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Muscovite-Paragonite Series
A solid-solution series between two end-member minerals
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About Muscovite-Paragonite Series
Series Formula:
KAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2 to NaAl2(AlSi3O10)(OH)2
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
38729
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:38729:7
Age distribution
Recorded ages:
Mesoarchean to Quaternary : 2890 Ma to 1.31 ± 0.05 Ma - based on 213 recorded ages.
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | 2 | |
|---|---|---|
| SiO2 | 48.21 % | 48.93 % |
| TiO2 | 1.06 % | 0.39 % |
| Al2O3 | 32.13 % | 28.05 % |
| FeO | 5.46 % | 2.25 % |
| MgO | 0.25 % | 3.36 % |
| MnO | 0.09 % | 0.09 % |
| Na2O | 1.04 % | 0.68 % |
| K2O | 8.56 % | 10.30 % |
| P2O5 | 0.03 % | |
| Cr2O3 | 0.15 % | |
| CaO | 0.06 % | |
| Total: | 96.83 % | 94.26 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 2 | K0.89Na0.09(Mg0.34 Fe0.13 Mn0.01 Ti0.02Al1.51)Σ2.11(Al0.69Si3.31)Σ4.00O10OH2 |
Sample references:
| ID | Locality | Reference | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Kawadgaon-Challanpara pegmatite field, Dantewada District, Chhattisgarh, India | Singh, Yamuna, Pandit, P. S. C., Bagora, Sanjay, Jain, P. K. (2017) Mineralogy, geochemistry, and genesis of co-genetic granite-pegmatite-hosted rare metal and rare earth deposits of the Kawadgaon area, Bastar craton, Central India. Journal of the Geological Society of India, 89 (2) 115-130 doi:10.1007/s12594-017-0574-2 | Muscovite from granite pegmatite. EMPA analysis |
| 2 | Steinsteg eclogite, Frosnitz valley, Matrei in Osttirol, Lienz District, Tyrol, Austria | EMPA analysis of a matrix phengite in a post eclogite-facies mica schists. |
Crystal Structure
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Data courtesy of the American Mineralogist Crystal Structure Database. Click on an AMCSD ID to view structure
| ID | Species | Reference | Link | Year | Locality | Pressure (GPa) | Temp (K) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000854 | Muscovite | Richardson S M, Richardson J W (1982) Crystal structure of a pink muscovite from Archer's Post, Kenya: Implications for reverse pleochroism in dioctahedral micas American Mineralogist 67 69-75 | ![]() | 1982 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001076 | Muscovite | Guggenheim S, Chang Y H, Koster van Groos A F (1987) Muscovite dehydroxylation: High-temperature studies American Mineralogist 72 537-550 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001077 | Muscovite | Guggenheim S, Chang Y H, Koster van Groos A F (1987) Muscovite dehydroxylation: High-temperature studies American Mineralogist 72 537-550 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001078 | Muscovite | Guggenheim S, Chang Y H, Koster van Groos A F (1987) Muscovite dehydroxylation: High-temperature studies American Mineralogist 72 537-550 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001079 | Muscovite | Guggenheim S, Chang Y H, Koster van Groos A F (1987) Muscovite dehydroxylation: High-temperature studies American Mineralogist 72 537-550 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0001080 | Muscovite | Guggenheim S, Chang Y H, Koster van Groos A F (1987) Muscovite dehydroxylation: High-temperature studies American Mineralogist 72 537-550 | ![]() | 1987 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002013 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample GA1 from a pegmatite on Maddalena Island, Italy American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002014 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample RA1 from a pegmatite on Antarctica American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002015 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample A4b from peraluminous granites at Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002016 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample GFS15Ab from peraluminous granites at Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002017 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample H87b from peraluminous granites at Sardinia, Italy American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002018 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample CC1b from peraluminous granites at Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002019 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample C3-29b from peraluminous granites at Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002020 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample B1b from peraluminous granites at Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002021 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample C6Cb from peraluminous granites at Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002022 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample C6Bb from peraluminous granites at Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0002023 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Frigieri P, Poppi L (1998) Crystal chemistry of Mg-, Fe-bearing muscovites-2M1 Sample C3-31b from peraluminous granites at Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica American Mineralogist 83 775-785 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019256 | Muscovite | Mesto E, Scordari F, Lacalamita M, Schingaro E (2012) Tobelite and NH4+ -rich muscovite single crystals from Ordovician Armorican sandstones (Brittany, France): Structure and crystal chemistry American Mineralogist 97 1460-1468 | 2012 | Ordovician Armorican sandstones, Brittany, France | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005483 | Muscovite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C (1996) Rietveld refinement of micaceous materials: muscovite-2M1, a comparison with single-crystal structure refinement The Canadian Mineralogist 34 115-122 | ![]() | 1996 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005484 | Muscovite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C (1996) Rietveld refinement of micaceous materials: muscovite-2M1, a comparison with single-crystal structure refinement The Canadian Mineralogist 34 115-122 | ![]() | 1996 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005485 | Muscovite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C (1996) Rietveld refinement of micaceous materials: muscovite-2M1, a comparison with single-crystal structure refinement The Canadian Mineralogist 34 115-122 | ![]() | 1996 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005549 | Muscovite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C, Swainson I P (1998) Triclinic muscovite: X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and photo-acoustic FTIR spectroscopy The Canadian Mineralogist 36 1017-1027 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005550 | Muscovite | Liang J, Hawthorne F C, Swainson I P (1998) Triclinic muscovite: X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and photo-acoustic FTIR spectroscopy The Canadian Mineralogist 36 1017-1027 | ![]() | 1998 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005733 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi M (2001) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of lithium-bearing muscovite-2M1 The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1171-1180 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005734 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi M (2001) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of lithium-bearing muscovite-2M1 The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1171-1180 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005735 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi M (2001) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of lithium-bearing muscovite-2M1 O4 B33 is missing a zero The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1171-1180 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005736 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi M (2001) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of lithium-bearing muscovite-2M1 The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1171-1180 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0005737 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Kile D E, Poppi M (2001) Crystal structure and crystal chemistry of lithium-bearing muscovite-2M1 The Canadian Mineralogist 39 1171-1180 | ![]() | 2001 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006358 | Muscovite | Catti M, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G (1989) Thermal strain analysis in the crystal structure of muscovite at 700 C European Journal of Mineralogy 1 625-632 | 1989 | 0 | 298 | ||
| 0006359 | Muscovite | Catti M, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G (1989) Thermal strain analysis in the crystal structure of muscovite at 700 C T= 700 C European Journal of Mineralogy 1 625-632 | 1989 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0006533 | Muscovite | Catti M, Ferraris G, Hull S, Pavese A (1994) Powder neutron diffraction study of 2M_1 muscovite at room pressure and at 2 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 6 171-178 | 1994 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0006534 | Muscovite | Catti M, Ferraris G, Hull S, Pavese A (1994) Powder neutron diffraction study of 2M_1 muscovite at room pressure and at 2 GPa European Journal of Mineralogy 6 171-178 | 1994 | 2 | 293 | ||
| 0006546 | Muscovite | Amisano-Canesi A, Chiari G, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G, Soboleva S V (1994) Muscovite- and phengite-3T: crystal structure and conditions of formation European Journal of Mineralogy 6 489-496 | 1994 | Kazakhstan | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006547 | Muscovite | Amisano-Canesi A, Chiari G, Ferraris G, Ivaldi G, Soboleva S V (1994) Muscovite- and phengite-3T: crystal structure and conditions of formation European Journal of Mineralogy 6 489-496 | 1994 | Dora-Maira | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006858 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Galli E, Medici L, Poppi L, Cibin G, Marcelli A, Mottana A (2001) Chromium-containing muscovite: crystal chemistry and XANES spectroscopy European Journal of Mineralogy 13 377-389 | 2001 | Westland | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006859 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Galli E, Medici L, Poppi L, Cibin G, Marcelli A, Mottana A (2001) Chromium-containing muscovite: crystal chemistry and XANES spectroscopy European Journal of Mineralogy 13 377-389 | 2001 | Northwest Nelson - Campbell Creek | 0 | 293 | |
| 0006860 | Muscovite | Brigatti M F, Galli E, Medici L, Poppi L, Cibin G, Marcelli A, Mottana A (2001) Chromium-containing muscovite: crystal chemistry and XANES spectroscopy European Journal of Mineralogy 13 377-389 | 2001 | Northwest Nelson - Anatoki River | 0 | 293 | |
| 0007908 | Muscovite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-pressure structural study of muscovite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 170-177 | 1995 | 0.05 | 293 | ||
| 0007909 | Muscovite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-pressure structural study of muscovite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 170-177 | 1995 | 2.8 | 293 | ||
| 0007910 | Muscovite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-pressure structural study of muscovite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 170-177 | 1995 | 0.0001 | 293 | ||
| 0007911 | Muscovite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1995) High-pressure structural study of muscovite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 22 170-177 | 1995 | 2.7 | 293 | ||
| 0018220 | Muscovite | Radoslovich E (1960) The Structure of Muscovite, K Al2 (Si3 Al) O10 (O H)2 _cod_database_code 1100012 Acta Crystallographica 13 919-932 | ![]() | 1960 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0018279 | Muscovite | Gueven N, Burnham C (1966) The Crystal Structure of 3T Muscovite _cod_database_code 1101031 Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 65 290-293 | 1966 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0010646 | Muscovite | Guven N, Burnham C W (1967) The crystal structure of 3T muscovite Snohomish County, Washington, USA Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 125 163-183 | ![]() | 1967 | in granodiorite near Sunrise Copper Prospect, Sultan Basin, | 0 | 293 |
| 0019601 | Muscovite | Guven N (1971) The crystal structures of 2M1 phengite and 2M1 muscovite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 134 196-212 | ![]() | 1971 | Tiburon Peninsula, California, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0019602 | Muscovite | Guven N (1971) The crystal structures of 2M1 phengite and 2M1 muscovite Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie 134 196-212 | ![]() | 1971 | pegmatite in Georgia, USA | 0 | 293 |
| 0018221 | Muscovite | Guven N, Burnham C (1966) The crystal structure of 3T muscovite _cod_database_code 1100014 Carnegie Institution of Washington: Yearbook 65 290-293 | 1966 | Sunrise copper prospect, Snohomish Co, Washington, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012228 | Muscovite | Tomita K, Shiraki K, Kawano M (1998) Crystal structure of dehydroxylated 2M1 sericite and its relationship with mixed-layer mica/smectite Clay Science 10 423-441 | 1998 | Goto mine, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012229 | Muscovite | Tomita K, Shiraki K, Kawano M (1998) Crystal structure of dehydroxylated 2M1 sericite and its relationship with mixed-layer mica/smectite Clay Science 10 423-441 | 1998 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0019604 | Muscovite | Rule A C, Bailey S W (1985) Refinement of the crystal structure of phengite-2M1 Clays and Clay Minerals 33 403-409 | 1985 | Rio de Oro, Spanish Sahara | 0 | 293 | |
| 0019597 | Muscovite | Knurr R A, Bailey S W (1986) Refinement of Mn-substituted muscovite and phlogopite Clays and Clay Minerals 34 7-16 | 1986 | Minas Gerais, Brazil | 0 | 293 | |
| 0012259 | Muscovite | Gatineau L (1963) Localisation des remplacements isomorphiques dans la muscovite _cod_database_code 1000042 Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences 256 4648-4649 | 1963 | 0 | 293 | ||
| 0018219 | Muscovite | Birle J, Tettenhorst R (1968) Refined Muscovite structure _cod_database_code 1100010 Mineralogical Magazine 36 883-886 | ![]() | 1968 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0014475 | Muscovite | Martin-Ramos JD, Rodriguez-Gallego M (1982) Chromian mica from Sierra Nevada, Spain Mineralogical Magazine 46 269-272 | ![]() | 1982 | Sierra Nevada, Spain | 0 | 293 |
| 0014740 | Muscovite | Rothbauer R (1971) Untersuchung eines 2M1-muskovits mit neutronenstrahlen Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Monatshefte 1971 143-154 | 1971 | Diamond mine, Black Hills, South Dakota, USA | 0 | 293 | |
| 0000924 | Paragonite | Lin C Y, Bailey S W (1984) The crystal structure of paragonite-2M1 American Mineralogist 69 122-127 | ![]() | 1984 | 0 | 293 | |
| 0008000 | Paragonite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1997) Pressure dependence of structural parameters of paragonite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 274-280 | 1997 | 0.00001 | 293 | ||
| 0008001 | Paragonite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1997) Pressure dependence of structural parameters of paragonite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 274-280 | 1997 | 0.05 | 293 | ||
| 0008002 | Paragonite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1997) Pressure dependence of structural parameters of paragonite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 274-280 | 1997 | 2.54 | 293 | ||
| 0008003 | Paragonite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (1997) Pressure dependence of structural parameters of paragonite Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 24 274-280 | 1997 | 4.05 | 293 | ||
| 0008407 | Paragonite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (2000) Structural thermal behavior of paragonite and its dehydroxylate: a high-temperature single-crystal study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 377-385 | 2000 | 0 | 298 | ||
| 0008408 | Paragonite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (2000) Structural thermal behavior of paragonite and its dehydroxylate: a high-temperature single-crystal study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 377-385 | 2000 | 0 | 483 | ||
| 0008409 | Paragonite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (2000) Structural thermal behavior of paragonite and its dehydroxylate: a high-temperature single-crystal study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 377-385 | 2000 | 0 | 723 | ||
| 0008410 | Paragonite | Comodi P, Zanazzi P F (2000) Structural thermal behavior of paragonite and its dehydroxylate: a high-temperature single-crystal study Physics and Chemistry of Minerals 27 377-385 | 2000 | 0 | 873 |
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Common Associates
Associated Minerals Based on Photo Data:
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Muscovite-Paragonite Series in petrology
An essential component of rock names highlighted in red, an accessory component in rock names highlighted in green.
- Igneous rock
- Sedimentary rock and sediment
- Metamorphic rock
Internet Links for Muscovite-Paragonite Series
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https://www.mindat.org/min-38729.html
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References for Muscovite-Paragonite Series
Reference List:
Significant localities for Muscovite-Paragonite Series
Showing 25 significant localities out of 36,552 recorded on mindat.org.
Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Canada | |
| [Muscovite] Olivier Langelier Collection |
Peru | |
| [Muscovite] collections of Rock Currier +1 other reference |
Switzerland | |
| [Paragonite] Schaller et al. (1941) +3 other references |
| [Muscovite] |
UK | |
| [Paragonite var: Brammallite] DAN Earth Sci. 208 (1973) +1 other reference |
USA | |
| [Muscovite] Anonymous. (1965) +1 other reference |
| [Muscovite] Solomon Feinstein Collection. +1 other reference |
| [Phengite var: Mariposite] Bowen et al. (1957) +2 other references |
| [Muscovite] Ron Layton Collection |
| [Muscovite] Cameron +7 other references |
| [Muscovite] Rocks & Min 74:121 (1999) +1 other reference |
| [Muscovite] LMSCC Newsletter +1 other reference |
| [Muscovite] Bowman (1902) +2 other references |
| [Muscovite var: Schernikite] Adam Berlutti collection | |
| [Muscovite] USGS Professional Paper 255: 333-338. +2 other references |
| [Muscovite] Januzzi et al. (1976) | |
| [Muscovite] Anthony Scalzi collection |
| [Muscovite var: Illite] GSA Bulletin +3 other references |
| [Muscovite var: Schernikite] Cliff Trebilcock collection +1 other reference |
| [Muscovite] K. Wood collection |
| [Muscovite] - (2005) |
| [Muscovite] Gordon (1922) |
| [Muscovite] Dana 6: 1088 +5 other references |
| [Muscovite] F Roberts |






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The
Cerro Quesgar, Pampas District, Pallasca Province, Ancash, Peru