Shrubs erect or dwarf, rarely small trees, sometimes climbers, deciduous or evergreen. Branches hollow or solid with white or brown pith; winter buds with 1 to several pairs of scales, rounded or acutely 4-angular, inner scales sometimes accrescent and reflexed. Accessory buds sometimes present, occasionally terminal buds reduced and substituted by 2 lateral buds. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, margin entire, rarely dentate or divided; leaves usually estipulate, occasionally with interpetiolar stipules or a swollen interpetiolar line; sometimes 1 or 2 pairs of leaves below inflorescence connate and forming involucral bracts. Inflorescence thyrsoid, terminal or axillary, cymes opposite and usually reduced to paired flowers, rarely 1-, sometimes 3-flowered. Inflorescence occasionally pedunculate; cymes sessile, sometimes forming a capitulum, or cymes pedunculate with a pair of bracts and 2 pairs of bracteoles; bracts usually small, sometimes leaflike; bracteoles usually free, sometimes ± fused and cupular occasionally enclosing ovaries, sometimes absent. Paired flowers with free or partially to completely fused ovaries. Calyx 5-lobed, rarely 4-lobed, sometimes truncate, base occasionally with a collarlike emergence. Corolla white, yellow, reddish, or purple-red, often changing color after anthesis, campanulate, funnelform, regularly or subregularly 5(or 4)-lobed, or bilabiate and upper lip 4-lobed; tube long or short, often shallowly to deeply gibbous on ventral side toward base, rarely spurred. Nectary of compact sessile glandular hairs on ventral side toward base of corolla tube, occasionally in 5 regular lines, rarely swollen at base of style. Stamens 5; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 2 or 3(-5)-locular; style slender, hairy or glabrous; stigmas capitate. Fruit a berry, red, blue-black, black, green, or white sometimes pruinose, bracteoles occasionally accrescent in fruit and enclosing paired berries. Seeds 1 to numerous, smooth, pitted or granular, with rounded embryo. LONICERA L. Lonicera japonica Thunb. ex Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 216. 1784. Bejucos enroscados; tallos pubescentes. Hojas ovadas a elípticas, 47 cm de largo y 23 cm de ancho, ápice agudo u obtuso, acuminado o mucronulado, base redondeada, glabras a papilosas. Inflorescencias axilares formadas de flores apareadas, solitarias y cortamente pedunculadas, abrazadas por un par de brácteas foliares de 12 cm de largo; corolas bilobadas, angostamente tubulares, 24 cm de largo, blancas, pero amarillas cuando marchitas, con fragancia dulce; anteras exertas; ovario 12 mm de largo, 3-locular, estilo y estigma verdes. Fruto una baya jugosa, negra, brillante. Cultivada; 220 m; fl dic; Guzmán 16; nativa del este de Asia. Esta especie es ampliamente cultivada como ornamental, escapada y naturalizada en muchas áreas cálido-templadas del mundo. Género con ca 180 especies, del hemisferio norte hasta México y las Filipinas. "Madreselva". A. Rehder. Synopsis of the genus Lonicera. Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 14: 27232. 1903. Vines, shrubs, or small trees, mostly pubescent with simple, several-celled hairs, some with transparent terminal glands which often dry reddish-brown; branches fistulose or solid. Leaves evergreen or deciduous, simple, mostly entire, paired, some pairs sometimes connate-perfoliate, glabrate or pubescent, sometimes glaucous beneath, membranaceous, coriaceous, or succulent, petiolate, mostly estipulate, bud scales often present. Inflorescences mostly numerous, pedunculate, 2-flowered cymes (dichasia) and bracteate and bracteolate or in sessile verticels of 3-flowered dichasia, the bracts sometimes foliaceous, the bracteoles sometimes connate and enveloping the ovary; pedicels short of wanting. Flowers fragrant, often showy, bisexual, 5-merous;. calyx-tube elliptical or rotund, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glaucous, the lobes small or obsolete; corolla variously colored, sometimes fading to a different color, rarely regular, mostly strongly 2-lipped and slightly ventricose or variously saccate, gibbous, or spurred, glabrous or pubescent and with 1-5 nectaries along the inside of the tube, the lobes quin- cunical in bud; stamens 5, subequal, the filaments slender, the posterior 3 inserted in the corolla tube slightly above the anterior 2, the anthers oval to oblong or narrowly elliptical, straight in bud but in flower sometimes recurving at both ends, dorsifixed and versatile, mostly exserted, the 4 locules sometimes partly confluent, dehiscing introrsely by longitudinal lateral slits; the ovary inferior, sometimes connate with that of the adjacent flower, 2-3(-5)-loculed, the ovules 3-8 per locule, pendulous from the top of the ovary, anatropous, the style elongate, slender, glabrous or pubescent, the stigma small, indistinctly-lobed. Fruit a juicy or fleshy few-seeded berry, often shiny and bright-colored, rarely enveloped by accrescent bracteoles, mostly surmounted by the persistent calyx lobes; the seeds compressed, ovoid with smooth or granular testa, the endosperm fleshy, the embryo terete, minute, straight or slightly curved, the cotyledons terete. Cor tubular or funnelform, mostly conspicuous, deeply or shallowly 5-lobed, often bilabiate with a 4-lobed and a 1-lobed lip, the tube often gibbous or spurred at base; cal short, 5-toothed; stamens 5; ovary 2–3-locular with several ovules per locule; style elongate; stigma capitate; fr a few-seeded berry; erect shrubs or trailing or twining vines, with simple, mostly entire lvs; infl terminal, of 1–few 6-fld whorls, or axillary, the peduncles then bearing a pair of terminal sessile fls, their ovaries sometimes united. 180, N. Hemisphere. (Nintooa, Phaenanthus, Xylosteon) Lianes'ligneuses, arbustes ou petits arbres.'Feuilles'caduques ou persistantes, simples et généralement entières, souvent glauques, sessiles ou à pétiole court, parfois celles d'un même nœud connées; fausses stipules généralement absentes.'Cymes'2- ou 3-flores, généralement latérales, parfois verticillées, pourvues de bractées.'Fleurs'sessiles ou courtement pédicellées, parfois les deux fleurs d'une même cyme soudées plus ou moins complètement par leurs ovaires infères; corolle rarement radiaire et 5-lobée, le plus souvent fortement bilabiée, de couleur variée; étamines 5, ordinairement exsertes, à anthère dorsifixe et versatile, introrse; ovaire à 2-3(-5) loges, à 3-8 ovules par loge; stigmate petit, indistinctement lobé.'Fruits charnus.\n\t\t\t\tGenre groupant environ 180 espèces. Aire principale dans la zone tempérée de l'hémisphère nord; aire totale couvrant les zones tempérées et chaudes. On cultive de nombreuses espèces pour leur beauté ou pour le parfum de leurs fleurs. A genus of nearly 200 species, mostly located in north temperate regions. Lianes'ligneuses, arbustes ou petits arbres.'Feuilles'caduques ou persistantes, simples et généralement entières, souvent glauques, sessiles ou à pétiole court, parfois celles d'un même nœud connées; fausses stipules généralement absentes.'Cymes'2- ou 3-flores, généralement latérales, parfois verticillées, pourvues de bractées.'Fleurs'sessiles ou courtement pédicellées, parfois les deux fleurs d'une même cyme soudées plus ou moins complètement par leurs ovaires infères; corolle rarement radiaire et 5-lobée, le plus souvent fortement bilabiée, de couleur variée; étamines 5, ordinairement exsertes, à anthère dorsifixe et versatile, introrse; ovaire à 2-3(-5) loges, à 3-8 ovules par loge; stigmate petit, indistinctement lobé.'Fruits charnus.\n\t\t\t\tGenre groupant environ 180 espèces. Aire principale dans la zone tempérée de l'hémisphère nord; aire totale couvrant les zones tempérées et chaudes. On cultive de nombreuses espèces pour leur beauté ou pour le parfum de leurs fleurs. LONICERA L. Lonicera japonica Thunb. ex Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14, 216. 1784. Bejucos enroscados; tallos pubescentes. Hojas ovadas a elípticas, 47 cm de largo y 23 cm de ancho, ápice agudo u obtuso, acuminado o mucronulado, base redondeada, glabras a papilosas. Inflorescencias axilares formadas de flores apareadas, solitarias y cortamente pedunculadas, abrazadas por un par de brácteas foliares de 12 cm de largo; corolas bilobadas, angostamente tubulares, 24 cm de largo, blancas, pero amarillas cuando marchitas, con fragancia dulce; anteras exertas; ovario 12 mm de largo, 3-locular, estilo y estigma verdes. Fruto una baya jugosa, negra, brillante. Cultivada; 220 m; fl dic; Guzmán 16; nativa del este de Asia. Esta especie es ampliamente cultivada como ornamental, escapada y naturalizada en muchas áreas cálido-templadas del mundo. Género con ca 180 especies, del hemisferio norte hasta México y las Filipinas. "Madreselva". A. Rehder. Synopsis of the genus Lonicera. Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 14: 27232. 1903. Cor tubular or funnelform, mostly conspicuous, deeply or shallowly 5-lobed, often bilabiate with a 4-lobed and a 1-lobed lip, the tube often gibbous or spurred at base; cal short, 5-toothed; stamens 5; ovary 2–3-locular with several ovules per locule; style elongate; stigma capitate; fr a few-seeded berry; erect shrubs or trailing or twining vines, with simple, mostly entire lvs; infl terminal, of 1–few 6-fld whorls, or axillary, the peduncles then bearing a pair of terminal sessile fls, their ovaries sometimes united. 180, N. Hemisphere. (Nintooa, Phaenanthus, Xylosteon) Vines, shrubs, or small trees, mostly pubescent with simple, several-celled hairs, some with transparent terminal glands which often dry reddish-brown; branches fistulose or solid. Leaves evergreen or deciduous, simple, mostly entire, paired, some pairs sometimes connate-perfoliate, glabrate or pubescent, sometimes glaucous beneath, membranaceous, coriaceous, or succulent, petiolate, mostly estipulate, bud scales often present. Inflorescences mostly numerous, pedunculate, 2-flowered cymes (dichasia) and bracteate and bracteolate or in sessile verticels of 3-flowered dichasia, the bracts sometimes foliaceous, the bracteoles sometimes connate and enveloping the ovary; pedicels short of wanting. Flowers fragrant, often showy, bisexual, 5-merous;. calyx-tube elliptical or rotund, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glaucous, the lobes small or obsolete; corolla variously colored, sometimes fading to a different color, rarely regular, mostly strongly 2-lipped and slightly ventricose or variously saccate, gibbous, or spurred, glabrous or pubescent and with 1-5 nectaries along the inside of the tube, the lobes quin- cunical in bud; stamens 5, subequal, the filaments slender, the posterior 3 inserted in the corolla tube slightly above the anterior 2, the anthers oval to oblong or narrowly elliptical, straight in bud but in flower sometimes recurving at both ends, dorsifixed and versatile, mostly exserted, the 4 locules sometimes partly confluent, dehiscing introrsely by longitudinal lateral slits; the ovary inferior, sometimes connate with that of the adjacent flower, 2-3(-5)-loculed, the ovules 3-8 per locule, pendulous from the top of the ovary, anatropous, the style elongate, slender, glabrous or pubescent, the stigma small, indistinctly-lobed. Fruit a juicy or fleshy few-seeded berry, often shiny and bright-colored, rarely enveloped by accrescent bracteoles, mostly surmounted by the persistent calyx lobes; the seeds compressed, ovoid with smooth or granular testa, the endosperm fleshy, the embryo terete, minute, straight or slightly curved, the cotyledons terete. 2-flowered cymes (dichasia) and bracteate and bracteolate or in sessile verticels of 3-flowered dichasia, the bracts sometimes foliaceous, the bracteoles sometimes connate and enveloping the ovary; pedicels short of wanting. Flowers fragrant, often showy, bisexual, 5-merous;. calyx-tube elliptical or rotund, glabrous or pubescent, sometimes glaucous, the lobes small or obsolete; corolla variously colored, sometimes fading to a different color, rarely regular, mostly strongly 2-lipped and slightly ventricose or variously saccate, gibbous, or spurred, glabrous or pubescent and with 1-5 nectaries along the inside of the tube, the lobes quin- cunical in bud; stamens 5, subequal, the filaments slender, the posterior 3 inserted in the corolla tube slightly above the anterior 2, the anthers oval to oblong or narrowly elliptical, straight in bud but in flower sometimes recurving at both ends, dorsifixed and versatile, mostly exserted, the 4 locules sometimes partly confluent, dehiscing introrsely by longitudinal lateral slits; the ovary inferior, sometimes connate with that of the adjacent flower, 2-3(-5)-loculed, the ovules 3-8 per locule, pendulous from the top of the ovary, anatropous, the style elongate, slender, glabrous or pubescent, the stigma small, indistinctly-lobed. Fruit a juicy or fleshy few-seeded berry, often shiny and bright-colored, rarely enveloped by accrescent bracteoles, mostly surmounted by the persistent calyx lobes; the seeds compressed, ovoid with smooth or granular testa, the endosperm fleshy, the embryo terete, minute, straight or slightly curved, the cotyledons terete. Vines, shrubs, or small trees A genus of nearly 200 species, mostly located in north temperate regions. Shrubs erect or dwarf, rarely small trees, sometimes climbers, deciduous or evergreen. Branches hollow or solid with white or brown pith; winter buds with 1 to several pairs of scales, rounded or acutely 4-angular, inner scales sometimes accrescent and reflexed. Accessory buds sometimes present, occasionally terminal buds reduced and substituted by 2 lateral buds. Leaves opposite, rarely whorled, margin entire, rarely dentate or divided; leaves usually estipulate, occasionally with interpetiolar stipules or a swollen interpetiolar line; sometimes 1 or 2 pairs of leaves below inflorescence connate and forming involucral bracts. Inflorescence thyrsoid, terminal or axillary, cymes opposite and usually reduced to paired flowers, rarely 1-, sometimes 3-flowered. Inflorescence occasionally pedunculate; cymes sessile, sometimes forming a capitulum, or cymes pedunculate with a pair of bracts and 2 pairs of bracteoles; bracts usually small, sometimes leaflike; bracteoles usually free, sometimes ± fused and cupular occasionally enclosing ovaries, sometimes absent. Paired flowers with free or partially to completely fused ovaries. Calyx 5-lobed, rarely 4-lobed, sometimes truncate, base occasionally with a collarlike emergence. Corolla white, yellow, reddish, or purple-red, often changing color after anthesis, campanulate, funnelform, regularly or subregularly 5(or 4)-lobed, or bilabiate and upper lip 4-lobed; tube long or short, often shallowly to deeply gibbous on ventral side toward base, rarely spurred. Nectary of compact sessile glandular hairs on ventral side toward base of corolla tube, occasionally in 5 regular lines, rarely swollen at base of style. Stamens 5; anthers dorsifixed. Ovary 2 or 3(-5)-locular; style slender, hairy or glabrous; stigmas capitate. Fruit a berry, red, blue-black, black, green, or white sometimes pruinose, bracteoles occasionally accrescent in fruit and enclosing paired berries. Seeds 1 to numerous, smooth, pitted or granular, with rounded embryo.General Information
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Morphology
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Distribution
Flore d'Afrique Centrale
MorphologyFlora de Nicaragua
General InformationNortheastern Flora
General InformationFlora de Panama
General InformationFlora of China @ efloras.org
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