C++网络编程实战全解析，面试必考的网络编程题！

原创

于 2026-09-18 09:06:34 发布 · 74 阅读

C++网络编程实战全解析，面试必考的网络编程题！

网络编程是C++开发的重要技能。本文系统讲解Socket编程、TCP/UDP通信、IO多路复用等核心内容，附带完整代码示例，助你拿下网络编程面试题！

1. 网络编程基础

1.1 TCP vs UDP

特性	TCP	UDP
连接	面向连接	无连接
可靠性	可靠传输	不可靠
顺序	保证顺序	不保证
速度	较慢	较快
应用场景	HTTP、FTP	DNS、视频流

1.2 Socket 编程模型

服务器端：                    客户端：
socket()                      socket()
  ↓                             ↓
bind()                        connect()
  ↓                             ↓
listen()                        ↓
  ↓                             ↓
accept()  ←── 三次握手 ──→    发送/接收
  ↓                             ↓
发送/接收                       close()
  ↓
close()

2. TCP Socket 编程

2.1 TCP 服务器

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

class TCPServer {
   
   
    int server_fd_;
    int port_;

public:
    TCPServer(int port) : port_(port), server_fd_(-1) {
   
   }

    bool start() {
   
   
        server_fd_ = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
        if (server_fd_ < 0) return false;

        int opt = 1;
        setsockopt(server_fd_, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &opt, sizeof(opt));

        struct sockaddr_in addr;
        addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
        addr.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
        addr.sin_port = htons(port_);

        if (bind(server_fd_, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
   
   
            close(server_fd_);
            return false;
        }

        if (listen(server_fd_, 10) < 0) {
   
   
            close(server_fd_);
            return false;
        }

        std::cout << "Server listening on port " << port_ << std::endl;
        return true;
    }

    void run() {
   
   
        while (true) {
   
   
            struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
            socklen_t client_len = sizeof(client_addr);
            int client_fd = accept(server_fd_, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &client_len);
            
            if (client_fd < 0) continue;

            std::cout << "New connection from " 
                      << inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr) << std::endl;

            handleClient(client_fd);
            close(client_fd);
        }
    }

private:
    void handleClient(int client_fd) {
   
   
        char buffer[1024];
        while (true) {
   
   
            memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
            int bytes_read = read(client_fd, buffer, sizeof(buffer));
            
            if (bytes_read <= 0) break;
            
            std::cout << "Received: " << buffer << std::endl;
            
            std