1842–43 United States Senate elections
(Redirected from 1843 United States Senate election in Arkansas)
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Various dates
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17 of the 52 seats in the United States Senate (with special elections) 27 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 Results: Democratic gain Democratic hold Whig hold | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The 1842–43 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1842 and 1843, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.[1] In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3.
The Whigs lost seats but maintained control of the Senate. Although they lost three seats in the regular elections, they gained two of them back by the start of the first session in special elections.
Results summary
[edit]Senate party division, 28th Congress (1843–1845)
- Majority party: Whig (27)
- Minority party: Democratic (22–23)
- Other parties: (0–1)
- Total seats: 52–54
Change in Senate composition
[edit]Before the elections
[edit]After July 1842 appointment in New Jersey.
| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | ||||
| D16 Ran |
D15 Ran |
D14 Ran |
D13 Ran |
D12 Ran |
D11 Ran |
D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D17 Unknown |
D18 Unknown |
D19 Retired |
D20 Retired |
V2 | V1 | W30 Resigned |
W29 Retired |
W28 Unknown |
W27 Unknown |
| Majority → | W26 Ran | ||||||||
| W17 | W18 | W19 | W20 | W21 | W22 | W23 | W24 Ran |
W25 Ran | |
| W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 | W11 | W10 | W9 | W8 | W7 |
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | ||||
Result of the elections
[edit]| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | ||||
| D16 Re-elected |
D15 Re-elected |
D14 Re-elected |
D13 Re-elected |
D12 Re-elected |
D11 Re-elected |
D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| D17 Re-elected |
D18 Hold |
D19 Hold |
D20 Hold |
D21 Hold |
D22 Gain |
D23 Gain |
V2 | V1 | W27 Hold |
| Majority → | W26 Hold | ||||||||
| W17 | W18 | W19 | W20 | W21 | W22 | W23 | W24 Re-elected |
W25 Re-elected | |
| W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 | W11 | W10 | W9 | W8 | W7 |
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | ||||
Beginning of the next Congress
[edit]| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | ||||
| D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 |
| D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 | D22 | V3 D Loss |
V2 | V1 | W27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | W26 | ||||||||
| W17 | W18 | W19 | W20 | W21 | W22 | W23 | W24 | W25 | |
| W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 | W11 | W10 | W9 | W8 | W7 |
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | ||||
Beginning of the first session of the next Congress (December 4, 1843)
[edit]| D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 | D6 | ||||
| D16 | D15 | D14 | D13 | D12 | D11 | D10 | D9 | D8 | D7 |
| D17 | D18 | D19 | D20 | D21 Hold |
D22 Hold |
D23 Gain |
W29 Gain |
W28 Gain |
W27 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Majority → | W26 | ||||||||
| W17 | W18 | W19 | W20 | W21 | W22 | W23 | W24 | W25 | |
| W16 | W15 | W14 | W13 | W12 | W11 | W10 | W9 | W8 | W7 |
| W1 | W2 | W3 | W4 | W5 | W6 | ||||
| Key: |
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Race summaries
[edit]Bold states link to specific election articles.
Special elections during the 27th Congress
[edit]In these elections, the winners were elected during 1842 or in 1843 before March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Rhode Island (Class 1) |
Nathan F. Dixon | Whig | 1838 | Incumbent died January 29, 1842. New senator elected February 5, 1842 on the third ballot. Whig hold. |
|
| Kentucky (Class 3) |
Henry Clay | Whig | 1806 (special) 1807 (retired) 1810 (special) 1811 (retired) 1831 (late) 1836 |
Incumbent resigned March 31, 1842. New senator elected February 25, 1842. Whig hold. Winner later re-elected to the next term; see below. |
|
| Louisiana (Class 3) |
Alexandre Mouton | Democratic | 1837 (special) 1837 |
Incumbent resigned March 1, 1842. New senator elected March 10, 1842. Whig gain. Winner later lost re-election to the next term; see below. |
|
| New Hampshire (Class 3) |
Leonard Wilcox | Democratic | 1842 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected June 8, 1842.[5] Winner later lost re-election to the next term; see below. |
|
| Vermont (Class 3) |
Samuel C. Crafts | Whig | 1842 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 26, 1842.[6]: 42–43 Winner had not been elected to the next term; see below. |
|
| New Jersey (Class 1) |
William L. Dayton | Whig | 1842 (appointed) | Interim appointee elected October 28, 1842.[7] |
|
| South Carolina (Class 3) |
William C. Preston | Whig | 1833 (special) 1837 |
Incumbent resigned November 29, 1842. New senator elected December 2, 1842. Democratic gain. Winner also elected the same day to the next term; see below. |
|
| South Carolina (Class 2) |
John C. Calhoun | Democratic | 1832 (special) 1834 1840 |
Incumbent resigned March 3, 1843. New senator elected December 15, 1842 on the third ballot. Democratic hold. |
|
| Maine (Class 1) |
Reuel Williams | Democratic | 1837 (special) 1839 |
Incumbent resigned February 15, 1843. New senator elected March 3, 1843. Democratic hold. |
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Races leading to the 28th Congress
[edit]In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1843; ordered by state.
All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Alabama | Arthur P. Bagby | Democratic | 1841 (special) | Incumbent re-elected in 1842. |
|
| Arkansas | Ambrose Sevier | Democratic | 1836 (new state) 1837 |
Incumbent re-elected in 1843. |
|
| Connecticut | Perry Smith | Democratic | 1837 | Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1842 but, due to ill health and a credentials challenge, was unable to serve until May 16, 1844; nevertheless, his term began March 4, 1843. Democratic hold. |
|
| Georgia | Alfred Cuthbert | Democratic | 1835 (special) 1837 |
Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1843. Democratic hold. |
|
| Illinois | Richard M. Young | Democratic | 1837 | Incumbent retired. New senator elected in 1843. Democratic hold. |
|
| Indiana | Oliver H. Smith | Whig | 1836 | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected in 1842. Democratic gain. |
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| Kentucky | John J. Crittenden | Whig | 1816 1819 (resigned) 1835 1841 (retired) 1842 (special) |
Incumbent re-elected January 7, 1843. |
|
| Louisiana | Charles M. Conrad | Whig | 1842 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected January 9, 1843, but, due to ill health, did not take the seat. Whig hold. |
|
| Maryland | John L. Kerr | Whig | 1841 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1843. Whig hold. |
|
| Missouri | Lewis F. Linn | Democratic | 1833 (appointed) 1834 (special) 1836 |
Incumbent re-elected November 23, 1842. |
|
| New Hampshire | Leonard Wilcox | Democratic | 1842 (appointed) 1842 (special) |
Incumbent lost re-election. New senator elected November 9, 1842. Democratic hold. |
|
| New York | Silas Wright Jr. | Democratic | 1833 (special) 1837 |
Incumbent re-elected February 7, 1843. |
|
| North Carolina | William A. Graham | Whig | 1840 (special) | Incumbent retired or lost re-election. New senator elected in 1843. Democratic gain. |
|
| Ohio | William Allen | Democratic | 1836 | Incumbent re-elected in 1842. |
|
| Pennsylvania | James Buchanan | Democratic | 1834 (special) 1836 |
Incumbent re-elected January 10, 1843. |
|
| South Carolina | Vacant | Sen. William C. Preston (W) resigned November 29, 1842. New senator elected December 2, 1842. Democratic gain. Winner also elected the same day to finish the current term; see above. |
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| Vermont | Samuel C. Crafts | Whig | 1842 (appointed) | Incumbent retired. New senator elected October 21, 1842.[6]: 32 Whig hold. Winner was not elected to finish the current term; see above. |
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Elections during the 28th Congress
[edit]In these special elections, the winners were elected in 1843 after March 4; ordered by election date.
| State | Incumbent | Results | Candidates | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Senator | Party | Electoral history | |||
| Tennessee (Class 1) |
Alfred O. P. Nicholson | Democratic | 1840 (appointed) | Incumbent resigned February 7, 1842. New senator elected October 17, 1843. Whig gain. |
|
| Tennessee (Class 2) |
Vacant since 1841 | Legislature had failed to elect since the 27th Congress. New senator elected October 17, 1843. Whig gain. |
| ||
Complete list of races
[edit]Maryland
[edit]![[icon]](https://classinph.pages.dev/bl-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding missing information. (November 2022) |
December 1843
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80 members of the Maryland General Assembly | ||||||||||||||||
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James Pearce won election by an unknown margin of votes, for the Class 3 seat.[16]
New York
[edit]The election was held February 7, 1843, by the New York State Legislature. Silas Wright Jr. had been elected in 1833 to this seat after the resignation of William L. Marcy, and had been re-elected in 1837. Wright's term would expire on March 3, 1843. At the State election in November 1842, Democrat William C. Bouck was elected Governor, 92 Democrats and 36 Whigs were elected to the Assembly, and 8 Democrats and 1 Whig were elected to the State Senate. The 66th New York State Legislature met from January 3 to April 18, 1843, at Albany, New York. The incumbent U.S. Senator Silas Wright Jr. was re-nominated unanimously by a Democratic caucus on the eve of the election. Congressman Millard Fillmore was the candidate of the Whig Party. Silas Wright Jr. was the choice of both the Assembly and the Senate, and was declared elected.
| Candidate | Party | Senate (32 members) |
Assembly (128 members) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Silas Wright Jr. | Democrat | 17 | 77 |
| Millard Fillmore | Whig | 6 | 16 |
| John A. Collier | Whig | 1 | 6 |
| Willis Hall | Whig | 4 | |
| George W. Patterson | Whig | 3 | |
| George A. Simmons | Whig | 2 | |
| Luther Bradish | Whig | 1 | |
| Gulian C. Verplanck | Whig | 1 |
Wright continued in the U.S. Senate, and remained in office until November 1844 when he resigned after his election as Governor of New York. Henry A. Foster was appointed to fill the vacancy temporarily, but the State Legislature elected John A. Dix for the remainder of Wright's term.
Pennsylvania
[edit]The election was held January 10, 1843. Future President of the United States James Buchanan was re-elected by the Pennsylvania General Assembly to the United States Senate.[17] The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, convened on January 10, 1843, to elect a new Senator to fill the term beginning on March 4, 1843. Incumbent Democrat James Buchanan, who was elected in 1834 and re-elected in 1836, was a successful candidate for re-election to another term. The results of the vote of both houses combined are as follows:
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | James Buchanan (Incumbent) | 74 | 56.06 | |
| Whig | John Banks | 54 | 40.91 | |
| Democratic | Richard Brodhead | 1 | 0.76 | |
| Unknown | John Gibons | 1 | 0.76 | |
| N/A | Not voting | 2 | 1.52 | |
| Totals | 132 | 100.00% | ||
Tennessee
[edit]In 1841, Spencer Jarnagin was nominated for U.S. Senator by the Whig caucus in the Tennessee General Assembly. However, some of the Democrats in the legislature decided that no Senator would be preferable to a Whig. Known as the "Immortal Thirteen" by Tennessee Democrats, they refused to allow a quorum on the issue. By the time Jarnagin was eventually elected to the seat and sworn in, over two and half years, almost half of the term, had elapsed. Jarnagin finally assumed office on October 17, 1843.
See also
[edit]Notes
[edit]- ↑ The vote totals are for the New Hampshire House of Representatives only; the New Hampshire Senate journal does not provide a vote breakdown.
References
[edit]- ↑ "17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913)". National Archives and Records Administration. February 8, 2022.
- ↑ J. Fred Parker, Secretary of State (1914). Manual, with Rules and Orders, for the use of the General Assembly of the State of Rhode Island, 1914. State of Rhode Island manual. Providence, RI: E. L. Freeman Company, State Printers. p. 154.
- ↑ Journal of the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, Begun and Held in the Town of Frankfort, on Friday the Thirty-First Day of December, in the Year of Our Lord, 1841, and of the Commonwealth, the Fiftieth. Frankfort, KY: A.G. Hodges. 1841. pp. 585–586.
- ↑ Journal of the House of Representatives. First Session—Sixteenth Legislature. New Orleans, LA: J.D. de St. Romes. 1842. pp. 64–65.
- ↑ Journal of the Honorable Senate of the State of New Hampshire, at Their Session Holden at the Capitol in Concord, Commencing Wednesday, June 1, 1842. Concord, NH: Carroll & Baker. 1842. p. 52.
- 1 2 Journal of the Senate of the State of Vermont, October Session, 1842. Montpelier, VT: E.P. Walton and Sons. 1843.
- ↑ Minutes of the Votes and Proceedings of the Sixty-Seventh General Assembly of the State of New Jersey, at a Session Begun at Trenton, on the Twenty-Fifth Day of October, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-Two. Being the First Sitting. Woodbury, NJ: A.S. Barber. 1843. p. 30.
- 1 2 3 Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of South-Carolina. Being the Annual Session of 1842. Columbia, SC: A.H. Pemberton. 1842.
- ↑ Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Maine: Twenty-Third Legislature, 1843. Augusta, ME. 1843. pp. 526–527.
- ↑ Journal of the Senate of the State of Maine, A.D. 1843. Augusta, ME. 1843. p. 357.
- ↑ "Re-Election of Mr. Crittenden to the Senate--More of the Earthquake coming". The Middlebury people's press. Middlebury, Vt. January 25, 1843. p. 2. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
- ↑ Journal of the House of Representatives. First Session—Seventeenth Legislature. New Orleans, LA: J.D. de St. Romes. 1843. pp. 16–17.
- ↑ Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Missouri, at the First Session of the Twelfth General Assembly, Begun and Held at the City of Jefferson, on Monday, the Twenty-First Day of November, in the Year of Our Lord One Thousand Eight Hundred and Forty-Two. Jefferson, MO: W. Lusk and Son. 1843. p. 41.
- ↑ Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of New Hampshire, at Their Session Holden at the Capitol in Concord, Commencing Wednesday, November 2, 1842. Concord, NH: Carroll & Baker. 1843. p. 43.
- 1 2 Journal of the Senate of Tennessee, at the Twenty-Fifth General Assembly, Held at Nashville. Knoxville, TN: E.G. Eastman & L. Gifford. 1843.
- ↑ "Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Jan 00, 1843". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved November 5, 2022.
- 1 2 "U.S. Senate Election - 10 January 1843" (PDF). Wilkes University. Retrieved December 22, 2013.
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- The New York Civil List compiled in 1858 (see: pg. 63 for U.S. Senators; pg. 134 for State Senators 1843; pg. 227f for Members of Assembly 1843)
- Members of the 28th United States Congress
- Political History of the State of New York, from Jan. 1, 1841, to Jan. 1, 1847; Vol. III by Jabez Delano Hammond (State election, 1842: pg. 311f; U.S. Senate election, 1843: pg. 349)
- Journal of the Assembly (66th Session) (1843; pg. 255f)
- Pennsylvania Election Statistics: 1682-2006 from the Wilkes University Election Statistics Project
