Thulium

Thulium,  ₆₉Tm

ngoi-kôn
silvery gray
Kî-pún sin-sit
Miàng, fù-ho	Thulium, Tm
ngoi-hìn	silvery gray
Thulium chhai chû-khì-péu ke vi-chi
– ↑ Tm ↓ Md erbium ← Thulium → ytterbium
ngièn-chṳ́ sì-sú	69
ngièn-chṳ́-liòng (±)	168.93422(2)
ngièn-su lui-phe̍t	lanthanum-hi
Chhu̍k, fûn-khî	n/a, f-block
chû-khì	period 6
thien-chṳ́ phài-lie̍t	[Xe] 4f13 6s2
per shell	2, 8, 18, 31, 8, 2
vu̍t-lî sin-chṳt
Siông	ku-thí
yùng-tiám	1818 K ​(1545 °C, ​2813 °F)
pui-tiám	2223 K ​(1950 °C, ​3542 °F)
Me̍t-thu near Sit-vûn	9.32 g·cm−3
8.56 g·cm−3
Yùng-fa-ngie̍t	16.84 kJ·mol−1
Chîn-fat-ngie̍t	191 kJ·mol−1
Ngie̍t-yùng-liong	27.03 J·mol−1·K−1
chîn-hi-ap P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k chhai T (K) 1117 1235 1381 1570 (1821) (2217)
Ngièn-chṳ́ sin-chṳt
Yông-fa-su	2, 3 ​(a basic oxide)
Thien-fu-sin	Pauling scale: 1.25
Thien-lì-nèn	1st: 596.7 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1160 kJ·mol−1 3rd: 2285 kJ·mol−1
Ngièn-chṳ́ pan-kang	empirical: 176 pm
Khiung-ka pan-kang	190±10 pm
Miscellanea
Chîn-thí keu-chho	​hexagonal close-packed (hcp)
Ngie̍t-phàng-chong	poly: 13.3 µm·m−1·K−1 (at r.t.)
Ngie̍t-chhòn-thô-li̍t	16.9 W·m−1·K−1
Thien-chú-li̍t	poly: 676 nΩ·m (at r.t.)
Chhṳ̀-sin	paramagnetic (at 300 K)
Young's modulus	74.0 GPa
Shear modulus	30.5 GPa
Bulk modulus	44.5 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.213
Vickers hardness	470–650 MPa
Brinell hardness	470–900 MPa
CAS Registry Number	7440-30-4
Le̍k-sú
Hí-miàng	after Thule, a mythical region in Scandinavia
Hoat-kiàn kap siōng chá ê tông-ūi-sò͘	Per Teodor Cleve (1879)
Chui vún-thin ke thùng-vi-su
Chú vùn-chông: Thulium ke thùng-vi-su
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 167Tm syn 9.25 d ε 0.748 167Er 168Tm syn 93.1 d ε 1.679 168Er 169Tm 100% – (α) 1.2004 165Ho 170Tm syn 128.6 d β− 0.968 170Yb 171Tm syn 1.92 y β− 0.096 171Yb
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed

Thulium (Hon-ngî: 銩 diū) he yit-chúng fa-ho̍k ngièn-su, fa-ho̍k fù-ho vì Tm, ngièn-chṳ́ su-muk he 69.