Hop Sing Tong
| Formation | 1875 | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 合勝堂 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 合胜堂 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
The Hop Sing Tong is a Chinese American Tong.[1]
The Hop Sing Tong's official records place its establishment in 1875 in San Francisco,[2] though the tong may have been active as early as the 1860s.[3] Newspaper reports on the Hop Sing Tong first appeared in the mid-1870s, placing the group and its activities in Virginia City, Nevada, where many Chinese immigrants lived as silver miners, only noting a presence in California since 1881. Additional branches were established throughout the northwestern United States by the end of the decade.[2]
Historically, the Hop Sing Tong was noted for its particular use of violence in conflicts with other tongs, particularly during the Tong Wars, and its fine calligraphy used on official documents and building inscriptions. Examples of the latter include the front entrance signage of the San Francisco and Seattle branches, by Zhu Ruzhen and Xia Tonghe respectively. Until the end of the Qing dynasty, the tong kept close ties to imperial authorities.[2]
Branches
[edit]
The Hop Sing Tong has several branches in the United States. Branches include:
- Boise, Idaho - 706 Front Street (defunct)
- Denver, Colorado - 4130 E Colfax Avenue
- Los Angeles, California - 428 Gin Ling Way[4]
- Marysville, California - 113 C Street
- Portland, Oregon - 317 NW 4th Avenue
- Reno - 260 Lake Street (defunct)
- San Francisco, California - 137 Waverly Place
- San Jose, California - 639 N 6th Street (defunct)
- Santa Barbara - 100 East Canon Perdido Street (defunct)
- Seattle, Washington - 512 Maynard Avenue S
- Vallejo, California - 404 Marin Street (defunct)
Historic locations for which no present addresses are known also include Calexico, Monterey, and potentially Folsom.[2]
References
[edit]- ↑ Hop Sing Tong background information in Los Angeles CCBA website. (in Traditional Chinese)[dead link]
- 1 2 3 4 Lee, Jonathan H. X. (2015-11-12). Chinese Americans:The History and Culture of a People. ISBN 979-8216060321.
- ↑ Etter, Gregg W.; Knox, George W.; Smith, Carter F. (2018-07-04). Gangs and Organized Crime. ISBN 978-1351644891.
- ↑ "Hop Sing Tong". Los Angeles, California: Chinatown Business Improvement District. Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2025.
