with Trona	Na₃H(CO₃)₂ · 2H₂O
1 photo of Sulphohalite associated with Halite	NaCl

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide

7.BD.	Hasanovite	KNa(MoO₂)(SO₄)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
7.BD.	Kennygayite	[Pb₄O₂(OH)₂](SO₄)	Tric. 1 : P1
7.BD.	Adanite	Pb₂(Te⁴⁺O₃)(SO₄)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
7.BD.	Cadsulfohite	Cd₂(SO₄)(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
7.BD.	Hyblerite	Pb₄Bi₂(SO₄)₂(CO₃)O₄	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
7.BD.	Zanelliite	PbCu₉[AsO_3.5(OH)_0.5]₂(AsO₄)₂(OH)₉(H₂O)₃	Mon. 2/m : B2/b
7.BD.	Evanichite	Pb₆Cr³⁺(Cr⁶⁺O₄)₂(SO₄)(OH)₇FCl	Trig. 3 : P3
7.BD.10	Galeite	Na₁₅(SO₄)₅F₄Cl	Trig. 3m : P31m
7.BD.10	Schairerite	Na₂₁(SO₄)₇ClF₆	Trig. 3m : P31m
7.BD.15	Kogarkoite	Na₃(SO₄)F	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.BD.20	Aiolosite	Na₄Bi(SO₄)₃Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
7.BD.20	Caracolite	Na₃Pb₂(SO₄)₃Cl	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/m
7.BD.20	Cesanite	Na₃Ca₂(SO₄)₃(OH)	Hex. 6 : P6
7.BD.25	Burkeite	Na₆(CO₃)(SO₄)₂	Orth.
7.BD.30	Hanksite	Na₂₂K(SO₄)₉(CO₃)₂Cl	Hex. 6/m : P6₃/m
7.BD.35	Cannonite	Bi₂(SO₄)O(OH)₂	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
7.BD.40	Lanarkite	Pb₂(SO₄)O	Mon. 2/m : B2/m
7.BD.45	Grandreefite	Pb₂(SO₄)F₂	Mon. 2/m
7.BD.50	Itoite	Pb₃Ge⁴⁺(SO₄)₂O₂(OH)₂	Orth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnma
7.BD.55	Chiluite	Bi₃Te⁶⁺Mo⁶⁺O_10.5	Hex.
7.BD.60	Hectorfloresite	Na₉(SO₄)₄(IO₃)	Mon. 2/m : P2₁/c
7.BD.65	Pseudograndreefite	Pb₆(SO₄)F₁₀	Orth. 222 : F222
7.BD.70	Sundiusite	Pb₁₀(SO₄)O₈Cl₂	Mon.

Fluorescence of SulphohaliteHide

In UV light:

Pale bluish white

Other InformationHide

Notes:

Slowly soluble in cold water.

Health Risks:

No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for SulphohaliteHide

mindat.org URL:

https://www.mindat.org/min-3824.html
Please feel free to link to this page.

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External Links:

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Look for Sulphohalite on Mineralien Atlas

Raman and XRD data at RRUFF project

References and PDF downloads at RRUFF project

American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database

Handbook of Mineralogy page PDF

Mineral Dealers:

Buy from D. Joyce minerals

References for SulphohaliteHide

Reference List:

Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry: 10: 1-112.

Hidden, W.E., MacKintosh, A. (1888) On a new sodium sulphato-chloride, sulphohalite. American Journal of Science, 3rd Series: 36: 463-464.

Zeitschrift für Kristallographie (1889), Band 15: 294.

Penfield, Samuel Lewis (1900), On the chemical composition of sulphohalite: American Journal of Science, 4th. series: 9: 425-428

Penfleld, S. L. (1900) Ueber die chemische Zusammensetzung des Sulfohalit. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 33 (1-6). 523-526 doi:10.1524/zkri.1900.33.1.523

Gale, H.S., Hicks, W.B. (1914) Art. XXI. Octahedral Crystals of Sulphohalite. American Journal of Science, 4th. series: 38: 273-274. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124846#page/301/mode/1up

Foshag, W.F. (1920) Sulphohalite from Searles Lake, California. American Journal of Science: 49: 76-77.

Foshag, William F. (1933) Sulfohalite and other minerals from the Otjiwalundo salt pan, South West Africa. American Mineralogist, 18 (10) 431-434

Pabst, Adolf (1934) The Crystal Structure of Sulphohalite. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie, 89 (1-6). 514-517 doi:10.1524/zkri.1934.89.1.514

Watanabé, T. (1934) The crystal structure of sulphohalite. Proceedings of the Japan Academy: 10: 575-577.

Palache, Charles; Berman, Harry; Frondel, Clifford (1951) The System of Mineralogy (7th ed.) Vol. 2 - Halides, Nitrates, Borates, Carbonates, Sulfates, Phosphates, Arsenates, Tungstates, Molybdates, Etc. John Wiley and Sons.pp.548-549

Pabst, A., Sawyer, D. L., Switzer, George (1963) Galeite and related phases in the system Na2SO4-NaF-NaCl. American Mineralogist, 48 (5-6) 485-510

Sakamoto, Y. (1968) The size, atomic charges and motion of the sulfate radical of symmetry 43m in the crystal of sulfohalite, Na6ClF(SO4)2. Hiroshima University Journal of Science, series C: 32: 101-108. (elsewhere listed as: Journal of Science of the Hiroshima University. Series A-II, Physics and Chemistry 32, 101-108)

Omori, Keiichi (1970) Infrared study of sulfohalite. American Mineralogist, 55 (11-12) 1897-1910

Fanfani, L., Nunzi, A., Zanazzi, P. F., Zanzari, A. R., Sabelli, C. (1975) The crystal structure of schairerite and its relationship to sulphohalite. Mineralogical Magazine, 40 (310) 131-139 doi:10.1180/minmag.1975.040.310.03

(2005) Sulphohalite. Handbook of Mineralogy. Mineralogical Society of America

Lane, M. D. (2007) Mid-infrared emission spectroscopy of sulfate and sulfate-bearing minerals. American Mineralogist, 92 (1) 1-18 doi:10.2138/am.2007.2170

Krivovichev, Sergey V. (2008) Minerals with antiperovskite structure: a review. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials, 223 (1-2). 109-113 doi:10.1524/zkri.2008.0008

Mitchell, Roger H., Welch, Mark D., Chakhmouradian, Anton R. (2017) Nomenclature of the perovskite supergroup: A hierarchical system of classification based on crystal structure and composition. Mineralogical Magazine, 81 (3) 411-461 doi:10.1180/minmag.2016.080.156

Localities for SulphohaliteHide

Showing 6 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the

symbol to view information about a locality. The

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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed.

- This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.

- Good crystals or important locality for species.

- World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). ~~Struck out~~ - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.


Antarctica
East Antarctica Victoria Land Ross Archipelago Ross Island ⓘ Mount Erebus ?	Kammerer (2011)

China
ⓘ Inner Mongolia	Kezao Chen (1992)

Italy
Veneto Metropolitan City of Venice Venice ⓘ Santa Maria dei Miracoli	De Vecchi et al. (pp. 417-443)

Namibia
Oshana Region Uuvudhiya ⓘ Otjivalunda salt pan (Otjiwalundo salt pan)	Specimen in the collection of the ... +2 other references

Tanzania
Arusha Region Monduli District ⓘ Kerimasi volcano	Káldos et al. (2015)

USA (TL)
California San Bernardino County ⓘ Searles Lake (TL)	Hidden (1888) +10 other references

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Sulphohalite

About SulphohaliteHide

Unique IdentifiersHide

IMA Classification of SulphohaliteHide

Classification of SulphohaliteHide

Mineral SymbolsHide

Physical Properties of SulphohaliteHide

Optical Data of SulphohaliteHide

Chemistry of SulphohaliteHide

Crystallography of SulphohaliteHide

Crystal StructureHide

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Geological EnvironmentHide

Type Occurrence of SulphohaliteHide

Synonyms of SulphohaliteHide

Other Language Names for SulphohaliteHide

Relationship of Sulphohalite to other SpeciesHide

Common AssociatesHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

Fluorescence of SulphohaliteHide

Other InformationHide

Internet Links for SulphohaliteHide

References for SulphohaliteHide

Localities for SulphohaliteHide

Locality ListHide

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping Hide