rman backup zhi section size

DBA运维工作中，可能会遇到数据库中个别的数据文件非常大，这样就会造成rman备份的速度缓慢（即便是多个并行的配置，但依然会是单通道的去备份该大数据文件的情况）11gr2后，Oracle 对此，在备份恢复特性中，推出了增强参数 SECTION SIZE。

官方的原文：

Specifies the size of each backup section produced during a data file backup.

By setting this parameter, RMAN can create a multisection backup. In a multisection backup, RMAN creates a backup piece that contains one file section, which is a contiguous range of blocks in a file. All sections of a multisection backup are the same size. You can create a multisection backup for a data file, but not a data file copy.

如果设置了section size参数，Rman就会创建一个连续范围内（大小为section 决定）的block 组成的备分片。每个备份片大小相同。且它只能在你备份数据文件（或者数据库，亲测），不能用在数据文件copy的备份方式上。

File sections enable RMAN to create multiple steps for the backup of a single large data file. RMAN channels can process each step independently and in parallel, with each channel producing one section of a multisection backup set.

file section 能让rman备份单个大数据文件是分成多个步骤（多个通道按照sectionsize创建备份片），实现并行处理。

If you specify a section size that is larger than the size of the file, then RMAN does not use multisection backup for the file. If you specify a small section size that would produce more than 256 sections, then RMAN increases the section size to a value that results in exactly 256 sections.

如果指定的section size比这个大数据文件还大，rman将无法提供并行备份（即该参数失效）。如果指定的大小非常小，rman会已256份为界限，将大数据文件的size/section size >256 ,调整为 section size为合理的大小，使备份片的量等于256份；

Depending on where you specify this parameter in the RMAN syntax, you can specify different section sizes for different files in the same backup job.备份不同数据文件可以指定不同section size.
Note: You cannot use SECTION SIZE with MAXPIECESIZE or withINCREMENTAL LEVEL 1.
注意，当指定了maxpiecesize 或者做1集备份时该参数失效

例1-1：

run { 
allocate channel c1 type sbt;
allocate channel c2 type sbt;
allocate channel c3 type sbt;
allocate channel c4 type sbt;
backup as compressed backupset datafile 6 section size 10g;
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}

脚本中将启动4个通道，每个通道读取6号数据库文件的一段10GB的连续的block段。
每个通道将生成包含段的备份的片（单独的物理文件）。如果文件为200GB, 将有20个这样的片，一次生成4个，会连续创建5次。
如果没有section size 关键字，并行读将为1（也就是序列化），只会用一个通道执行整个操作。

注意：在用Format定义备份集名字时要记得加上%U，否则会出现rman-3009 ora-19504 ora-27038的错。

例1-2 （基于linux 平台 11.2.0.4 单实例）

source /home/oracle/.profile
export ORACLE_SID=wengtf
rman target / <<EOF
run{
allocate channel c1 type disk;
allocate channel c2 type disk;
allocate channel c3 type disk;
allocate channel c4 type disk;
backup incremental level 0 cumulative section size 100M database format '/home/oracle/backup_%T_%n_%U'; 
release channel c1;
release channel c2;
release channel c3;
release channel c4;
}
 
run{
allocate channel c00 type disk;
backup archivelog  all format '/home/oracle/arch_backup_%T_%n_%U' delete all input;
release channel c00;
}
 
run{
allocate channel c01 type disk;
crosscheck backup;
delete noprompt expired backup;
delete noprompt obsolete device type disk;
release channel c01;
}
 
exit
 
EOF
 
mutt -s "test01_DailyBackup " -a /home/oracle/DailyBackup.log -- 邮件地址

例1-2 输出（live800 数据文件被分为10份）：

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on Sun Mar 6 14:59:01 2016
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.
connected to target database: TEST1 (DBID=1279889488)
RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> 11> 
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: c1
channel c1: SID=171 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c2
channel c2: SID=193 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c3
channel c3: SID=4 device type=DISK
allocated channel: c4
channel c4: SID=25 device type=DISK
Starting backup at 06-MAR-16
channel c1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 1 through 12800
channel c1: starting piece 1 at 06-MAR-16
channel c2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00002 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_cc38tgc5_.dbf
backing up blocks 1 through 12800
channel c2: starting piece 1 at 06-MAR-16
channel c3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00001 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/o1_mf_system_cc38tg9t_.dbf
backing up blocks 1 through 12800
channel c3: starting piece 1 at 06-MAR-16
channel c4: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00003 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_cc38tgcg_.dbf
backing up blocks 1 through 12800
channel c4: starting piece 1 at 06-MAR-16
channel c4: finished piece 1 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8pqvqbpp_1_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c4: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 12801 through 25600
channel c4: starting piece 2 at 06-MAR-16
channel c1: finished piece 1 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8mqvqbpp_1_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 25601 through 38400
channel c1: starting piece 3 at 06-MAR-16
channel c2: finished piece 1 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8nqvqbpp_1_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 38401 through 51200
channel c2: starting piece 4 at 06-MAR-16
channel c3: finished piece 1 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8oqvqbpp_1_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02
channel c3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 51201 through 64000
channel c3: starting piece 5 at 06-MAR-16
channel c1: finished piece 3 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8mqvqbpp_3_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 64001 through 76800
channel c1: starting piece 6 at 06-MAR-16
channel c2: finished piece 4 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8mqvqbpp_4_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 76801 through 89600
channel c2: starting piece 7 at 06-MAR-16
channel c4: finished piece 2 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8mqvqbpp_2_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c4: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c4: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c4: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 89601 through 102400
channel c4: starting piece 8 at 06-MAR-16
channel c1: finished piece 6 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8mqvqbpp_6_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 102401 through 115200
channel c1: starting piece 9 at 06-MAR-16
channel c2: finished piece 7 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8mqvqbpp_7_1tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c2: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c2: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c2: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 115201 through 128000
channel c2: starting piece 10 at 06-MAR-16
channel c3: finished piece 5 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8mqvqbpp_5_1tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c3: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
channel c3: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c3: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00005 name=/u01/oracle/oradata/TEST1/datafile/datalive800
backing up blocks 128001 through 131072
channel c3: starting piece 11 at 06-MAR-16
channel c1: finished piece 9 at 06-MAR-16
piece handle=/home/oracle/backup_20160306_TEST1xxx_8mqvqbpp_9_1 tag=TAG20160306T145905 comment=NONE
channel c1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
channel c1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set
channel c1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

....此处省略.....

RMAN retention policy will be applied to the command
RMAN retention policy is set to recovery window of 1 days
no obsolete backups found
released channel: c01
RMAN> 
RMAN> 
Recovery Manager complete.
END