[timtebeek]

Fixes C1 of #1116: NoValueOfOnStringType (in CommonStaticAnalysis) turned String.valueOf(a) + String.valueOf(b) with int operands into a + b, so string concatenation silently became integer addition.

Each operand was checked against the original binary, where the other operand was still a String-typed valueOf call, so both calls were removed. The left operand now keeps its call when the right operand is a String.valueOf(primitive) that will lose its own, which gives String.valueOf(a) + b. When the right argument is a String, both calls are still removed, because the result stays a concatenation.

Verified with ./gradlew test --tests "*NoValueOfOnStringType*" --tests "*CommonStaticAnalysis*": the new keepOneValueOfWhenBothOperandsAreValueOf test fails on main (it produced a + b and a + b + a) and passes here.