Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
A valid IMA mineral species
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Formula:
NaKCaSrCeTi(Si8O21)OF(H2O)3
Colour:
colourless
Lustre:
Vitreous
Specific Gravity:
3.120 (Calculated)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
to honour Vasily Avksentievich Kalyuzhny (1899–1993) due to his contributions to the geology of ore deposits of Komi Republic (Russia) and mineralogy of granitic pegmatites of Tajikistan
New structure type. Unique combination of elements (at the upload time).
Structuredetails:
* heteropolyhedral Na–Sr–Ce–Ti sheet, [NaSrCeTiOF]7+ composition;
* double (Si8O21)10– sheet || (010) (unique among the all mineral species known at the upload time);
* the Si tetrahedra form tenmembered rings
* the framework is built via merging of 2 sheets (via common vertices of M polyhedra and silicate tetrahedra)
* the interstices within the Si–O sheet are occupied so that the ideal composition of the intra-sheet space is [(CaK)(H2O)3]3+.
Structuredetails:
* heteropolyhedral Na–Sr–Ce–Ti sheet, [NaSrCeTiOF]7+ composition;
* double (Si8O21)10– sheet || (010) (unique among the all mineral species known at the upload time);
* the Si tetrahedra form tenmembered rings
* the framework is built via merging of 2 sheets (via common vertices of M polyhedra and silicate tetrahedra)
* the interstices within the Si–O sheet are occupied so that the ideal composition of the intra-sheet space is [(CaK)(H2O)3]3+.
Unique Identifiers
Mindat ID:
470699
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:470699:7
IMA Classification of Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
Approved
IMA Formula:
NaKCaSrCe3+Ti4+(Si8O21)OF(H2O)3
Approval year:
2023
Approval history:
IMA No. 2022-133
Classification of Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
9.HA.
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
A : With Alkali and Alkali-earth Elements
9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
H : Unclassified silicates
A : With Alkali and Alkali-earth Elements
Mineral Symbols
As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.
| Symbol | Source | Reference for Standard |
|---|---|---|
| Kalu-Ce | IMA–CNMNC | Warr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43 |
Physical Properties of Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
Vitreous
Transparency:
Transparent
Colour:
Colourless
Streak:
White
Tenacity:
Brittle
Cleavage:
Perfect
{010}
{010}
Parting:
none
Fracture:
Irregular/Uneven
Comment:
grain too small for hardness testing
Density:
3.120 g/cm3 (Calculated)
Chemistry of Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
Mindat Formula:
NaKCaSrCeTi(Si8O21)OF(H2O)3
Element Weights:
Chemical Analysis
Oxide wt%:
| 1 | |
|---|---|
| Nb2O5 | 0.53 % |
| TiO2 | 0.16 % |
| SiO2 | 43.85 % |
| Er2O3 | 0.13 % |
| Ho2O3 | 0.10 % |
| Gd2O3 | 0.09 % |
| Sm2O3 | 0.47 % |
| Nd2O3 | 6.22 % |
| Pr2O3 | 1.21 % |
| Ce2O3 | 6.34 % |
| La2O3 | 0.82 % |
| PbO | 4.90 % |
| BaO | 0.85 % |
| SrO | 11.39 % |
| CaO | 1.86 % |
| Cs2O | 3.80 % |
| K2O | 1.59 % |
| Na2O | 2.99 % |
| H2O | 5.24 % |
| F | 1.55 % |
| O=F | -0.65 % |
| Total: | 93.44 % |
Empirical formulas:
| Sample ID | Empirical Formula |
|---|---|
| 1 | Na1.07K0.37Cs0.30Sr1.21Ca0.37Pb0.24Ba0.06(Ce0.43Nd0.41Pr0.08La0.06Sm0.03Gd0.01Er0.01Ho0.01)Σ1.04(Ti0.97Nb0.04)Σ1.01Si8.06O25.21F0.90H6.42 |
Sample references:
Crystallography of Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Class (H-M):
2/m - Prismatic
Space Group:
P2/b
Setting:
P2/c
Cell Parameters:
a = 18.647(4) Å, b = 11.214(2) Å, c = 14.642(3) Å
β = 129.55(3)°
β = 129.55(3)°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 1.663 : 1 : 1.306
Unit Cell V:
2360.9 ų
Z:
4
Twinning:
none visible
X-Ray Powder Diffraction
Powder Diffraction Data:
| d-spacing | Intensity |
|---|---|
| 3.978 Å | (24) |
| 3.423 Å | (22) |
| 3.332 Å | (33) |
| 3.026 Å | (100) |
| 2.963 Å | (40) |
| 2.895 Å | (24) |
| 2.591 Å | (28) |
| 2.344 Å | (33) |
Type Occurrence of Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
General Appearance of Type Material:
grains, up to 0.05 x 0.07 mm
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
collections of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 18-2, Moscow 119071, Russia, registration number 5923/1
How to
How to
Geological Setting of Type Material:
found within a quartz-pectolite aggregate of a silexite-like peralkaline pegmatite
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:
Other Language Names for Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
Dutch:Kalyuzhnyiet-(Ce)
German:Kalyuzhnyit-(Ce)
Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat Grouping
| 9.HA. | Shinichengite | Ca5[BSi2O7(OH)2]2 · 6H2O |
| 9.HA. | Moragite | Ca3TiSi2(Al2Si)O14 |
| 9.HA.05 | Ertixiite | Na2Si4O9 |
| 9.HA.10 | Kenyaite | Na2Si22O41(OH)8 · 6H2O |
| 9.HA.20 | Wawayandaite | Ca6Mn2BBe9Si6O23(OH,Cl)15 |
| 9.HA.25 | Magbasite | KBaFe3+Mg7Si8O22(OH)2F6 |
| 9.HA.35 | Demagistrisite | BaCa2Mn3+4(Si3O10)(Si2O7)(OH)4 · 3H2O |
| 9.HA.37 | Donwilhelmsite | CaAl4Si2O11 |
| 9.HA.40 | Kasatkinite | Ba2Ca8B5Si8O32(OH)3 · 6H2O |
| 9.HA.40 | 'Igumnovite' | Ca3Al2[SiO4]2[◻Cl4] |
| 9.HA.42 | Paqueite | Ca3TiSi2(Al,Ti,Si)3O14 |
| 9.HA.42 | Qeltite | Ca3TiSi2(Fe3+2Si)O14 |
| 9.HA.45 | Rippite | K2(Nb,Ti)2(Si4O12)O(O,F) |
| 9.HA.47 | Zagamiite | CaAl2Si3.5O11 |
| 9.HA.50 | Rudenkoite | Sr3(Al3.5Si3.5)O10(OH,O)8Cl2 · H2O |
| 9.HA.50 | 'α-Carnegieite' | NaAlSiO4 |
| 9.HA.52 | 'Atheriastite' | near Ca5MgFeAl6Si8O32 · 5H2O |
| 9.HA.55 | 'Foshallasite' | Ca3[Si2O7] · 3H2O(?) |
| 9.HA.57 | 'Bhreckite' | |
| 9.HA.60 | Nagelschmidtite | Ca7(SiO4)2(PO4)2 |
| 9.HA.65 | Caryochroite | [Na(Sr0.5Ca0.5)Mg]3[Fe3+8Mn(Fe2+0.5◻0.5)]10(Ti2Si12O37)(OH)14(H2O)3 |
| 9.HA.70 | Juanite | Ca10Mg4Al2Si11O39 · 4H2O or near |
| 9.HA.75 | Tacharanite | Ca12Al2Si18O33(OH)36 |
| 9.HA.80 | Oyelite | Ca10Si8B2O29 · 12.5H2O |
| 9.HA.85 | Denisovite | K14+x(Ca,Na,Mn,Fe)48[Si60O162]F16(Ox,OH4-x) · 2H2O |
| 9.HA.90 | Tiettaite | K4Na12Fe3+Si16O41(OH)4 · 2H2O |
Radioactivity
Radioactivity:
| Element | % Content | Activity (Bq/kg) | Radiation Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Uranium (U) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Thorium (Th) | 0.0000% | 0 | α, β, γ |
| Potassium (K) | 3.8052% | 1,180 | β, γ |
For comparison:
- Banana: ~15 Bq per fruit
- Granite: 1,000–3,000 Bq/kg
- EU exemption limit: 10,000 Bq/kg
Note: Risk is shown relative to daily recommended maximum exposure to non-background radiation of 1000 µSv/year. Note that natural background radiation averages around 2400 µSv/year so in reality these risks are probably extremely overstated! With infrequent handling and safe storage natural radioactive minerals do not usually pose much risk.
Interactive Simulator:
Note: The mass selector refers to the mass of radioactive mineral present, not the full specimen, also be aware that the matrix may also be radioactive, possibly more radioactive than this mineral!
Activity: –
| Distance | Dose rate | Risk |
|---|---|---|
| 1 cm | ||
| 10 cm | ||
| 1 m |
The external dose rate (D) from a radioactive mineral is estimated by summing the gamma radiation contributions from its Uranium, Thorium, and Potassium content, disregarding daughter-product which may have a significant effect in some cases (eg 'pitchblende'). This involves multiplying the activity (A, in Bq) of each element by its specific gamma ray constant (Γ), which accounts for its unique gamma emissions. The total unshielded dose at 1 cm is then scaled by the square of the distance (r, in cm) and multiplied by a shielding factor (μshield). This calculation provides a 'worst-case' or 'maximum risk' estimate because it assumes the sample is a point source and entirely neglects any self-shielding where radiation is absorbed within the mineral itself, meaning actual doses will typically be lower. The resulting dose rate (D) is expressed in microsieverts per hour (μSv/h).
D = ((AU × ΓU) + (ATh × ΓTh) + (AK × ΓK)) / r2 × μshield
Fluorescence of Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
does not fluoresce under cathode waves or ultraviolet light
Other Information
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.
Internet Links for Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
mindat.org URL:
https://www.mindat.org/min-470699.html
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References for Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
Reference List:
Bosi, Ferdinando, Hatert, Frédéric, Pasero, Marco, Mills, Stuart J. (2023) Newsletter 72. Mineralogical Magazine, 87 (3) 512-518 doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.21
Agakhanov, Atali A., Sokolova, Elena, Karpenko, Vladimir Yu., Hawthorne, Frank C., Pautov, Leonid A., Kasatkin, Anatoly V., Pekov, Igor V., Agakhanova, Vitaliya A. (2024) Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce), NaKCaSrCeTi(Si8O21)OF(H2O)3, a new mineral from the Darai-Pioz alkaline massif, Tien-Shan mountains, Tajikistan: mineral description, crystal structure and a new double (Si8O21) sheet. Mineralogical Magazine, 88 (1). 19-30 doi:10.1180/mgm.2023.74
Localities for Kalyuzhnyite-(Ce)
Showing 1 localities.
symbol to view information about a locality.
The Locality List
- This locality has map coordinates listed.
- This locality has estimated coordinates.
ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence.
? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality.
- Good crystals or important locality for species.
- World class for species or very significant.
(TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species.
(FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties).
All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Tajikistan (TL) | |
| Bosi et al. (2023) +1 other reference |
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