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Bementite

A valid IMA mineral species - grandfathered
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About BementiteHide

06391810017271921604264.jpg
Clarence S. Bement
Formula:
Mn7Si6O15(OH)8
Mn may be replaced by minor Fe, Mg and Zn.
Colour:
Brown, dark brown, golden brown, grayish-yellow
Lustre:
Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Hardness:
6
Specific Gravity:
2.9 - 3.1
Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Name:
Named for Clarence Sweet Bement [1843-1923] by George Augustus Koenig in 1887. Bement assembled the finest mineral collection in the USA. He also assembled the finest collection of U.S. coins and was interested in a variety of collectibles. Bement had a keen interest in Franklin, New Jersey minerals from whence his namesake was discovered.
Compare the very similar innsbruckite and the similar friedelite, as well as ganophyllite and parsettensite.

Raman spectroscopy or diffraction techniques are required to differentiate between bementite and innsbruckite (Krüger et al., 2014).


Unique IdentifiersHide

Mindat ID:
621
Long-form identifier:
mindat:1:1:621:3

Similar NamesHide

Beaumontite (of Jackson)A synonym of Chrysocolla
Beaumontite (of Lévy)A variety of Heulandite-Ca(Ca,Na)5(Si27Al9)O72 · 26H2O
Bementite (of Dana)A synonym of Danburite
CementiteA synonym of Cohenite

IMA Classification of BementiteHide

Approved, 'Grandfathered' (first described prior to 1959)
IMA Formula:
Mn2+7Si6O15(OH)8
First published:
1888

Classification of BementiteHide

9.EE.05

9 : SILICATES (Germanates)
E : Phyllosilicates
E : Single tetrahedral nets of 6-membered rings connected by octahedral nets or octahedral bands
78.5.2.1

78 : Unclassified Silicates
5 :
14.17.8

14 : Silicates not Containing Aluminum
17 : Silicates of Mn

Mineral SymbolsHide

As of 2021 there are now IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols (abbreviations) for each mineral species, useful for tables and diagrams.

Please only use the official IMA–CNMNC symbol. Older variants are listed for historical use only.

SymbolSourceReference for Standard
BemIMA–CNMNCWarr, L.N. (2021). IMA–CNMNC approved mineral symbols. Mineralogical Magazine, 85(3), 291-320. doi:10.1180/mgm.2021.43
BemWarr (2020)Warr, L.N. (2020) Recommended abbreviations for the names of clay minerals and associated phases. Clay Minerals, 55, 261–264 doi:10.1180/clm.2020.30

Physical Properties of BementiteHide

Sub-Vitreous, Resinous, Greasy
Transparency:
Translucent
Colour:
Brown, dark brown, golden brown, grayish-yellow
Comment:
Lighter when fresh, weathering darker. Fresh material is transparent in splinters, weathering opaque.
Streak:
White
Hardness:
Comment:
Sometimes given as variable 4-6, softer mineral due to alteration
Tenacity:
Flexible
Cleavage:
Perfect
{001} perfect, {100} and {010} very good.
Fracture:
Splintery
Density:
2.9 - 3.1 g/cm3 (Measured)    
Comment:
Density does not support calculations for Z

Optical Data of BementiteHide

Type:
Biaxial
RI values:
nα = 1.602 - 1.624 nβ = 1.632 - 1.65 nγ = 1.632 - 1.65
Birefringence:
0.028
Max. Birefringence:
δ = 0.026 - 0.030
Based on recorded range of RI values above.

Interference Colours:
The colours simulate birefringence patterns seen in thin section under crossed polars. They do not take into account mineral colouration or opacity.

Michel-Levy Bar The default colours simulate the birefringence range for a 30 µm thin-section thickness. Adjust the slider to simulate a different thickness.

Grain Simulation You can rotate the grain simulation to show how this range might look as you rotated a sample under crossed polars. Each grain retains its interference colour (retardation) while its brightness falls to black at extinction and reaches a maximum between extinction positions.

Surface Relief:
High (positive)
Relative to Canada balsam mounting medium (n ≈ 1.537).

This shows the grain boundary and Becke line effect under plane-polarised light, based on the contrast between this mineral's average refractive index and the mounting medium. It does not take into account mineral colouration.
In focus
Dispersion:
weak
Optical Extinction:
X ⊥ {001}.
Pleochroism:
Weak
Comments:
Colorless, pale yellow

Chemistry of BementiteHide

Mindat Formula:
Mn7Si6O15(OH)8

Mn may be replaced by minor Fe, Mg and Zn.
Element Weights:
Element% weight
Mn41.390 %
O39.606 %
Si18.137 %
H0.868 %

Calculated from ideal end-member formula.
Mn
O
Si
H
Common Impurities:
Al,Fe,Zn,Mg,Ca

Crystallography of BementiteHide

Crystal System:
Monoclinic
Cell Parameters:
a = 7.5 Å, b = 9.8 Å, c = 5.65 Å
β = 90°
Ratio:
a:b:c = 0.765 : 1 : 0.577
Unit Cell V:
415.28 ų (Calculated from Unit Cell)
Z:
1
Morphology:
Micaceous aggregates or plates are typical. Felted aggregates of fibers or plates.
Comment:
Better calculations obtained from Orthorhombic cell.

Crystal StructureHide

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IDSpeciesReferenceLinkYearLocalityPressure (GPa)Temp (K)
0001635BementiteHeinrich A R, Eggleton R A, Guggenheim S (1994) Structure and polytypism of bementite, a modulated layer silicate American Mineralogist 79 91-10619940293
CIF Raw Data - click here to close

X-Ray Powder DiffractionHide

Loading XRD data...
Data Set:
Data courtesy of RRUFF project at University of Arizona, used with permission.
Powder Diffraction Data:
d-spacingIntensity
7.25 Å(90)
4.60 Å(2)
4.40 Å(2)
4.06 Å(3)
3.97 Å(4)
3.66 Å(100)
3.58 Å(90)
3.43 Å(9)
3.30 Å(6)
3.09 Å(5)
3.01 Å(2)
2.823 Å(4)
2.722 Å(4)
2.436 Å(14)
2.212 Å(2)
2.113 Å(7)
2.099 Å(6)
2.053 Å(2)
1.859 Å(2)
1.852 Å(2)
1.828 Å(4)
1.759 Å(2)
1.639 Å(2)
1.621 Å(2)
1.478 Å(2)
Comments:
ICDD PDF 25-546.
Very similar to pattern of innsbruckite.

Geological EnvironmentHide

Paragenetic Mode(s):
Paragenetic ModeEarliest Age (Ga)
Near-surface Processes
23 : Subaerial aqueous alteration by non-redox-sensitive fluids (see also #47)
High-? alteration and/or metamorphism
32 : Ba/Mn/Pb/Zn deposits, including metamorphic deposits
Geological Setting:
Found in low-grade metamorphic manganese silicate deposits

Type Occurrence of BementiteHide

General Appearance of Type Material:
Pale grayish yellow stellate masses, resembling karpholite or pyrophyllite.
Place of Conservation of Type Material:
Muséum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France, number 115.290.
Geological Setting of Type Material:
Zinc-iron oxide ore deposit hosted in marble.
Associated Minerals at Type Locality:

Synonyms of BementiteHide

Other Language Names for BementiteHide

Dutch:Bementiet
German:Bementit
Simplified Chinese:蜡硅锰矿
Spanish:Bementita

Common AssociatesHide

Associations Based on Photo Data:
21 photos of Bementite associated with WillemiteZn2SiO4
15 photos of Bementite associated with CalciteCaCO3
11 photos of Bementite associated with RhodoniteCaMn3Mn[Si5O15]
8 photos of Bementite associated with FrankliniteZn2+Fe3+2O4
8 photos of Bementite associated with AndraditeCa3Fe3+2(SiO4)3
6 photos of Bementite associated with Ganophyllite(K,Na)xMn2+6(Si,Al)10O24(OH)4 · nH2O (x = 1-2; n = 7-11)
6 photos of Bementite associated with Axinite-(Mn)Ca2Mn2+Al2BSi4O15(OH)
6 photos of Bementite associated with CahniteCa2[B(OH)4](AsO4)
3 photos of Bementite associated with HausmanniteMn2+Mn3+2O4
3 photos of Bementite associated with SussexiteMn2+BO2(OH)

Related Minerals - Strunz-mindat GroupingHide

9.EE.CairncrossiteSr2Ca7-xNa2x(Si4O10)4(OH)2(H2O)15-xTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.07InnsbruckiteMn33(Si2O5)14(OH)38Mon. m : Bm
9.EE.10'Brokenhillite'Mn8Si6O15(OH)10Hex. 6mm : P63mc
9.EE.10Mcgillite(Mn,Fe)8Si6O15(OH)8Cl2Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.10FriedeliteMn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Mon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Mn)Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
9.EE.10Pyrosmalite-(Fe)Fe2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10Trig. 3m(32/m) : P3m1
9.EE.15NeleniteMn2+16As3+3Si12O36(OH)17Trig. 3m(32/m) : R3m
9.EE.15SchalleriteMn2+16As3Si12O36(OH)17Trig. 3m : P3m1
9.EE.20Palygorskite◻Al2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20YofortieriteMn2+Mn2+2Mn2+2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20WindhoekiteFe3+(Fe3+1.67◻0.33)Ca2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4(OH)2 · 6H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20Windmountainite◻Fe3+2Mg2◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20IkorskyiteKMn3+(Si4O10) · 3H2OMon. 2/m : P21/c
9.EE.20TuperssuatsiaiteFe3+Fe3+2(Na◻)◻2Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · 2H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.20'Unnamed (Na-Ca-Fe-Silicate-Hydrate)'NaCa(Fe2+,Al,Mn)5[Si8O19(OH)](OH)7 · 5H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.25SepioliteMg4(Si6O15)(OH)2 · 6H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Pnna
9.EE.25LoughliniteNa2Mg3Si6O16 · 8H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m)
9.EE.25Falcondoite(Ni,Mg)4Si6O15(OH)2 · 6H2OOrth.
9.EE.25Kalifersite(K,Na)5Fe3+7Si20O50(OH)6 · 12H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.30OrlymaniteCa4Mn3Si8O20(OH)6 · 2H2OHex.
9.EE.30TungusiteCa4Fe2Si6O15(OH)6Tric. 1 : P1
9.EE.30GyroliteNaCa16Si23AlO60(OH)8 · 14H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.35Reyerite(Na,K)2Ca14(Si,Al)24O58(OH)8 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : P3
9.EE.35KodamaiteNa3(Ca5Na)Si16O36(OH)4F2 · (14-x)H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.35Truscottite(Ca,Mn)14Si24O58(OH)8 · 2H2OTrig.
9.EE.40NatrosiliteNa2Si2O5Mon. 2/m : P21/c
9.EE.45MakatiteNa2Si4O8(OH)2 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : P21/c
9.EE.50VarennesiteNa8Mn2Si10O25(OH,Cl)2 · 12H2OOrth. mmm(2/m2/m2/m) : Cmcm
9.EE.55RaiteMn2+Mn2+2Na2(◻1.75Ti0.25)Si8O20(OH)2(H2O)4 · Na(H2O)6Orth. 222 : C222
9.EE.60IntersiliteNa6Mn2+Ti[Si10O24(OH)](OH)3 · 4H2OMon. 2/m : B2/m
9.EE.65ZakharoviteNa4Mn5Si10O24(OH)6 · 6H2OTrig. 3m
9.EE.65ShafranovskiteNa3K2(Mn,Fe,Na)4[Si9(O,OH)27](OH)2 · nH2OTrig. 3m : P31c
9.EE.70ZeophylliteCa13Si10O28(OH)2F8 · 6H2OTrig. 3 : R3
9.EE.75Minehillite(K,Na)2-3Ca28Zn4Al4Si40O112(OH)16Hex.
9.EE.80Fedorite(Na,K)2-3(Ca4Na3)Si16O38(OH,F)2 · 3.5H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80Martinite(Na,◻,Ca)12Ca4(Si,S,B)14B2O38(OH,Cl)2F2 · 4H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.80EllingseniteNa5Ca6Si18O38(OH)13 · 6H2OTric. 1 : P1
9.EE.85Lalondeite(Na,Ca)6(Ca,Na)3Si16O38(F,OH)2 · 3H2OTric. 1 : P1

Fluorescence of BementiteHide

Not fluorescent in UV.

Other InformationHide

Notes:
Decomposed by hot acid, but does not gelatinize.
Fuses easily to a black glass.
In closed tube it gives abundant water at a red heat, changing its color to dark brown.
In a borax bead, the bead remains colorless at first, gradually changing to the characteristic manganese color.
Health Risks:
No information on health risks for this material has been entered into the database. You should always treat mineral specimens with care.

Internet Links for BementiteHide

References for BementiteHide

Reference List:

Localities for BementiteHide

Showing 230 localities.

This map shows a selection of localities that have latitude and longitude coordinates recorded. Click on the symbol to view information about a locality. The symbol next to localities in the list can be used to jump to that position on the map.
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Locality ListHide

- This locality has map coordinates listed. - This locality has estimated coordinates. ⓘ - Click for references and further information on this occurrence. ? - Indicates mineral may be doubtful at this locality. - Good crystals or important locality for species. - World class for species or very significant. (TL) - Type Locality for a valid mineral species. (FRL) - First Recorded Locality for everything else (eg varieties). Struck out - Mineral was erroneously reported from this locality. Faded * - Never found at this locality but inferred to have existed at some point in the past (e.g. from pseudomorphs).

All localities listed without proper references should be considered as questionable.
Australia
 
  • New South Wales
    • Yancowinna Co.
      • Broken Hill district
Worner et al. (1982)
Austria
 
  • Tyrol
    • Innsbruck-Land District
      • Navis
        • Staffelsee
Kolitsch et al. (2019)
Brandstätter et al. (2015)
      • Trins
Kolitsch et al. (2021)
    • Lienz District
      • Prägraten am Großvenediger
        • Timmelbach valley
Kolitsch et al. (2017)
Brazil
 
  • Minas Gerais
Williams et al. (2008)
acd.ufrj.br (2002)
China
 
  • Guangxi
    • Baise
      • Jingxi Co.
Yang Yuchun (1996)
  • Hunan
    • Xiangtan
Yang Yuchun (1996)
  • Shaanxi
    • Ankang
      • Ziyang County
Yang Yuchun (1996) +1 other reference
    • Hanzhong
      • Xixiang County
Pingyi Wan (2002)
      • Zhenba County
Pingyi Wan (2002)
  • Sichuan
    • Dazhou
      • Wanyuan Co.
Pingyi Wan (2002)
Pingyi Wan (2002)
    • Leshan
      • Jinkouhe District
Fan et al. (1999)
    • Ya'an
      • Hanyuan County
Fan et al. (1999)
  • Xinjiang
    • Kezilesu Autonomous Prefecture (Kizilsu Autonomous Prefecture; Qizilsu Autonomous Prefecture)
      • Aketao Co. (Akto Co.; Aqto Co.)
Gao et al. (2024)
  • Yunnan
    • Dali
      • Heqing County
Zhangxiang Peng (1990)
Yang Yuchun (1996)
    • Wenshan
      • Yanshan County
Yang Yuchun (1996)
Czech Republic
 
  • Pardubice Region
    • Pardubice District
Prachař +6 other references
Iran
 
  • Kurdistan Province
    • Divandarreh County
Moinevaziri (2019)
Italy
 
  • Liguria
    • Genoa
      • Ne
415. +1 other reference
        • Reppia
415. +1 other reference
    • La Spezia Province
      • Rocchetta di Vara
Castellaro-Kampf
  • Piedmont
    • Cuneo Province
      • Bellino
Piccoli et al. (2007) +1 other reference
Japan
 
  • Ehime Prefecture
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
    • Seiyo City
      • Shirokawa
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
  • Fukushima Prefecture
Shirozu et al. (1955)
    • Yama District
      • Nishiaizu-machi
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Gifu Prefecture
Donald E. Lee (1955)
  • Gunma Prefecture
    • Kiryu City
FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference
    • Midori City
      • Seta
FUKUOKA et al. (1977)
FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference
FUKUOKA et al. (1977)
FUKUOKA et al. (1977) +1 other reference
  • Hokkaidō Prefecture
    • Okhotsk Subprefecture
      • Kitami City
Togari et al. (1987)
  • Hyogo Prefecture
    • Yabu City
      • Yabu-cho
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Iwate Prefecture
    • Kunohe-gun
      • Noda
Lee (1955) +1 other reference
    • Miyako City
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
    • Shimohei District
      • Iwaizumi
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Kagoshima Prefecture
    • Oshima District
      • Setouchi-cho
Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)
Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)
      • Yamato village
Alfredo Petrov collection (December 2005 field trip)
  • Kochi Prefecture
    • Kami city
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969) +1 other reference
    • Kochi City
Mineralogical Society of America - ...
    • Nankoku city
Masutomi Museum specimens
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
  • Kumamoto Prefecture
Yoshimura et al. (1958)
  • Kyoto Prefecture
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
    • Nantan City
Toyofumi Yoshimura et al. (1969)
  • Mie Prefecture
    • Ise City
      • Shobu
www.issp.u-tokyo.ac.jp (1997) +1 other reference
  • Miyazaki Prefecture
    • Nishiusuki District
      • Takachiho
H. Momoi (1964)
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Shiga Prefecture
    • Gamo District
Fukuoka (1981)
    • Kusatsu City
Lee (1955) +1 other reference
  • Shimane Prefecture
    • Kanoashi District
      • Tsuwano
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Shizuoka Prefecture
H. Momoi (1964)
  • Tochigi Prefecture
Fukuoka (1981)
Fukuoka (1981)
  • Tokushima Prefecture
Yoshimura (1969) +1 other reference
    • Naka District
Nakagawa et al. (2009)
  • Tokyo Metropolis
    • Nishitama district
      • Okutama-cho
N. Aikawa (1987)
Petrov (n.d.)
  • Yamaguchi Prefecture
    • Iwakuni City
Lee (1955)
    • Kudamatsu City
Fumitoshi HIROWATARI (1961) +1 other reference
Lee (1955)
Mayumi Yoshinaga (1963)
  • Yamanashi Prefecture
    • Minamikoma District
      • Minobu
        • Shimobe
...
Kazakhstan
 
  • Ulytau Region
    • Karazhal
Evseev (1995)
New Zealand
 
Railton et al. (1990)
Norway
 
  • Innlandet
    • Lom
Rune S. Selbekk (2010)
Panama
 
  • Guna Yala
Redwood (2020)
Poland
 
  • Lesser Poland Voivodeship
    • Tatra County
      • Chochołowska Valley
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & EPMA data +1 other reference
  • Lower Silesian Voivodeship
    • Wrocław County
      • Gmina Kobierzyce
Ł. Kruszewski PXRD & pXRF data (paper in preparation)
Romania
 
  • Caraş-Severin County
    • Brebu
Hârtopanu et al. (1996)
  • Maramureș County
    • Târgu Lăpuș
Udubasa et al. (1996) +1 other reference
  • Suceava County
    • Cârlibaba
      • Cârlibaba
Hârtopanu et al. (1996) +1 other reference
    • Ciocănești
      • Ciocănești
Munteanu (1993) +1 other reference
    • Iacobeni
minerals-of-the-carpathians.eu (2008)
Russia
 
  • Komi Republic
webmineral.ru (2020)
Kazachenko et al. (2006)
  • Sverdlovsk Oblast
    • Sysertsky District
      • Sedel'nikovo
Brusnitsyn A.I. (2000)
  • Ural Mountains
Jocchen Hintze
Slovakia
 
  • Košice Region
    • Gelnica District
      • Smolník
Koděra et al. (1986)
    • Rožňava District
      • Čučma
Radvanec M. and Gonda S. (2020) +1 other reference
South Africa
 
  • Northern Cape
    • John Taolo Gaetsewe District Municipality
      • Joe Morolong Local Municipality
Cairncross et al. (1995)
        • N'Chwaning Mines
Cairncross et al. (1995)
Pohl et al. (1991)
Sweden
 
  • Dalarna County
    • Hedemora
      • Garpenberg
Grensman et al. (2001)
  • Örebro County
    • Hällefors
      • Grythyttan
Holtstam (2001)
  • Värmland County
    • Filipstad
      • Långban Ore District
Holtstam et al. (1999)
      • Persberg ore district
        • Pajsberg
Palache et al. (1951)
  • Västmanland County
    • Sala Municipality
      • Saladamm Ore field
Nysten (2020)
  • Västra Götaland County
    • Åmål
      • Strandhem ore field
Switzerland
 
  • Grisons
    • Viamala Region
      • Rheinwald
        • Splügen
Roth et al. (2013)
UK
 
  • England
    • Cornwall
      • Altarnun
[Specimen in the Natural History Museum +1 other reference
    • Devon
      • West Devon
        • Milton Abbot
USA
 
  • Alaska
    • Northwest Arctic Borough
      • Shungnak Mining District
Runnells (1964)
    • Valdez-Cordova Census Area
      • Copper River Mining District
- (2008)
    • Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area
      • Ambler Mining District
Am Min 49:158-165
  • Arizona
    • Pinal County
      • Scott Mountain
Anthony et al. (1995)
  • Arkansas
Howard (1987)
  • California
    • Alameda County
      • Livermore Mining District (Tesla District)
        • Mendenhall Springs
Murdoch (1966)
    • Calaveras County
      • Foothill Copper Belt
        • Carmen City
Trask et al. (1943) +2 other references
        • Lightner Peak
Taliaferro (1943a) +4 other references
      • West Belt
        • Lost City
Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references
    • Coastal Range
      • Bell Springs
Trask (1950) +1 other reference
      • Hearst
        • Sanhedrin Mountain
          • Mount Sanhedrin deposits (Impassable Rock deposit)
Murdoch (1966)
    • Glenn County
      • Elephant Hill
- (2005)
    • Humboldt County
      • Bridgeville
Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
      • Shelter Cove
- (2005)
    • Mariposa County
      • Coulterville Mining District
        • Coulterville
Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
      • West Belt
        • Granite Springs Mining District
          • Granite Springs
Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references
    • Mendocino County
      • Redwood Valley
O’Brien (1953) +2 other references
      • West Mayacmas Mining District
        • Mahnke Peak
Trask et al. (1943) +2 other references
    • Nevada County
      • Spenceville Mining District
        • Higgins Corner
Hewett et al. (1961) +2 other references
    • Plumas County
      • Moccasin
Trask (1950) +2 other references
      • Mount Hough
Trask (1950) +1 other reference
    • Riverside County
      • Menifee Mining District (Auld Mining District)
        • Menifee
Cal Div of Mines & Geo Bulletin 189 " ...
      • Pinacate Mining District
        • Lake Elsinore
Trask et al. (1943) +5 other references
    • San Benito County
      • Fourth of July Spring
- (2005)
      • Reinoso Peak
Pemberton (1983) +1 other reference
      • Stayton Mining District (McLeod Mining District; Panoche Mining District)
        • Messic Mountain
Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references
    • San Joaquin County
      • Ladd-Buckeye Mining District
        • Castle Rock
- (2005)
Trask (1950) +3 other references
        • Eagle Mountain
Trask (1950) +3 other references
    • Santa Clara County
      • Black Wonder Mining District
        • Red Mountain
Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
        • Sugarloaf Mountain
    • Shasta County
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Harrison Gulch Mining District
          • Dead Horse Ridge
Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references
    • Sonoma County
      • Coast Range
        • Cazadero
Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references
    • Stanislaus County
      • Ladd-Buckeye Mining District
        • Mount Oso
Trask et al. (1943) +5 other references
    • Tehama County
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Tedoc Mountain
Trask (1950) +2 other references
    • Trinity County
Trask (1950) +2 other references
      • Chicago Rock
Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references
Trask (1950) +2 other references
      • Horsehead Mountain
Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
      • Kekawaka
        • Shell View deposits (Shellview claims)
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • Klamath Mountains
        • Dubakella Mountain
Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references
        • Hayfork Mining District
          • Peanut
Hewett et al. (1961) +1 other reference
        • Pony Buck Peak
Trask et al. (1943) +2 other references
        • Trinity Mountains
          • Gozem Peak
Trask (1950) +2 other references
        • Upper Hayfork Creek area
          • Red Mountain
Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references
      • Mad River Rock
Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references
      • Neafus Peak
- (2005)
      • Pickett Peak
- (2005)
      • Shannon Butte
Trask et al. (1943) +4 other references
- (2005)
      • Three Forks
Huebner +8 other references
Trask et al. (1943) +1 other reference
      • Van Horn Peak
Trask (1950) +2 other references
    • Tuolumne County
      • Jacksonville Mining District
        • Domingo Peak
Trask et al. (1943) +3 other references
  • Connecticut
    • Litchfield County
      • Salisbury
Januzzi et al. (1976)
Januzzi et al. (1976)
    • Middlesex County
      • Haddam
Januzzi
  • Maine
    • Aroostook County
      • Castle Hill
      • T9 R3 WELS
  • Massachusetts
    • Hampshire County
      • Plainfield
Quinn (1945)
  • Nevada
    • Elko County
      • Hicks Mining District
USGS Open-File Report 76-56 +1 other reference
    • Humboldt County
      • Black Diablo Mining District
Bonham et al. (1985)
- (2005)
Castor et al. (2004)
    • Pershing County
      • Black Diablo Mining District
- (2005)
Castor et al. (2004)
  • New Jersey
    • Sussex County
      • Franklin
        • Franklin Mine
FOMS Millsite Committee (1986)
Koenig (1888) +1 other reference
      • Ogdensburg
        • Sterling Hill
Dunn (1995)
    • Alleghany County
      • Sparta
        • Bald Knob
Ross et al. (1932)
  • Washington
    • Clallam County
Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975)
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Derkey et al. (1990, November)
Valentine et al. (1960)
      • Lake Crescent Area
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Derkey et al. (1990, November)
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975)
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Valentine et al. (1956) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975)
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Valentine et al. (1960)
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975) +1 other reference
    • Grays Harbor County
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • Humptulips
Cannon (1975) +1 other reference
- (2005)
Cannon (1975)
- (2005)
      • Quinault Lake
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975) +1 other reference
- (2005)
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
    • Jefferson County
Cannon (1975) +3 other references
Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference
Cannon (1975) +1 other reference
    • Mason County
Derkey et al. (1990, November) +1 other reference
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
      • North Fork of the Skokomish River Area
Cannon (1975) +1 other reference
- (2005)
Valentine et al. (1960) +3 other references
- (2005)
- (2005)
Cannon (1975) +1 other reference
- (2005)
- (2005)
- (2005)
Biagioni et al. (2024)
Valentine et al. (1960) +1 other reference
    • Skagit County
      • Fidalgo Island
Cannon (1975) +1 other reference
- (2005)
 
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