Section: Ecology
Topic: Ecology

Tools for the computation of acoustic parameters of narrow band high frequency clicks of odontocetes

Malige, Franck1, 2 orcid; Silvestri, Margherita3 orcid; Soto Gamboa, Mauricio3 orcid; Hinojosa, Ivan A.4, 5, 6, 7 orcid; Giardino, Gisela8, 9 orcid; Giraudet, Pascale1, 2 orcid; Glotin, Hervé1, 2 orcid; Pereira, Ricardo10; Aguilar, Angel10; Molina, Victor4; Sotomayor, Fernanda4; Macchi, Agustina8, 9 orcid; Rabinovich, Ignacio8, 9 orcid; Rodriguez, Diego H.8, 9 orcid; Monti, Elisa11; Nous, Camille12; Patris, Julie1, 2 orcid 
1DYNI team, LIS laboratory (CMR 7020), Aix-Marseille and Toulon university, France
2CIAN, international center of artificial intelligence in natural acoustics, France
3Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), Chile
4Facultad de ciencias, departamiento de Ecología, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Concepción, Chile
5Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, (ESMOI),Coquimbo, Chile
6Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, (CIBAS), Concepción, Chile
7Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica, Universidad de Concepción, (COPAS AUSTRAL), Concepción, Chile
8Universidad de Mar del Plata, Argentina
9Instituto de investigaciones marinas y costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
10Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), Chile
11Vuelve al Oceano NGO, Corral, Chile
12Laboratoire Cogitamus, France https://www.cogitamus.fr/

Corresponding author(s): Patris, Julie (julie.patris@univ-amu.fr)

10.24072/pcjournal.832 - Peer Community Journal, Volume 6 (2026), article no. e120

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Acoustic recording can be a very interesting way of monitoring cetaceans for conservation purposes. However, some sympatric species produce very similar sounds and are thus difficult to study specifically. In this work, we are interested in characterizing the narrow band high frequency (NBHF) clicks emitted by several species of odontocetes, among which all porpoises and some species of dolphins. The traditional acoustic parameters (durations, frequencies, bandwidths) of NBHF clicks show several drawbacks, such as redundancy, lack of precise definition, and poor robustness to noise. In this study, we propose a new method of characterizing NBHF clicks by fitting a Gabor wavelet to the signal and thus extracting two specific metrics, the Gabor frequency and the Gabor duration. We first assess the theoretical usefulness of this mathematical model, and then test it against traditional measurements in numerical examples with varying levels of noise. Our method is then applied to two empirical datasets recorded in South America, a place were many sympatric species are found to emit NBHF clicks. Two large sets of signals are thus analyzed and compared : one of clicks of Peale’s dolphins (Cephalorhynchus australis) from Chaihuin bay, Chile, and the other of clicks of Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei) from San Clemente del Tuyu, Argentina. Our metrics allow a good characterization of each species’ clicks with quick and efficient computation, with good reproducibility across different recording devices, and a clear separation of the two species. We suggest it could be applied to more datasets from different species, and possibly be used to classify NBHF of sympatric species.

Published online:
DOI: 10.24072/pcjournal.832
Type: Research article
Classification:
Keywords: Odontocetes, acoustics, clicks

Malige, Franck  1 , 2 ; Silvestri, Margherita  3 ; Soto Gamboa, Mauricio  3 ; Hinojosa, Ivan A.   4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ; Giardino, Gisela   8 , 9 ; Giraudet, Pascale  1 , 2 ; Glotin, Hervé   1 , 2 ; Pereira, Ricardo  10 ; Aguilar, Angel  10 ; Molina, Victor   4 ; Sotomayor, Fernanda  4 ; Macchi, Agustina  8 , 9 ; Rabinovich, Ignacio  8 , 9 ; Rodriguez, Diego H.  8 , 9 ; Monti, Elisa  11 ; Nous, Camille  12 ; Patris, Julie  1 , 2

1 DYNI team, LIS laboratory (CMR 7020), Aix-Marseille and Toulon university, France
2 CIAN, international center of artificial intelligence in natural acoustics, France
3 Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), Chile
4 Facultad de ciencias, departamiento de Ecología, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC), Concepción, Chile
5 Center for Ecology and Sustainable Management of Oceanic Islands, Departamento de Biología Marina, Universidad Católica del Norte, (ESMOI),Coquimbo, Chile
6 Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, (CIBAS), Concepción, Chile
7 Centro de Investigación Oceanográfica, Universidad de Concepción, (COPAS AUSTRAL), Concepción, Chile
8 Universidad de Mar del Plata, Argentina
9 Instituto de investigaciones marinas y costeras (IIMyC), FCEyN, UNMdP-CONICET, 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
10 Universidad Austral de Chile (UACh), Chile
11 Vuelve al Oceano NGO, Corral, Chile
12 Laboratoire Cogitamus, France https://www.cogitamus.fr/
License: CC-BY 4.0
Copyrights: The authors retain unrestricted copyrights and publishing rights
Malige, F.; Silvestri, M.; Soto Gamboa, M.; Hinojosa, I. A.; Giardino, G.; Giraudet, P.; Glotin, H.; Pereira, R.; Aguilar, A.; Molina, V.; Sotomayor, F.; Macchi, A.; Rabinovich, I.; Rodriguez, D. H.; Monti, E.; Nous, C.; Patris, J. Tools for the computation of acoustic parameters of narrow band high frequency clicks of odontocetes. Peer Community Journal, Volume 6 (2026), article  no. e120. https://doi.org/10.24072/pcjournal.832
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     title = {Tools for the computation of acoustic parameters of narrow band high frequency clicks of odontocetes},
     journal = {Peer Community Journal},
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PCI peer reviews and recommendation, and links to data, scripts, code and supplementary information: 10.24072/pci.ecology.100926

Conflict of interest of the recommender and peer reviewers:
The recommender in charge of the evaluation of the article and the reviewers declared that they have no conflict of interest (as defined in the code of conduct of PCI) with the authors or with the content of the article.

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