【Qt】Qt中的QTcpSocket&QTcpServer通信（含项目代码）

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原创 2025-04-20 00:19:03 2.4k 阅读 AI 写同款· GEO 优化 ›

QT：Socket通讯(TCP) 学习笔记阅读详情

简介

本次主要总结学习到的TCP相关知识，并在Qt完成一个本地的TCP通讯的小项目

概念

TCP/IP协议中的传输层协议包括TCP和UDP

1、TCP是一种面向连接的可靠的传输层通讯协议，面向连接即客户端---服务器

特点：面向连接，有序号，和有序号和确认序号、排序检错、失败重传、用于大文件传输、不支持广播。

实例：HTTP，FTP

2、UDP是一种面向无连接的传输层通信协议。

特点：面向无连接、没有序号和确认序号、不排序检错、不失败重传、简单应答服务、支持广播、多播。

TCP的架构

qt中Tcp通讯的流程（来自于代码）

服务端

创建QTcpServer--------------------------m_s = new QTcpServer(this);
监听状态----------------------------------m_s->listen(QHostAddress::Any,port);
监测客户端连接----------connect(m_s,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,[=](){
获得连接-------------------------m_tcp = m_s->nextPendingConnection();
连接对端接收信号---------------connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,[=](){
读取客户端消息---------------QByteArray data = m_tcp->readAll();
发送数据-------------------------------------------m_tcp->write(msg.toUtf8());
关闭连接----------------------------------------m_tcp->close();

客户端

实例化QTcpSocket对象
连接服务器--connectToHost
连接对端接收信号--readyRead
发送数据--write()
关闭连接--disconnectFromHost()

API QTcpSokect&QTcpServer

1.qt工程的.pro中加入network

QT       += core gui network

2.头文件

#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QTcpSocket>

3.API

singnals:
    readyRead()//对端发送消息
    newConnection()//TcpServer创建新连接
    disconnected()//断开连接

QTcpSocket *nextPendingConnection();//挂起请求产生一个QTcpSocket指针

//监听端口和地址
bool listen(const QHostAddress &address = QHostAddress::Any, quint16 port = 0);

//连接到指定的端口和地址
virtual void connectToHost(const QHostAddress &address, quint16 port, OpenMode mode = ReadWrite);

Qt实现本地TCP通讯项目

项目学习来源：B站 “爱编程的大丙” 老师老师讲的很好，有时间可以去好好看一下

08-客户端的通信流程处理_哔哩哔哩_bilibili

主打学习分享，如有侵权及时通知删除

效果图：

代码实现：

TcpServer

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QTcpServer>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QLabel>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void on_StartServer_clicked();

    void on_sendMsgButton_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    QTcpServer *m_s;
    QTcpSocket *m_tcp;
    QLabel *m_status;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    ui->port->setText("8899");
    setWindowTitle("服务端");
    m_s = new QTcpServer(this);

    connect(m_s,&QTcpServer::newConnection,this,[=](){
        m_tcp = m_s->nextPendingConnection();
        m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/res/right.jpeg").scaled(20,20));

        connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,[=](){
            QByteArray data = m_tcp->readAll();
            ui->record->append("客户端say："+data);
        });

        connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::disconnected,this,[=](){
            m_tcp->close();
            m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/res/false.jpg").scaled(20,20));
        });
    });

    m_status = new QLabel;
    m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/res/false.jpg").scaled(20,20));
    ui->statusbar->addWidget(new QLabel("连接状态"));
    ui->statusbar->addWidget(m_status);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
    if(m_tcp){
        m_tcp->close();
        m_tcp->deleteLater();
    }
}

void MainWindow::on_StartServer_clicked()
{
    unsigned short port = ui->port->text().toUShort();
    m_s->listen(QHostAddress::Any,port);
    ui->StartServer->setDisabled(true);
}


void MainWindow::on_sendMsgButton_clicked()
{
    QString msg = ui->sendMsg->toPlainText();
    m_tcp->write(msg.toUtf8());
    ui->record->append("服务端say："+ msg);
}

TcpClient

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QTcpSocket>
#include <QLabel>

QT_BEGIN_NAMESPACE
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}
QT_END_NAMESPACE

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    MainWindow(QWidget *parent = nullptr);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void on_sendMsgButton_clicked();

    void on_connect_clicked();

    void on_disconnect_clicked();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    QTcpSocket *m_tcp;
    QLabel *m_status;
};
#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"

#include <QHostAddress>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent)
    : QMainWindow(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    ui->port->setText("8899");
    ui->ip->setText("127.0.0.1");
    setWindowTitle("客户端");
    ui->disconnect->setDisabled(true);
    m_tcp = new QTcpSocket(this);

    connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::readyRead,this,[=](){
        QByteArray data = m_tcp->readAll();
        ui->record->append("服务端say："+data);
    });

    connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::disconnected,this,[=](){
        m_tcp->close();
        m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/res/false.jpg").scaled(20,20));
        ui->record->append("已经断开连接");
        ui->connect->setDisabled(false);
        ui->disconnect->setEnabled(false);
    });

    connect(m_tcp,&QTcpSocket::connected,this,[=](){
        m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/res/right.jpeg").scaled(20,20));
        ui->record->append("已经成功连接到服务器");
        ui->connect->setDisabled(true);
        ui->disconnect->setEnabled(true);
    });

    m_status = new QLabel;
    m_status->setPixmap(QPixmap(":/res/false.jpg").scaled(20,20));
    ui->statusbar->addWidget(new QLabel("连接状态"));
    ui->statusbar->addWidget(m_status);
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::on_sendMsgButton_clicked()
{
    QString msg = ui->sendMsg->toPlainText();
    m_tcp->write(msg.toUtf8());
    ui->record->append("客户端say："+ msg);
}


void MainWindow::on_connect_clicked()
{
    QString ip = ui->ip->text();
    unsigned short port = ui->port->text().toUShort();
    m_tcp->connectToHost(QHostAddress(ip),port);
}


void MainWindow::on_disconnect_clicked()
{
    m_tcp->close();
    ui->connect->setDisabled(false);
    ui->disconnect->setEnabled(false);
}

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