Khvorovite
A valid IMA mineral species
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Pavel Vitalievich Khvorov - on the way to Dara-i-Pioz.
Formula:
(Pb,Ba,K)4Ca2[Si8B2(Si,B)2O28]F
Colour:
Colourless, rarely white
Lustre:
Vitreous
Hardness:
5 - 5½
Specific Gravity:
3.96
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Member of:
Name:
Named after Pavel Vitalievich Khvorov (Павел Витальевич Хворов) (b. 1965), a Russian mineralogist at the Institute of Mineralogy, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, to honour his contribution to the study of the mineralogy of the Darai-Pioz massif.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
46432
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:46432:9
IMA Classification of Khvorovite
Classification of Khvorovite
9.CH.05
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
H : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered double rings
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
C : Cyclosilicates
H : [Si4O12]8- 4-membered double rings
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Khv | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Khvorovite
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless, rarely white
Streak:
White
Hardness:
5 - 5½ on Mohs scale
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
None Observed
Parting:
Not observed.
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Density:
3.96 g/cm3 (Measured) 3.968 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Optical Data of Khvorovite
Type:
Biaxial (+)
RI values:
nα = 1.659(3) nβ = 1.671(2) nγ = 1.676(3)
2V:
Measured: 64°
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.017
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Based on recorded range of RI values above.
Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.
Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.
Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.
Surface Relief:
Very High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).
This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised
light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive
index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral
colouration.
In focus
Interference Figure:
This shows the idealized biaxial acute bisectrix (Bxa) interference figure
- the conoscopic view for a grain cut perpendicular to the acute bisectrix, using
this mineral's 2V. The two small white dots mark the melatopes - the points
where the two optic axes emerge - and are shown only when they fall within the
field of view. The coloured bands are isochromatics, and the dark bands are
isogyres.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Rotate the stage: at 0°/90° the isogyres form a cross through the melatopes; at 45° they pull apart into curved hyperbolas. That splitting on rotation - absent in a uniaxial figure - is the standard diagnostic test for telling biaxial minerals from uniaxial ones. If 2V is large, the melatopes may fall outside the field of view, as they often do at the microscope too.
Dispersion:
Medium dispersion: r < v
Chemistry of Khvorovite
Mindat Formula:
(Pb,Ba,K)4Ca2[Si8B2(Si,B)2O28]F
Element Weights:
Crystallography of Khvorovite
Crystal System:
Triclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 11.354(2) Å, b = 10.960(2) Å, c = 10.271(2) Å
α = 90.32(3)°, β = 90.00(3)°, γ = 90.00(3)°
α = 90.32(3)°, β = 90.00(3)°, γ = 90.00(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.036 : 1 : 0.937
Unit Cell V:
1278 ų
Z:
2
Morphology:
As irregular grains, rarely with square or rectangular sections up to 150 μm, and grain aggregates up to 0.5 mm.
Comment:
I1¯
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 7.86 Å | (100) |
| 7.65 Å | (90) |
| 7.55 Å | (90) |
| 5.15 Å | (80) |
| 4.31 Å | (80) |
| 3.81 Å | (90) |
| 3.55 Å | (90) |
| 2.934 Å | (90) |
Comments:
From Type Description.
Geological Environment
Paragenetic Mode(s):
| Paragenetic Mode | Earliest Age (Ga) |
|---|---|
| Stage 4b: Highly evolved igneous rocks | >3.0 |
| 35 : Ultra-alkali and agpaitic igneous rocks |
Type Occurrence of Khvorovite
General Appearance of Type Material:
Found in a in a pectolite aggregate in silexites (quartz-rich rocks)
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Type material is deposited in the collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia, registration number 4573/1
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Alkaline massif
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Synonyms of Khvorovite
Other Language Names for Khvorovite
Dutch:Khvoroviet
German:Khvorovit
Relationship of Khvorovite to other Species
Member of:
Other Members of Hyalotekite Group:
| Guastoniite-(Y) | Pb4(YCa)(Si8B4O28)F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Hyalotekite | (Ba,Pb,K)4(Ca,Y)2(B,Be)2(Si,B)2Si8O28(F,Cl) | Tric. 1 : P1 |
| Itsiite | Ba4Ca2[Si8B4O28]◻ | Tet. 42m : I42m |
| Kapitsaite-(Y) | (Ba,K,Pb)4(Y,Ca)2Si8(B,Si)4O28F | Tric. 1 : P1 |
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.CH.05 | Guastoniite-(Y) | Pb4(YCa)(Si8B4O28)F |
| 9.CH.05 | Kapitsaite-(Y) | (Ba,K,Pb)4(Y,Ca)2Si8(B,Si)4O28F |
| 9.CH.05 | Hyalotekite | (Ba,Pb,K)4(Ca,Y)2(B,Be)2(Si,B)2Si8O28(F,Cl) |
| 9.CH.05 | Itsiite | Ba4Ca2[Si8B4O28]◻ |
| 9.CH.10 | Arapovite | (K1-x◻x)(Ca,Na)2U4+Si8O20 (x ~ 0.5) |
| 9.CH.10 | Steacyite | K0.3(Na,Ca)2ThSi8O20 |
| 9.CH.10 | Turkestanite | (K,◻)(Ca,Na)2ThSi8O20 · nH2O |
| 9.CH.10 | Iraqite-(La) | KCa2(La,Ce,Th)Si8O20 |
Fluorescence of Khvorovite
Does not fluoresce under ultraviolet light.
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Khvorovite
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-46432.html
Please feel free to link to this page.
Please feel free to link to this page.
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References for Khvorovite
Reference List:
Williams, P. A., Hatert, F., Pasero, M., Mills, S. J. (2014) IMA Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification (CNMNC), CNMNC Newsletter No. 22. Mineralogical Magazine, 78 (5) 1241-1248 doi:10.1180/minmag.2014.078.5.10
Pautov, Leonid A., Agakhanov, Atali A., Sokolova, Elena, Hawthorne, Frank C., Karpenko, Vladimir Y., Siidra, Oleg I., Garanin, Viktor K., Abdu, Yassir A. (2015) Khvorovite, Pb2+4Ca2[Si8B2(SiB)O28]F, a new hyalotekite-group mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tajikistan: Description and crystal structure. Mineralogical Magazine, 79 (4) 949-963 doi:10.1180/minmag.2015.079.4.06
Localities for Khvorovite
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Tajikistan (TL) | |
| Pautov et al. (2015) +1 other reference |
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