House of Representatives (Morocco)
House of Representatives مجلس النواب ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ | |
|---|---|
| 11th Legislature | |
 | |
| Type | |
| Type | |
| Established | 1956 |
| Leadership | |
First Vice President | |
Second Vice President | |
| Structure | |
| Seats | 395 |
 | |
Political groups | Government (267)
Confidence and supply (23)[2][3] Opposition (105) |
Length of term | 5 years |
| Elections | |
| Party-list proportional representation; 305 seats elected in geographical multi-seat districts, 90 seats reserved for women elected by regional lists. | |
Last election | 8 September 2021 |
Next election | 2026 |
| Meeting place | |
 | |
| Rabat, Rabat-Salé-Kénitra Kingdom of Morocco | |
| Website | |
| www | |
| Constitution | |
| Constitution of Morocco | |
 |
|---|
 Morocco portal |
The House of Representatives (Arabic: مَجْلِسُ النُّوَّابِ [maʒ.li.su‿n.nu.wːaːb], Standard Moroccan Tamazight: ⴰⵙⵇⵇⵉⵎ ⵏ ⵉⵎⵓⵔⴰ, romanized: Asqqim n imura) is one of the two chambers—the other being the House of Councillors—of the Moroccan Parliament. The House of Representatives has 395 members elected for five-year terms, 305 of whom are elected in multi-seat constituencies, and the remaining 90 are elected based on regional lists dedicated to promoting gender equality.
History
[edit]The Justice and Development Party (PJD) remained the largest party, winning 125 of the 395 seats in the House of Representatives, a gain of 18 seats compared to the 2011 elections.[7][8] The Authenticity and Modernity Party (PAM) won 102 seats, and the rest of the seats were split among smaller parties.
Aziz Akhannouch's National Rally of Independents won the most seats (102), up 65 from the previous election.[9] With 87 members, the liberal Authenticity and Modernity Party lost 15 seats to finish in second place. With 81 seats overall, the center-right Istiqlal Party moved up to third place after gaining 35 seats.[10] The ruling Justice and Development Party lost 112 seats overall as a result of the election, winning just 13 seats.[11][12]
On 24 January 2023, the House of Representatives approved a bill that would set a level of “adequate knowledge” of Tamazight as a condition for obtaining Moroccan citizenship.[13][14]
Electoral system
[edit]The House of Representatives is composed of 395 deputies elected for five-year terms by proportional representation in multi-member constituencies. Of this total, 305 seats are filled in 92 constituencies with between 2 and 6 seats depending on their population, in addition to 90 seats to be filled in 12 constituencies of 3 to 12 seats corresponding to the regions. The candidate lists for these 90 regional seats must be composed of at least one-third women, who must occupy the first and second positions on the list.
For all constituencies, candidate lists are closed, with no panachage or preferential voting. After the votes are counted, seats are allocated solely on the basis of the electoral quotient, calculated from the total number of voters registered on the electoral rolls rather than from the number of votes cast, as was the case before 2021[15][16][17]
The number of seats per constituency varies between 2 and 6 according to the constituency's population. While large cities such as Casablanca, Fes, Rabat and Marrakesh are divided into several constituencies, in other cities the administrative boundaries coincide with the electoral boundaries.
Following a change to the electoral law passed in 2021 and implemented for the first time during the legislative elections held that same year, the 90 seats are no longer filled in a single national constituency, of which 60 are reserved for women and 30 for candidates under the age of forty[18]. Seats were previously allocated according to the largest averages method to all lists that had passed the electoral threshold. The latter was 6% in ordinary constituencies and 3% for the national list, based on the votes cast[15][18][19]
History
[edit]The number of seats comprising the House of Representatives has evolved according to the legislative elections held in Morocco since its independence, obtained in November 1955 and taking effect in 1956; it increased from 144 seats in 1963 to 395 in the 2011 elections.
| Legislative elections | Number of seats | +/- |
|---|---|---|
| 1963 | 144 | — |
| 1970 | 240 |  96 |
| 1977 | 264 | 24 |
| 1984 | 306 | 42 |
| 1993 | 333 | 27 |
| 1997 | 325 |  8 |
| 2002 | 325 |  |
| 2007 | 325 | |
| 2011 | 395 | 70 |
| 2016 | 395 | |
| 2021 | 395 | |
Role
[edit]The role of the House of Representatives is to grant or withdraw confidence in the government, propose and vote on laws, oversee the government, and approve the budget of the state.
In order to oversee the actions of the government, it may question members of the government through oral questions, submit written questions to members of the government, bring down the government through a motion of censure, and conduct parliamentary commissions of inquiry into any matter it considers to be of general interest, as well as summon civil servants and officials of public or private companies to question them.
The elected members are divided among several permanent committees and specialize during their terms in a particular field (Finance Committee, Energy Committee, Interior and Local Authorities Committee, Education Committee, etc.). The specialized committees assess the policies of the Moroccan state by hearing experts and senior civil servants, receiving ministers, and conducting field visits.
The committees also examine bills and legislative proposals. Bills are always examined by a committee before subsequently being presented in a plenary session. They are then voted on by the House of Councillors. In the event of disagreement with the latter, the House of Representatives has the final say.
Parliamentary groups
[edit]2016–2021 legislature
[edit]| Group name | President | Number of members | Political party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Justice and Development Group | Mostafa Brahimi | 123 | PJD | |
| Authenticity and Modernity Group | Rachid El Abdi | 103 | PAM | |
| Constitutional Rally Group | Taoufik Kamil | 62 | RNI, UC, MDS, PUD | |
| Istiqlalian Unity and Egalitarianism Group | Nourdin Moudian | 42 | PI | |
| Haraki Group | Mohamed Moubdi | 23 | MP | |
| Socialist Group | Amam Chokrane | 21 | USFP | |
| Progress and Socialism Group | Aicha Lablak | 13 | PPS | |
| Members belonging to no group or parliamentary grouping | 2 | FDG |
2021–2026 legislature
[edit]| Group name | President | Number of members | Political party | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Rally of Independents Group | Yassine Oukacha | 102 | RNI | |
| Authenticity and Modernity Group | Ahmed Touizi | 87 | PAM | |
| Istiqlalian Unity and Egalitarianism Group | Nouredin Moudian | 81 | PI | |
| Socialist Group | Abderrahim Chahid | 34 | USFP | |
| Haraki Group | Driss Sentissi | 28 | MP | |
| Democratic Constitutional and Social Group | Chaoui Belassal | 23 | UC, MDS | |
| Progress and Socialism Group | Rachid Hamouni | 22 | PPS | |
| Justice and Development Party Group | Abdellah Bouanou | 13 | PJD | |
| Members belonging to no group or parliamentary grouping | 5 | FFD, PSU, AFG |
List of speakers
[edit]| No. | Speaker | Political party | Term | Legislature |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mehdi Ben Barka | Istiqlal Party (PI) | 1956–1959 | Constituent |
| 2 | Abdelkrim al-Khatib | Popular Movement (MP) | 1963–1965 | 1st |
| 3 | Abdelhadi Boutaleb | Independent | 1970–1971 | 2nd |
| 4 | Mehdi Ben Bouchta | Istiqlal Party (PI) | 1971–1972 | |
| 5 | Dey Ould Sidi Baba | National Rally of Independents (RNI) | 1977–1983 | 3rd |
| 6 | Ahmed Osman | National Rally of Independents (RNI) | 1984–1992 | 4th |
| 7 | Mohamed Jalal Essaid | Constitutional Union (UC) | 1992–1997 | 5th |
| 8 | Abdelwahed Radi | Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP) | 1997–2002 2002–2007 | 6th 7th |
| 9 | Mustapha Mansouri | National Rally of Independents (RNI) | 2007–2010 | 8th |
| 10 | Abdelwahed Radi | Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP) | 2010–2011 | |
| 11 | Karim Ghellab | Istiqlal Party (PI) | 2011–2014 | 9th |
| 12 | Rachid Talbi Alami | National Rally of Independents (RNI) | 2014–2017 | |
| 13 | Habib El Malki | Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP) | 2017–2021 | 10th |
| 14 | Rachid Talbi Alami | National Rally of Independents (RNI) | 2021– | 11th |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ↑ "Guelmim : Abderrahim Bouaida récupère son siège au Parlement". Maroc Hebdo. 29 July 2022.
- ↑ "Groupes et groupements parlementaires au titre de la 11ème législature 2021-2026". Chambredesrepresentants.ma. 13 September 2021. Archived from the original on 2022-01-31. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
- ↑ "Les députés de l'UC et du MDS intègrent officiellement la majorité parlementaire". Le Matin.ma. 24 December 2021. Retrieved 2022-01-31.
- ↑ "Elections législatives partielles: La revanche de l'UC à Sidi Bennour , H24info". 13 May 2022.
- ↑ "Elections partielles à Al Hoceima et Médiouna : Quatre partis remportent le scrutin". Maroc Hebdo. 22 July 2022.
- ↑ "Les résultats des élections partielles". Medias24. 30 September 2022.
- ↑ "Islamist PJD party wins Morocco poll". BBC News. 2011-11-26. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ "Morocco's moderate Islamist PJD party wins 107 seats". Al Arabiya English. 2011-11-27. Retrieved 2023-03-09.
- ↑ "Morocco's ruling party suffers crushing defeat to liberal rivals". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
- ↑ "The Return of Liberals to Power in the Moroccan General Elections | The Washington Institute". www.washingtoninstitute.org. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
- ↑ "Islamists suffer crushing defeat in Moroccan parliamentary elections". France 24. 2021-09-09. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
- ↑ Alami, Aida; Casey, Nicholas (2021-09-09). "Islamists See Big Losses in Moroccan Parliamentary Elections". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-12-17.
- ↑ Aamari, Oussama. "House of Representatives Sets Amazigh as Condition to Obtain Moroccan Citizenship". moroccoworldnews. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
- ↑ "Morocco adds Tamazight as new prerequisite to obtaining Moroccan nationality for non Arabic speakers". HESPRESS English - Morocco News. 2023-01-26. Retrieved 2023-01-27.
- 1 2 "IPU PARLINE database: MOROCCO (Majliss-annouwab), Electoral system". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ "Élections du 8 septembre : La révision à la hausse de la représentativité féminine, un des principaux amendements de la nouvelle loi électorale". Maroc.ma. 19 August 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021..
- ↑ "Élections 2021 : comment le quotient électoral rebattra les cartes". LesEco.ma. http:www.facebook.comLesEco.Ma. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2021..
- 1 2 "Législatives 2016: mode de calcul, circonscriptions, Parlement sortant…". Medias24 - Site d'information. 3 August 2016. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
- ↑ "Le Maroc adopte des lois électorales qui limiteront le pouvoir des islamistes". Atalayar. Retrieved 9 September 2021.
- ↑ "Groupes et groupements parlementaires au titre de la 10ème législature 2016-2021". House of Representatives. 18 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
- ↑ "Groupes et groupements parlementaires au titre de la 10ème législature 2021-2026". House of Representatives. 18 January 2017. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
External links
[edit]| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
