Jump to content

St. Michael, Alberta

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

St. Michael
Hamlet
St. Michael is located in Alberta
St. Michael
St. Michael
Location of St. Michael
St. Michael is located in Canada
St. Michael
St. Michael
St. Michael (Canada)
Coordinates: 53°49′49″N 112°38′09″W / 53.83028°N 112.63583°W / 53.83028; -112.63583
CountryCanada
ProvinceAlberta
RegionCentral Alberta
Census division10
Municipal districtLamont County
Government
 • TypeUnincorporated
 • Governing bodyLamont County Council
Population
 (1991)[1]
 • Total
39
Time zoneUTC−06:00 (Alberta Time)
Area codes780, 587, 825

St. Michael is a hamlet in Lamont County, Alberta, Canada. It is located approximately 6 kilometres north of Alberta Highway 29 and about 42 kilometres northeast of Fort Saskatchewan. The hamlet developed as an agricultural service centre following the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1928.[2] Its name derives from the local Saint Michael the Archangel Roman Catholic Church, whose parish originated among Polish and Ukrainian settlers in the district during the early 20th century. St. Michael is one of several hamlets administered by Lamont County.

The community was once a substantial rural commercial and transportation centre, with grain elevators, general stores, implement dealerships, garages, lumber yards, a hotel, school, community halls, a co-operative store and other businesses.[3] Although many of these establishments disappeared during the second half of the 20th century as agriculture became increasingly mechanized and residents gained easier access to larger centres, St. Michael remains a small rural community with a number of surviving buildings and institutions associated with its history.

History

[edit]

Early settlement

[edit]

The district surrounding present-day St. Michael was settled before the establishment of the hamlet itself. The broader Beaver Hill Creek district, which included the areas around present-day St. Michael, Wostok and Skaro, was originally associated with the Wostok district. Polish settlers began arriving in the area in the 1890s, with some of the earliest families arriving in 1896 what was then the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Ukrainian families subsequently joined the settlement.

Early settlers practised mixed farming and were largely self-sufficient. Before railway transportation and improved roads, residents sometimes made two-day wagon journeys to Edmonton to obtain basic supplies. Neighbours depended heavily upon one another for assistance with farm work, construction, transportation and food.

The arrival of railway transportation transformed the district. Earlier settlement was dispersed among farms and small rural communities, while railway stations provided a means of transporting agricultural products and obtaining manufactured goods. The Canadian Northern Railway had already improved access to Edmonton for surrounding settlers before the later establishment of the St. Michael townsite.

Saint Michael the Archangel parish

[edit]

The religious community that ultimately gave the hamlet its name predates the railway townsite by more than two decades. Roman Catholic Masses were first celebrated in the district in 1898, and in 1900 Bishop Émile-Joseph Legal assigned a priest to minister to the Polish homesteaders.[4]

The settlers initially worshipped in private homes. Construction of a log chapel began around 1900, and the building was completed in 1905–1906. Local parishioners provided much of the labour, including squaring logs and filling the gaps between them. The chapel was dedicated by Bishop Legal on 18 December 1906 to Saint John Cantius.[5]

As the Catholic population grew, plans were made for a larger church. Construction began in 1914, with the exterior completed in 1915. Interior finishing continued for several years, and the interior painting and decoration were completed in 1925. Although the church had initially been intended for another dedication, parishioners requested that it be dedicated to Saint Michael, and the request was granted.[6]

The resulting Saint Michael the Archangel Roman Catholic Church became the principal landmark of the district. Its sanctuary contains images associated with Saint John Cantius and Saint Michael the Archangel, as well as religious artwork associated with the Oblate order and Archbishop Henry Joseph O'Leary. A rectory was constructed in 1930. In 1940, a cenotaph, or Pomnik, was erected on the church property to commemorate the site of the original chapel.[7]

The parish produced two vocations to the priesthood: Father Peter Klita, ordained in 1935, and Father John Adamyk, ordained in 1964 and later serving as a missionary in Peru.

Railway townsite

[edit]

In 1928, the Canadian Pacific Railway extended its line westward from the Lloydminster area toward Edmonton. Parish representatives approached the railway and requested that the local station be named St. Michael after their church. The CPR accepted the request, replacing the nearby Wostok station designation with St. Michael. The railway's arrival led to the establishment of the present hamlet as a planned agricultural service centre.[8]

The first post office had actually been established several years earlier, in 1923, on a local farm. Following the arrival of the railway, the post office was moved to the new townsite in 1929.[9]

The townsite developed rapidly during the late 1920s and 1930s. By the early 1930s, St. Michael contained seven stores, six grain elevators, three bulk oil stations, three garages, four implement agencies, four blacksmith shops, two lumber yards, a hotel, poolroom, café, power plant and outdoor skating rink.[10]

Agriculture

[edit]

Agriculture was the foundation of St. Michael's economy. During the 1920s, increasing wheat prices encouraged farmers to clear and break additional land, while tractors and larger implements gradually replaced earlier methods of cultivation. Grain was transported by wagon or sleigh to the elevators at St. Michael and nearby communities.

Threshing was a major annual undertaking. Large crews worked together to harvest grain, with some operations processing thousands of bushels in a day. Farm families supplied meals for the crews, making threshing an important social as well as agricultural activity.

St. Michael developed an unusually large concentration of grain elevators for a community of its size. Six elevators were constructed between 1928 and 1930, operated at various times by the United Grain Growers, British American Grain Company, W. J. Anderson Grain Company, Bawlf Grain Company, and Pioneer Grain Company.[11]

The elevators were gradually removed during the second half of the 20th century. The United Grain Growers elevator was destroyed by fire in 1975, while the British American elevator was demolished in 1976. The Anderson elevator was destroyed by fire in 1978, and the Bawlf elevator was demolished in 1982. By the early 1980s, two Pioneer Grain Company elevators were among the remaining elevator structures.[12]

Businesses and services

[edit]

St. Michael's early commercial district contained a wide variety of businesses serving surrounding farms.[13]

The first general store was constructed in 1928, followed by several other general stores and trading establishments. One store constructed in 1929 operated as a general "one-stop" shopping establishment selling dry goods and fresh meat.[14]

A confectionery constructed in 1929 became known for ice cream and a locally associated food called "St. Michael Chop Suey", consisting of sardines, onion and vinegar.[15]

The St. Michael Co-operative Association was founded on 12 March 1942. The co-operative purchased the former Alberta Lumber building for $776, together with $373 for a safe and fixtures. The building was later renovated into a self-service store.[16]

The co-operative became an important community institution, hosting social events including annual banquets and Santa Claus celebrations. Declining membership and increasing wholesale costs eventually led to its amalgamation with the Andrew Co-operative Association in December 1981.[17]

The community also had several lumber yards. Alberta Lumber Company was established in 1928–29, while Imperial Lumber and Hardware opened in 1929. The latter eventually became St. Michael Hardware and Lumber. After the store closed, the building was acquired by the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village, which salvaged original timber for use in historical restoration work.

Hotel and community halls

[edit]

The St. Michael Hotel was constructed during the winter of 1928–29 and subsequently passed through numerous owners and operators. It remained an important social and commercial institution into the 21st century.[18]

A rooming house and café was constructed in 1940. The café became known for its Friday meals, particularly pyrohy and holubchi.[19]

Community dances and other social activities were initially held in converted commercial buildings. A store constructed in 1928 was converted into a dance hall in 1934. A new hall was built in 1940 and was acquired by the St. Michael Community Association in 1947. The building was destroyed by fire in 1979, after which community volunteers constructed a replacement hall in 1981.[20][21]

Other entertainment included movies, magic shows, concerts and dances. Saturday evening family dances featuring live polka music were a major part of community life. Card games, whist drives and bingo were also popular.[22]

Trades and transportation

[edit]

St. Michael supported a range of trades associated with an agricultural community. Blacksmith shops, harness and shoe repair shops, garages, implement dealerships and fuel stations served local farmers.[23]

The St. Michael Harness Shop and Residence, constructed around 1930, was relocated from St. Michael to the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village in 2004 as part of the Village Enrichment Project.[24] In 2024, stabilization and preparatory work was underway on the harness shop as part of the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village's enrichment program.[25]

Several garages and implement dealerships operated in St. Michael. Cockshutt, John Deere, Massey-Harris, Case and other agricultural machinery lines were represented at various times. The community also supported service stations and bulk fuel operations.[26]

One unusual local innovation was a propeller-driven "snow plane" constructed in St. Michael. The vehicle was used by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police and local doctors to transport emergency patients to the hospital in Lamont.

A successful water well was eventually drilled in the community, replacing earlier wells that had produced deep, salty or otherwise poor-quality water.

School

[edit]

Before St. Michael had its own school, children in the district attended Vienna School District No. 831, established in 1903 approximately one mile west and one mile south of the later hamlet. The Vienna school was subsequently relocated farther west and south and became known as New Vienna, while the original district number was retained for the new St. Michael school.

St. Michael School was constructed in 1935. The building was a wooden structure on a concrete foundation and was initially heated by a coal furnace. As enrolment increased, senior grades were taught in a rented building from 1939 to 1941, after which a second classroom was added.[27][28]

The school was enlarged to five classrooms in 1949, followed by the construction of a gymnasium. It served students from St. Michael and surrounding rural districts through Grade 9.[29][30]

The school also served as an important community centre. School activities included Christmas concerts, sleigh rides, Arbor Day tree planting, whist drives, bingo and holiday events. Youth organizations including a Boy Scout troop and a 4-H Club were established in association with the school.[31]

Declining enrolment resulted in the school's closure in 1969, after which students were transported by bus to Lamont. The vacant building was eventually purchased in 1979 and converted into a honey-extraction plant.[32][33]

Community organizations and communications

[edit]

The St. Michael Mutual Telephone Company was organized on 30 March 1935. Shares cost $30, with $10 payable initially and the remainder over two years. The company assumed responsibility for local rural telephone lines on 15 April 1935.[34][35]

The system was locally maintained, and operators and maintenance workers were responsible for restoring service following storms and other damage. The central operator was required to transmit a long ring across the system each morning at 8:00 a.m.[36]

In 1966, Alberta Government Telephones replaced the company's overhead system with buried cable, extending service to farms north of St. Michael. The mutual company was formally dissolved on 17 December 1968, with its remaining funds divided among its 35 active shareholders.[37]

Recreation and cultural life

[edit]

Baseball was one of the most prominent recreational activities in St. Michael. The local team was organized during the late 1920s and encouraged local businesses and grain elevators to employ skilled baseball players. The team played on a pasture northeast of the hamlet and competed against teams from communities including Fort Saskatchewan and Josephburg.[38]

The baseball diamond was also the site of annual Sports Days. Events included athletic competitions and other entertainment; in 1935, airplane rides reportedly cost $3.[39]

Music was another important component of community life. Local orchestras and bands provided music for dances, while a 30-member community choir was organized to raise funds for the baseball team and performed concerts in communities including Krakow and Chipman. In the 1950s, a local orchestra known as the "Starlites" used wooden music stands that were later donated to the Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village.[40]

The community also hosted touring performers, including musicians and entertainers, as well as films shown at the community hall.

World wars and economic change

[edit]

The First World War affected the district through military enlistment and labour shortages. The influenza epidemic of 1918 caused schools in the district to close, with some buildings temporarily used for medical purposes.

The winter of 1919–20 followed a severe drought and early snowfall, producing a serious shortage of livestock feed. Hay was transported by rail from Ontario at high cost, while some settlers reportedly removed thatched roofing from farm buildings to feed livestock.

The Great Depression brought further hardship. Wheat prices fell sharply after 1929, while gopher infestations and weeds damaged crops. Local farmers supported the Alberta Wheat Pool as a means of obtaining more favourable grain-marketing arrangements.

The Second World War and Alberta's post-war industrial development accelerated changes already underway in rural communities. Young workers increasingly moved toward Edmonton and other centres for industrial employment. Tractors and combines replaced horses and large numbers of seasonal farm labourers, while farms became increasingly mechanized and specialized.

Decline of the commercial centre

[edit]

St. Michael's prosperity had been closely tied to the railway, grain handling and its role as a service centre for surrounding farms. During the post-war period, improvements to gravel roads and the widespread ownership of automobiles allowed residents to travel more easily to larger communities.

As Edmonton, Lamont, Vegreville and other regional centres became more accessible, local merchants lost much of their former trade. At the same time, agricultural mechanization reduced the number of people required to operate farms, contributing to the decline of the hamlet's commercial population.

Many of the businesses that had characterized St. Michael during the 1930s and 1940s subsequently closed or disappeared. The railway station closed in the early 1960s and was later moved to a nearby farm for use as a residence. The school closed in 1969, the mutual telephone company dissolved in 1968, and most of the grain elevators were removed or destroyed between the 1970s and early 1980s.[41]

The Canadian Pacific Railway proposed abandoning the Willingdon subdivision, which ran between Lloydminster and Star, in 2001 as traffic declined along the line.[42] The railway was subsequently abandoned through St. Michael in the early 2000s, ending the community's connection to the rail network and contributing to the decline of the railway-dependent agricultural service centre.[43]

Despite the loss of its former commercial functions, the hamlet retains a number of residences, community facilities and buildings associated with its agricultural, Polish-Canadian, Ukrainian-Canadian and religious history.

Demographics

[edit]
Population history
of St. Michael
YearPop.±%
1941102—    
1951342+235.3%
1956127−62.9%
1961129+1.6%
196697−24.8%
197172−25.8%
197674+2.8%
198164−13.5%
198641−35.9%
199139−4.9%
Source: Statistics Canada
[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][1]

St. Michael recorded a population of 39 in the 1991 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 3 91 Census (PDF). Population and Dwelling Counts. Vol. Unincorporated Places. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1993.
  2. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 70. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  3. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  4. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 145–147. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  5. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 145–147. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  6. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 145–147. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  7. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 145–147. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  8. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 70. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  9. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  10. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  11. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 120, 124. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  12. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 120, 124. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  13. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  14. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  15. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  16. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  17. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  18. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  19. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  20. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  21. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  22. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  23. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  24. ↑ "Village Voice: Fall 2004" (PDF). Friends of the Ukrainian Village Society. 2004. p. 3.
  25. ↑ Friends of the Ukrainian Village Society (April 14, 2024). 2024 Annual General Meeting Minutes (PDF) (Report). p. 4.
  26. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  27. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 125–127. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  28. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  29. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 125–127. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  30. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  31. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 125–127. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  32. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 125–127. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  33. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  34. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 180. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  35. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  36. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 180. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  37. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 187. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  38. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 144. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  39. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (1982). Pride in Progress: Chipman — St. Michael — Edna/Star and Districts. Chipman, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 82–90. ISBN 0-88925-369-2.
  40. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  41. ↑ Alberta Rose Historical Society (2013). Pride in Progress Revisited: Chipman — St. Michael — Star and Districts. St. Michael, Alberta: Alberta Rose Historical Society. pp. 120, 124. ISBN 978-1-77136-235-1.
  42. ↑ "CPR might abandon five branch lines under revised network plan". Progressive Railroading. August 20, 2001.
  43. ↑ "Sinews of Steel - A Railroad History of Kalyna Country". Travel Lakeland.
  44. ↑ Ninth Census of Canada, 1951 (PDF). Vol. SP-7 (Population: Unincorporated villages and hamlets). Dominion Bureau of Statistics. March 31, 1954.
  45. ↑ Census of Canada, 1956 (PDF). Vol. Population of unincorporated villages and settlements. Dominion Bureau of Statistics. October 25, 1957.
  46. ↑ 1961 Census of Canada: Population (PDF). Series SP: Unincorporated Villages. Vol. Bulletin SP—4. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. April 18, 1963.
  47. ↑ Census of Canada 1966: Population (PDF). Special Bulletin: Unincorporated Places. Vol. Bulletin S–3. Ottawa: Dominion Bureau of Statistics. 1968.
  48. ↑ 1971 Census of Canada: Population (PDF). Special Bulletin: Unincorporated Settlements. Vol. Bulletin SP—1. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1973.
  49. ↑ "Geographical Identification and Population for Unincorporated Places of 25 persons and over, 1971 and 1976". 1976 Census of Canada (PDF). Supplementary Bulletins: Geographic and Demographic (Population of Unincorporated Places—Canada). Vol. Bulletin 8SG.1. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1978.
  50. ↑ 1981 Census of Canada (PDF). Place name reference list. Vol. Western provinces and the Territories. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1983.
  51. ↑ 1986 Census of Canada (PDF). Population. Vol. Unincorporated Places. Ottawa: Statistics Canada. 1988.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=St._Michael,_Alberta&oldid=1369873314"