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Jaamacada Carabta

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Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta

  • جامعة الدول العربية (Carabi)
    Jāmiʿat ad-Duwal al-ʿArabiyya
Flag of Jaamacadda Carabta
Flag
Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah oo ku cagaaran madow
Dowladaha xubnaha ka ah oo ku cagaaran madow
XaruntaQaahira[a]
Luqadaha rasmigaCarabi
NoocaUrur goboleed
Xubnaha
Leaders
Ahmed Aboul Gheit
Mohammed Al-Yamahi[1]
Sharci dejintaBaarlamaanka Carabta
Establishment
22 Maarso 1945
18 Juun 1950
11 Sebtembar 1965
6 Abriil 1983
2 Janaayo 2005
Baaxada
• Baaxadda guud
13,132,327 km2 (5,070,420 sq mi) (Ka 2-aad)
Shacabka
• 2025 estimate
481,233,000[2] (Ka 3-aad)
• Density
36.64/km2 (94.9/sq mi)
GDP (PPP)2025 Qiyaas
• Total
$9.423 tiriliyan[2]
• Per capita
$19,581[2]
GDP (magacaabid)2025 Qiyaas
• Total
$3.546 tiriliyan[2] (Ka 7-aad)
• Qofkiiba
$7,369[2]
Lacagta
Soonaha waqtigaUTC+0 ilaa +4

Jaamacadda Carabta (Af Carabi: : الجامعة العربية), oo si rasmi ah loo yiraahdo Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta (جامعة الدول العربية), waa urur goboleed ka tirsan Dunida Carabta. Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa lagu aasaasay Qaahira taariikhdu markay ahayd 22 Maarso 1945, iyadoo ay ku midoobeen bilowgii toddobo xubnood: Masar, Ciraaq, Urdun, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, Suuriya, iyo Yemen Waqooyi.[3] Hadda, Jaamaddu waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan saddex waddan oo aan Carabi ahayn, waana Comoros, Djibouti iyo Somalia.[4]

Ujeeddada ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda ayaa ah "in ay sii dhoweyso xiriirka ka dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyo in ay iskudduwo iskaashiga dhexmoodle, si loo ilaaliyo madaxbannaanidooda iyo qaranimadooda, hamigoodana loo eego si guud arrimaha iyo danaha dalalka Carabta".[5] Ururku wuxuu taariikhdiisa oo dhan helay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah.[6]

Hay'adaha ay leedahay, gaar ahaan Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization (ALECSO) iyo Golaha Dhaqaalaha iyo Bulshada ee Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU), Jaamacaddu waxay fududaysaa barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqaale, dhaqan, saynis, iyo bulsho ee loogu talagalay in lagu horumariyo danaha Dunida Carabta.[7] Waxay u adeegtay sidii madal ay dalalka xubnaha ka ahi ugu duugi lahaayeen siyaasadda, ugu diyaarin lahaayeen daraasado iyo guddiyo la xiriira arrimaha wadajirka ah, ugu xallin lahaayeen khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dowladaha, isla markaana ay ugu xaddidi lahaayeen dhibaatooyinka sida dhibaatadii Lubnaan ee 1958. Jaamacaddu waxay kaloo ahayd madal lagu qabyo-tiray oo lagu soo gabagabeeyey dukumiintiyo badan oo taariikhi ah oo dhiirrigelinaya is-dhexgalka dhaqaale. Hal tusaale waa Joint Arab Economic Action Charter, oo qeexaysa mabaadi'da hawlaha dhaqaale ee gobolka.

Waddan kasta oo xubin ka ahi wuxuu leeyahay hal cod oo ku dhex leh Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta, go'aanna waxaa ku waajib ah oo keliya kuwa u codeeyay. Ujeeddadii jaamacadda ee 1945 waxay ahayd in la xoojiyo oo la isku xir-xiro barnaamijyada siyaasadeed, dhaqan, dhaqaale iyo bulsho ee xubnaheeda isla markaana la dhex-dhexaadiyo khilaafaadka dhexmoodle ama kuwa iyaga iyo dhinacyada saddexaad u dhexeeya. Intaa waxaa dheer, saxiixida heshiis ku saabsan Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha 13 Abriil 1950 wuxuu ku waajibiyay saxiixayaasha inay isku duwaan tallaabooyinka difaaca milatari. Bishii Maarso 2015, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku dhawaaqay in la dhisay Ciidan Wadajir ah oo Carabi ah oo ujeedadoodu tahay in lagaga hortago xagjirnimada iyo khataraha kale ee soo wajahan Dowladaha Carabta. Go'aankaas waxaa la gaaray xilli Operation Decisive Storm ay ka sii dareysay Yemen. Ka-qaybgalka mashruucan waa mid ikhtiyaari ah, ciidankuna waxay soo farageliyaan oo keliya marka uu codsado mid ka mid ah dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Iskaashiga milatari ee horay u jiray ee u dhexeeyay dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta, dagaallada sokeeye ee gobolka, iyo khataraha argagixiso waxay ahaayeen kuwa dhaliyay dhismaha JAF.[8]

Horraantii 1970-meeyadii, Golaha Dhaqaaluhu wuxuu soo jeediyay soo-jeedin ah in la abuuro Golayaasha Ganacsiga Wadajirka ah ee Carabta ee dalalka caalamiga ah dhexdiisa. Taasina waxay horseedday in la dejiyo waajibaadyo lagu dhiirrigelinayo, lagu taageerayo, loona fududeynayo ganacsiga labada dhinac ah ee u dhexeeya Dunida Carabta iyo la-hawlgalayaasha ganacsiga muhiimka ah.

Taariikh

Ka dib markii la ansixiyay Heshiiskii Iskandariya sanadkii 1944, Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa la aas-aasay 22 Maarso 1945.[9] Xarunta rasmiga ah ee Jaamacaddu waxay ahayd Qasriga Boustan ee Qaahira.[10] Waxay u jeedday in ay noqoto urur goboleed ay leeyihiin dalalka Carabta oo diiradda saaraya horumarinta dhaqaalaha, xallinta khilaafaadka, iyo isku-dubaridka ujeeddooyinka siyaasadeed.[10] Waddamo kale ayaa gadaal ka soo biiray jaamacadda.[11] Waddan kasta waxaa la siiyay hal cod oo golaha dhexdiisa ah. Tallaabadii ugu weyneyd ee ugu horreysay waxay ahayd faragelin wadajir ah si looga hortago in Falastiin loo qaybiyo laba dal iyadoo la raacayo go'aankii Golaha Guud ee Qaramada Midoobay. Markii Urdun ay ogolaatay soo jeedintan, Masar waxay soo faragelisay si ay uga hortagto in taasi dhacdo.[12] Waxaa ku xigtay abuuritaanka heshiis difaaca wadajirka ah laba sano ka dib. Suuqa guud waxaa la dhisay 1965.[13]

Shaambada xusuusta aasaaska Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta - Masar 22-3-1945. Muujineysa calammada 8-da waddan ee aas-aasayaasha ah: Masar, Boqortooyada Sacuudi Carabiya, Yemen, Suuriya, Ciraaq, Urdun, Lubnaan iyo Falastiin

Sida uu qabo Michael Barnett iyo Etel Solingen, Jaamacadda Carabta "waxay gaartay heer hoose oo iskaashi ah" taariikhdeeda oo dhan. Waxay sheegeen in qaab-dhismeedka Jaamacadda Carabta uu ka tarjumayo welwelka shakhsi ahaaneed ee hoggaamiyeyaasha Carabta ee ku aaddan badbaadada taliskooda: "si siyaasadeed waddaniyadda Carabta iyo aqoonsiga la wadaago waxay ku kellifeen dalalka Carabta inay qaataan hadallada midnimada Carabta si ay u sharciyeeyaan talisyadooda, isla markaana ay uga cabsadaan midnimada Carabta ficil ahaan sababtoo ah waxay ku soo rogi lahayd xannibaadyo ka waaweyn madaxbannaanidooda."[6] Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa "si gaar ah loogu talagalay in ay ku guuldarraysato soo saarista nooca iskaashiga iyo is-dhexgalka weyn ee daciifin lahaa hoggaamiyeyaasha siyaasadeed ee dalka gudihiisa."[6]

Juqraafi

Taariikhaha ay ku biireen dalalka xubnaha ka ah; Comoros (oo wareeg ku jirta) waxay ku biirtay 1993.
  1940-meeyadii   1950-meeyadii   1960-meeyadii   1970-meeyadii

Dalalka xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay daboolayaan in ka badan 13,000,000 km2 (5,000,000 sq mi) waxayna ku fidsan yihiin laba qaaradood: Afrika iyo Aasiya. Gobolku inta badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay lama degaan abaaran, sida Saxaraha Weyn. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, wuxuu kaloo ka kooban yahay dhulal aad u bacrin ah sida Dooxada Niil, Dooxada Jubba iyo Dooxada Shabeelle ee ku yaal Geeska Afrika, Buuraha Atlas ee ku yaal Waddammada Maghribka, iyo Bilaha Bacrin ah ee ku fidsan Mesopotamia iyo Levant. Gobolku wuxuu ka kooban yahay keymo qoto dheer oo ku yaal koonfurta Gacanka Carabta iyo qaybo ka mid ah webiga ugu dheer adduunka, Niil.

Xubinnimo

Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaanno Heshiiskii Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta, waa heshiiskii aas-aasiga ahaa ee Jaamacadda Carabta. La ansixiyay 1945, wuxuu dhigayaa in "Jaamacadda Dowladaha Carabta ay ka koobnaan doonaan Dowladaha Carabta ee madaxbannaan ee saxiixay Axdigan."[5]

Sannadkii 1945, waxaa jiray toddobo xubnood,[14] laakiin hadda Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leedahay 22 xubnood, oo ay ku jiraan 10 waddan oo Afrikaan ah:

iyo 7 waddan oo kormeerayaal ah (fiiro gaar ah: dalalka kormeerayaasha ah ee hoose waxaa lagu casuumay inay ka qaybgalaan fadhiyada gaarka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta laakiin ma laha xuquuq codayn):

Hakinta xubinnimada

Masar waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda Jaamacadda Carabta 26 Maarso 1979 sabab la xiriirta Heshiiskii nabadda ee Masar iyo Israa'iil, iyadoo xarunta Jaamacaddu ay ka soo guurtay Qaahira oo ay u aadday Tunis, Tuniisiya. Sannadkii 1987, dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay dib u soo celiyeen xiriirkii diblomaasiyadeed ee ay la lahaayeen Masar, dalkuna wuxuu dib ugu biiray Jaamacadda bishii May 1989, xarunta Jaamacaddana waxaa loo soo celiyay Qaahira bishii Sebtembar 1990.[22]

Libya xubinnimadeeda waa la hakinay 22 Febraayo 2011, ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Libyan kowaad.[23] Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u codeysay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Libya 27 Agoosto 2011 iyadoo aqoonsatay wakiil ka socda Golaha Kala-guurka Qaranka, oo ahaa dowladdii ku-meel-gaarka ahayd ee dalkaas qayb ahaan aqoonsiga haysatay.[24]

Suuriya waxaa laga joojiyay xubinnimadeeda 16 Nofeembar 2011 ka dib markii uu qarxay dagaalkii sokeeye ee Suuriya. 6 Maarso 2013, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay kursigii Suuriya ee Jaamacadda siisay Isbahaysiga Qaran ee Suuriya, oo ahaa kooxda mucaaradka ah ee ugu weyn mucaaradka Suuriya.[25] 9 Maarso 2014, xoghayaha guud Nabil Elaraby wuxuu sheegay in kursiga Suuriya uu ahaan doono mid banneyn ilaa inta mucaaradku ka dhammaystiranayaan dhismaha hay'adahooda.[26] Sannadkii 2021, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday geeddi-socod caadi-yareyn ah oo u dhexeeya dowladda Ba'athist-ka Suuriya iyo waddamada kale ee Carabta.[27] 7 Maajo 2023, shirka Golaha Jaamacadda Carabta ee ka dhacay Qaahira, waxaa lagu heshiiyay in dib loo soo celiyo xubinnimadii Suuriya.[28]

Siyaasadda iyo maamulka

Xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta, Qaahira.
  Aqoonsiga labada Israa'iil iyo Dawladda Falastiin
  Aqoonsiga Dawladda Falastiin keliya

Jaamacadda Carabta waa urur siyaasadeed oo isku daya in uu caawiyo is-dhexgalka dhaqaale ee xubnaheeda, iyo in uu xalliyo khilaafaadka u dhexeeya dalalka xubnaha ka ah iyadoon la weydiisan gargaar dibadda ah. Waxay leedahay qaybo ka mid ah baarlamaan metela dawladaha halka arrimaha dibaddana inta badan lagu maamulo kormeerka Qaramada Midoobay hoosteeda.[29]

Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ansixiyay mabda'a qaran-qaranimada Carabta iyadoo la ixtiraamayo madaxbannaanida dalalka xubnaha shakhsi ahaaneed. Xeerarka gudaha ee Golaha Jaamacadda iyo guddiyada waxaa lagu heshiiyay Oktoobar 1951. Kuwa Xoghaynta Guud waxaa lagu heshiiyay May 1953.

Tan iyo markaas, maamulka Jaamacadda Carabta wuxuu ku saleysnaa laba-jibaarka hay'adaha sare ee gobolka iyo madaxbannaanida dalalka xubnaha ka ah. Ilaalinta qaranimada shakhsi ahaaneed waxay xooggeeda ka soo qaadaneysaa dookha dabiiciga ah ee eliska taliska si ay u ilaashadaan awooddooda iyo madaxbannaanidooda go'aan-qaadasho. Intaa waxaa dheer, mucaaradka u dhexeeya madaxda Carabta, iyo saameynta awoodaha dibadda ee ka soo horjeesan kara midnimada Carabta waxaa loo arki karaa caqabado hortaagan is-dhexgal qoto dheer oo jaamacadda ah.

Iyagoo maanka ku haya ku dhawaaqidoodii hore ee ay ku taageerayeen Carabta Falastiin, aasaasayaashii Axdiga waxay go'aansadeen inay ku daraan gudaha Jaamacadda tan iyo bilowgii.[30] Taasi waxaa lagu sameeyay lifaaq caddaynaya:[5]

In kasta oo Falastiin aysan awood u lahayn in ay maamusho qaddarkeeda, haddana waxay ahayd saldhigga aqoonsiga madaxbannaanideeda in Axdiga Golaha Qarammada Midoobay uu u go'aamiyay nidaam dowladeed iyada. Sida darteed, jiritaankeeda iyo madaxbannaanideeda ka dhexaysa quruumaha lagama su'aali karo de jure in ka badan madaxbannaanida mid ka mid ah dalalka kale ee Carabta. [...] Sida darteed, Dowladaha saxiixay Axdiga Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qabaan in marka la eego xaaladaha gaarka ah ee Falastiin, Golaha Jaamacadda uu u magacaabo wakiil Carabi ah oo ka socda Falastiin si uu uga qaybqaato shaqadeeda ilaa dalkan uu ka helayo madaxbannaanida dhabta ah

Bishii Sebtembar 1963, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u magacowday Ahmad Shukeiri Wakiilka Falastiin ee Jaamacadda Carabta.[31] Shir-madaxeedkii Qaahira ee 1964, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay bilowday abuuritaanka urur metela dadka Falastiin. Golaha Qaranka ee Falastiin ee ugu horreeyay wuxuu ku shiray Quddusbari 29 May 1964. Ururka Xoreynta Falastiin waxaa la aas-aasay intii uu socday shirkan 2 Juun 1964. Falastiin waxaa si dhakhso ah loogu aqbalay Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo ay matalayso PLO. Maanta, Dawladda Falastiin waa xubin buuxda oo ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta.

Shir-madaxeedkii Beeruut ee 28 Maarso 2002, jaamacaddu waxay ansixisay Hindisaha Nabadda ee Carabta, oo ah qorshe nabadeed oo uu dhiirrigeliyay Sacuudigu oo ku aaddan khilaafka Carabta iyo Israa'iil. Hindisuhu wuxuu soo bandhigay caadi-yareyn buuxda oo ku saabsan xiriirka Israa'iil. Taas beddelkeedana, Israa'iil waxaa laga rabaa inay ka baxdo dhammaan dhulka la haysto, oo ay ku jiraan Golan Heights, inay aqoonsato madaxbannaanida Falastiin ee Daanta Galbeed iyo Marinka Gaza, iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda, iyo sidoo kale "xal caddaalad ah" oo loo helo qaxootiga Falastiin. Hindisaha Nabadda waxaa dib loogu taageeray 2007 Shir-madaxeedkii Riyadh. Bishii Luulyo 2007, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u dirtay ergo ka koobnayd wasiirrada arrimaha dibadda ee Urdun iyo Masar oo tagtay Israa'iil si ay u dhiirrigeliyaan hindisaha. Ka dib tallaabadii Venezuela ay ku cayrisay diblomaasiyiinta Israa'iil intii uu socday dagaalkii Gaza ee 2008-2009, xildhibaanka Kuwayt Waleed Al-Tabtabaie wuxuu soo jeediyay in xarunta Jaamacadda Carabta loo raro Caracas, Venezuela.[32] 13 Juun 2010, Amr Mohammed Moussa, Xoghayaha Guud ee Jaamacadda Carabta, wuxuu booqday Marinka Gaza, taas oo ahayd booqashadii ugu horreysay ee sarkaal ka tirsan Jaamacadda Carabta tan iyo markii Hamas ay la wareegtay gacan-ku-haynta hubaysan 2007.

Jaamacadda Carabta waa xubin ka tirsan China-Arab States Cooperation Forum (CASCF), oo la aas-aasay 2004. CASCF waa ka-qaybgalkii ugu horreeyay ee Jaamacadda Carabta ee madal iskaashi oo ay la leedahay waddan ama gobol kale.[33] CASCF waa hab-maamuleedka isku-dubaridka dhinacyada badan ee u dhexeeya dalalka Carabta iyo Shiinaha, waxaana gudaha CASCF Jaamacadda Carabta ay ku matashaa dalalkeeda xubnaha ka ah sidii xoog isku midaysan.[34] Isku-dubaridka Jaamacadda Carabta waxay u oggolaaneysaa dalalka Carabta inay si firfircoon ula xaajoodaan mashaariicda wadajirka ah ee ay ku jiraan dhowr waddan, sida mashaariicda tareennada, mashaariicda tamarta nukliyeerka, iyo hindisayaasha Badda Dhimatay.[33]

Sannadkii 2015, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso faragelinta milatari ee uu hoggaaminayo Sacuudiga ee Yemen ee ka dhanka ah Xuutiyiinta Shiicada ah iyo ciidamada daacadda u ah Madaxweynihii hore Ali Abdullah Saleh, oo xukunka looga tuuray kacaankii 2011.[35]

15 Abriil 2018, iyaga oo uga jawaabaya duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyiga Suuriya ee ujeeddadiisu ahayd in lagu ceyriyo Kurdida Suuriya ee ay taageerto Maraykanka magaalada Afrin, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay meel marisay qaraar ugu baaqaya ciidamada Turkiga inay ka baxaan Afrin.[36]

Bishii Sebtembar 2019, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay cambaaraysay qorshaha Benjamin Netanyahu ee ah inuu la wareego qaybta bariga ee Daanta Galbeed ee la haysto ee loo yaqaanno Dooxada Urdun.[37]

Jaamacadda Carabta waxay ku kulantay Qaahira 12 Oktoober 2019 si ay uga wada hadlaan duullaanka Turkigu ku qaaday waqooyi-bari Suuriya. Markii ay kulmeen, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay u codeeyeen inay cambaaraan duullaanka Turkiga, iyagoo ku tilmaamay labadaba 'duulaan' iyo 'gardarro' ka dhan ah waddan Carabi ah, waxayna ku dareen in ururku u arko mid xadgudub ku ah sharciga caalamiga ah.[38]

9 Sebtembar 2020, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay diiday inay cambaarayso go'aanka Imaaraadka Carabta ee ahaa inuu caadi ka dhigo xiriirka uu la leeyahay Israa'iil. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, "ujeeddada ay dalalkeenna Carabta oo dhan raadinayaan, marka laga reebo midna, waa in la soo afjaro shaqaysiga lana aasaaso dawlad Falastiin oo madaxbannaan oo ku salaysan xuduudihii 1967 iyadoo Quddusbari ay tahay caasimaddeeda," ayuu yiri Aboul Gheit.[39] Janaayo 2024, Jaamacadda Carabta waxay muujisay taageerada ay u hayso dacwadda xasuuqa ee Koonfur Afrika ay u gudbisay Maxkamadda ICJ ee ka dhanka ah Israa'iil.[40]

Liiska shir-madaxedyada

Calaamada Shir-madaxeedka Jaamacadda Carabta 2013
TiradaTaariikhdaWaddanka martigelinayaMagaalada martigelinaysa
113–17 Janaayo 1964 United Arab RepublicQaahira
25–11 Sebtembar 1964 United Arab RepublicIskandariya
313–17 Sebtembar 1965 MoroccoCasablanca
429 Agoosto 1967 SudanKhartoum
521–23 Diseembar 1969 MoroccoRabat
626–28 Nofeembar 1973 AlgeriaAlgiers
729 Oktoober 1974 MoroccoRabat
825–26 Oktoober 1976 EgyptQaahira
92–5 Nofeembar 1978Template:Country data Ba'athist IraqBaghdad
1020–22 Nofeembar 1979 TunisiaTunis
1121–22 Nofeembar 1980 JordanAmman
126–9 Sebtembar 1982 MoroccoFes
131985 MoroccoCasablanca
141987 JordanAmman
15Juun 1988 AlgeriaAlgiers
161989 MoroccoCasablanca
171990Template:Country data Ba'athist IraqBaghdad
181996 EgyptQaahira
1927–28 Maarso 2001 JordanAmman
2027–28 Maarso 2002 LebanonBeirut
211 Maarso 2003 EgyptSharm el-Sheikh
2222–23 Maajo 2004 TunisiaTunis
2322–23 Maarso 2005 AlgeriaAlgiers
2428–30 Maarso 2006 SudanKhartoum
2527–28 Maarso 2007 Saudi ArabiaRiyadh
2629–30 Maarso 2008Template:Country data Ba'athist SyriaDamascus
2728–30 Maarso 2009 QatarDoha
2827–28 Maarso 2010Template:Country data Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab JamahiriyaSirte
2927–29 Maarso 2012 IraqBaghdad
3021–27 Maarso 2013 QatarDoha[41]
3125–26 Maarso 2014 KuwaitKuwait City[42]
3228–29 Maarso 2015 EgyptSharm El Sheikh[43]
3320 Luulyo 2016 MauritaniaNouakchott
3423–29 Maarso 2017 JordanAmman[44]
3515 Abriil 2018 Saudi ArabiaDhahran
3631 Maarso 2019 TunisiaTunis[45]
371 Nofeembar 2022 AlgeriaAlgiers
3819 Maajo 2023 Saudi ArabiaJeddah
3916 Maajo 2024 BahrainManama
40 17 Maajo 2025 Iraq Baghdad

Shir-madaxedyada degdegga ah

TiradaTaariikhdaWaddanka martigelinayaMagaalada martigelinaysa
121–27 Sebtembar 1970 United Arab RepublicQaahira
217–28 Oktoober 1976 Saudi ArabiaRiyadh
37–9 Sebtembar 1985 MoroccoCasablanca
48–12 Nofeembar 1987 JordanAmman
57–9 Juun 1988 AlgeriaAlgiers
623–26 Juun 1989 MoroccoCasablanca
728–30 Maajo 1990Template:Country data Ba'athist IraqBaghdad
89–10 Agoosto 1990 EgyptQaahira
922–23 Juun 1996 EgyptQaahira
1021–22 Oktoober 2000 EgyptQaahira
117 Janaayo 2016 Saudi ArabiaRiyadh
1211 Nofeembar 2023 Saudi ArabiaRiyadh
134 Maarso 2025 EgyptQaahira
  • Labada shir-madaxeed laguma darin nidaamka shir-madaxedyada Jaamacadda Carabta:
    • Anshas, Masar: 28–29 Maajo 1946.
    • Beirut, Lubnaan: 13 – 15 Nofeembar 1958.
  • Shir-madaxeedkii 12aad ee Fes, Morocco, wuxuu dhacay laba marxaladood:
    • 25 Nofeembar 1981: Kulankii 5-ta saacadood ahaa wuxuu ku dhammaaday adigoon wax heshiis ah laga gaarin dukumiintiga.
    • 6–9 Sebtembar 1982.

Milatari

Golaha Difaaca Wadajirka ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa mid ka mid ah Hay'adaha Jaamacadda Carabta.[46] Waxaa la aas-aasay hoos imaanaya shuruudaha Heshiiska Difaaca Wadajirka ah iyo Iskaashiga Dhaqaalaha ee 1950 si loo isku dubarido difaaca wadajirka ah ee dalalka xubnaha ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta.[47]

Jaamacadda Carabta ahaan urur ahaan ma laha ciidan milatari, si la mid ah Qaramada Midoobay, laakiin shir-madaxeedkii 2007, hoggaamiyeyaashu waxay go'aansadeen inay dejiyaan siyaasadooda difaaca wadajirka ah ayna dhistaan ciidan nabad ilaalin ah oo la geeyo koonfurta Lubnaan, Darfur, Ciraaq, iyo meelaha kale ee kulul.

Shir-madaxeedkii 2015 ee ka dhacay Masar, dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ku heshiiyeen mabda' ahaan inay dhistaan ciidan milatari oo wadajir ah.[48]

Khayraadka dhaqaalaha

Jaamacadda Carabta waxay qani ku tahay khayraadka, sida shidaalka baaxadda leh iyo kheyraadka gaaska dabiiciga ah ee ku jira dalal qaar oo xubno ka ah.

Guulaha dhaqaale ee ay bilowday Jaamacaddu ee dhexmaray dalalka xubnaha ka ah waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan sidaas u xoog badnayn marka loo eego kuwa ay gaareen ururada Carabta ee ka yar sida Golaha Iskaashiga Khaliijka (GCC).[49] Waxaa ka mid ah Dhuumaha Gaaska Carabta, oo qaadi doona gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq oo la gayn doono Urdun, Suuriya, Lubnaan, iyo Turkiga. Laga soo bilaabo 2013, waxaa jira kala duwanaansho weyn oo xagga dhaqaalaha ah oo u dhexeeya dalalka shidaalka leh ee horumaray ee Algeria, Qatar, Kuwait iyo UAE, iyo dalalka soo koraya sida Comoros, Djibouti, Mauritania, Somalia, Sudan iyo Yemen.

Xubnaha OAPEC

Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kaloo ku jira dhulal aad u bacrin ah oo ku yaal koonfurta Sudan. Waxaa loogu yeeraa dambiisha cuntada ee Dunida Carabta, iyadoo aanay xasillooni-darridda gobolka oo ay ku jirto madaxbannaanida South Sudan aysan saameyn ku yeelan warshadeeda dalxiiska, taas oo loo arko warshadaha ugu koboca degdeg badan gobolka, iyadoo Egypt, UAE, Lebanon, Tunisia, iyo Jordan ay hormuud ka yihiin. Warshad kale oo si xawli ah uga kobeysa Jaamacadda Carabta waa isgaarsiinta.

Guulaha dhaqaale ee dhexmaray xubnaha waxay ahaayeen kuwo hooseeya taariikhda jaamacadda, ururada kale ee Carabta ee ka yar ayaa gaaray waxyaabo ka badan intii ay jaamacaddu gaartay, sida GCC, laakiin dhawaanahan dhowr mashruuc oo dhaqaale oo waaweyn oo ballanqaad leh ayaa la dhammaystirayaa, dhuumaha gaaska Carabta ayaa la filayaa inay dhammaadaan 2010, iyagoo ku xiraya Gaaska Masar iyo Ciraaq Urdun, Suuriya iyo Lubnaan, ka dibna Turkiga sidaasna Yurub, heshiis ganacsi xor ah (GAFTA) ayaa la dhammaystiray 1 January 2008, taasoo ka dhigtay 95% dhammaan alaabta Carabta kuwo canshuur la'aan ah oo caado ah.

Gaadiidka

Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa loo qaybiyaa shan qaybood marka ay timaado gaadiidka, iyadoo Gacanka Carabta iyo Bariga Dhexe ay gebi ahaanba isku xiran yihiin dhanka hawada, badda, waddooyinka iyo tareennada. Qayb kale oo ka mid ah Jaamacadda waa Dooxada Niil, oo ka kooban Masar iyo Suudaan. Labadan waddan ee xubnaha ka ah waxay bilaabeen inay horumariyaan nidaamka navigation-ka ee Webiga Niil si loo hagaajiyo helitaanka sidaas kalena loo dhiirrigeliyo ganacsiga. Nidaam cusub oo tareen ah ayaa sidoo kale loo qorsheeyay inuu ku xiro magaalada koonfureed ee Masar ee Abu Simbel magaalada waqooyiga Suudaan ee Wadi Halfa ka dibna Khartoum iyo Port Sudan. Qaybta saddexaad ee Jaamacadda waa Waddammada Maghribka, halkaas oo dherer gaaraya 3,000 km oo tareen ah uu ka socdo magaalooyinka koonfureed ee Morocco ilaa Tripoli ee galbeedka Libya. Qaybta afraad ee Jaamacadda waa Geeska Afrika, oo ay xubnaheeda ka mid yihiin Jabuuti iyo [[Somalia|Soomaaliya]. Labadan waddan ee Jaamacadda Carabta waxaa kala soocaya oo keliya toban mayl oo badda ah Gacanka Carabta oo ay dhex marto Bab el Mandeb, taasina si dhakhso ah ayay isu beddelaysaa maadaama Tarik bin Laden, oo ah walaalka Osama bin Laden, uu bilaabay dhismaha mashruuca hмиisada leh ee Bridge of the Horns, kaas oo ujeeddadiisu tahay inuu ku xiro Geeska Afrika iyo Gacanka Carabta iyada oo la marinayo buundo weyn. Mashruucu waxaa loogu talagalay in lagu fududeeyo oo la dedejiyo ganacsiga iyo isu-socodka qarniyada soo jireenka ah ee u dhexeeya labada gobol. Qaybta ugu dambeysa ee Jaamacadda waa jasiiradaha go'doomiyey ee Comoros ee ku yaal xeebta Bariga Afrika, oo aan si jireed ugu xirnayn waddan kale oo Carabi ah, laakiin weli la ganacsada xubnaha kale ee Jaamacadda Carabta.

Akhris-qoraalka

Ururinta xogta akhris-qoraalka, dalal badan ayaa qiyaasa tirada dadka wax akhriya oo qora iyagoo ku saleynaya xog ay soo sheegeen shaqsiyaadkooda. Qaarkood waxay isticmaalaan xogta heerka waxbarasho sidii tilmaame, laakiin cabbiraadaha soo-xairashada dugiska ama dhameystirka fasalka waa ay kala duwanaan karaan. Sababtoo ah qeexitaannada iyo hababka ururinta xogta waa ay ku kala duwan yihiin dalalka, qiyaasta akhris-qoraalka waa in si taxaddar leh loo isticmaalo. United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Report 2010. Gobolka Khaliijka Carabta wuxuu yeeshay barwaaqo shidaal, taasoo sahlaysa in la dhiso dugsiyo iyo jaamacado badan.

QiimahaWaddankaHeerka akhris-qoraalka (%)
1 Qatar97.3[50]
2 Palestine96.5[50]
3 Kuwait96.3[50]
4 Bahrain95.7[50]
5 Jordan95.4[50]
6 Saudi Arabia94.4[50]
7 Lebanon93.9[50]
8 United Arab Emirates93.8[50]
9 Oman91.1[50]
10 Liibiya91[50]
11 Syria86.4[50]
12 Iraq85.7[50]
13 Tunisia81.8[50]
14 Comoros81.8[50]
15 Algeria80.2[50]
16 Sudan75.9[50]
17 Egypt73.8[50]
18 Yemen70.1[50]
19 Djibouti70.0[51]
20 Morocco68.5[50]
21 Mauritania52.1[50]
22 Somalia44–72[52]

Dadweynaha

Halka Carabtu ay ka yihiin inta badan dadka ku nool Jaamacadda Carabta, iyadoo Masriyiinta ay ka dhiganyihiin dadweynaha ugu badan ee kooxdan gudaheeda ah, haddana gobolku wuxuu kaloo hoy u yahay kooxo kale oo qowmiyaddu gooni u ah. Kuwaas waxaa ka mid ah Berber-ka, Kurdida, Soomaalida, Assyrianka, Armiinika, Nubiyaanka, Mandaan-ka, iyo Cherkes-ka. Koox kasta oo ka mid ah kooxahan waxay leedahay dhaqan, luqad, iyo caadooyin u gaar ah. Laga soo bilaabo 1 Luulyo 2013, ku dhowaad 359 milyan oo qof ayaa ku nool dalalka Jaamacadda Carabta. Tirada dadkeedu waxay si dhaqso leh uga koraysaa inta badan gobollada kale ee caalamka. Waddanka xubinta ka ah ee dadkiisu badanyahay waa Masar, oo ay ku nool yihiin in ka badan 100 milyan oo qof.[53] Kan ugu yar dadweyne ahaan waa Comoros, oo leh qiyaastii 850,000 oo qof.

QiimahaWaddankaTirada DadkaCufnaanta (/km2)Cufnaanta (sq mi)Xusuusin
1 Egypt109,450,0001092822025[2]
2 Sudan50,418,00027702025[2]
3 Algeria47,251,00020522025[2]
4 Iraq45,521,0001022642025[2]
5 Yemen41,774,000792052025[2]
6 Morocco37,712,000862232025[2]
7 Saudi Arabia36,006,00017442025[2]
8 Syria21,393,0001163002010[2]
9 Somalia16,963,00027702025[2]
10 Tunisia12,432,000761972025[2]
11 Jordan11,442,0001283322025[2]
12 United Arab Emirates11,083,0001333442025[2]
13 Liibiya6,982,0003.910.12025[2]
14 Oman5,502,00017.8462025[2]
15 Palestine5,477,0009102,3572023[2]
16 Lebanon5,354,0005121,3262024[2]
17 Kuwait5,112,0002877432025[2]
18 Mauritania4,629,0004.511.72025[2]
19 Qatar3,109,0002837332025[2]
20 Bahrain1,657,0002,2095,7212025[2]
21 Djibouti1,056,000461192025[2]
22 Comoros910,0004071,0542025[2]
Wadarta Arab League 481,233,000 36.594.5 2025[2]

Diinta

Inta badan muwaadiniinta Jaamacadda Carabta waxay raacaan diinta Islaamka, iyadoo Masiixiyaddu ay tahay diinta labaad ee ugu weyn. Ugu yaraan 15 milyan oo Masiixiyiin ah ayaa wadajir ugu nool Masar, Ciraaq, Urdun, Lubnaan, Falastiin, Suudaan iyo Suuriya. Intaa waxaa dheer, waxaa jira tirooyin yar laakiin muhiim ah oo ka tirsan Durzi, Yasiidiyiin, Shabak iyo Mandaan-ka. Tirada Carabta aan diinta haysta (aan diin lahayn) guud ahaan la heli maayo, laakiin cilmi-baarista ay samaysay Pew Forum waxay soo jeedinaysaa in ku dhowaad 1% dadka ku nool gobolka MENA ay yihiin kuwa aan diin lahayn.[54]

Luqadaha

Luqadda rasmiga ah ee Jaamacadda Carabta waa Carabiga Suugaanta ah, oo ku salaysan Carabiga Hore. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, dalal dhowr ah oo xubno ka ah Jaamacadda Carabta waxay leeyihiin luqado kale oo la siman ama qaran ah, sida Soomaaliga, Cafaariga, Komoriga, Faransiiska, Ingiriiska, Berber iyo Kurdiga. Waddamada badankoodu, waxaa jira af afka ah oo aan rasmi ahayn oo ah lahjadaha Carabiga ee la hadlo.

Dhaqanka

Cayaaraha

Cayaaraha Pan-Arab waxaa loo arkaa xafladda cayaareed ee ugu weyn Carabta, taas oo isu keenta ciyaartooy ka kala socota dhammaan dalalka Carabta si ay uga qaybqaataan cayaaro kala duwan oo kala duwan.

Union of Arab Football Associations waxay soo qabanqaabisaa Koobka Carabta (ee kooxaha qaran) iyo Koobka Horyaallada Kooxaha Carabta (ee naadiyada). Xiriirrada cayaaraha Carabta ayaa sidoo kale u jira cayaaro dhowr ah, oo ay ku jiraan kubadda koleyga, kubadda laliska, gacanta, teniska miiska, teniska, skwoash iyo dabbaasha.

Xusuusin

  1. ↑ Laga soo bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1990, Tunis.

Tixraacyo

  1. ↑ "Arab Parliament Speaker Welcomes UK Plan to Recognize Palestinian State".
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". IMF (in Ingiriisi). Retrieved 11 July 2025.
  3. ↑ "Arab League". The Columbia Encyclopedia. (2013). 
  4. ↑ Blair, Iain; Grivna, Michal; Sharif, Amer Ahmad (2014). "The "Arab World" is Not a Useful Concept When Addressing Challenges to Public Health, Public Health Education, and Research in the Middle East". Frontiers in Public Health. 2: 30. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2014.00030. ISSN 2296-2565. PMC 3988371. PMID 24783189.
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  7. ↑ Ashish K. Vaidya, Globalization (ABC-CLIO: 2006), p. 525.
  8. ↑ Fanack. "The Joint Arab Force – Will It Ever Work?". Fanack.com. Retrieved 13 July 2015.
  9. ↑ Arab League formed – History.com This Day in History – 3/22/1945 Archived 16 Nofeembar 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
  10. 1 2 I. H. Baqai (May 1946). "The Pan-Arab League". India Quarterly. 2 (2): 144–150. JSTOR 45067282. Retrieved 3 April 2022.
  11. ↑ HowStuffWorks "Arab League". Archived 15 Agoosto 2011 at the Wayback Machine History.howstuffworks.com (27 February 2008). Retrieved on 2014-04-28.
  12. ↑ Avi Shlaim, Collusion Across the Jordan: King Abdullah, the Zionist Movement and the Partition of Palestine. Oxford, U.K., Clarendon Press, 1988; Uri Bar-Joseph, Uri, The Best of Enemies: Israel and Transjordan in the War of 1948. London, Frank Cass, 1987; Joseph Nevo, King Abdullah and Palestine: A Territorial Ambition (London: Macmillan Press; New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996.
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  25. ↑ Black, Ian (26 March 2013). "Syrian opposition takes Arab League seat". The Guardian. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  26. ↑ "Syria opposition 'not yet ready for Arab League seat'". The Daily Star Newspaper. Lebanon. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
  27. ↑ "Saudi Arabia: Talks underway on Syria's return to Arab League" Archived 15 Maarso 2023 at the Wayback Machine middleeastmonitor. Accessed 25 March 2023.
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  31. ↑ Har-El, Shai (2024). China and the Palestinian Organizations: 1964–1971. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-3-031-57827-4.
  32. ↑ "Kuwaiti MP calls to move Arab league to Venezuela". AFP, via CaribbeanNetNews. 15 January 2009. Archived from the original on 4 Bisha Saddexaad 2009. Retrieved 16 January 2009. {{cite news}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help)
  33. 1 2 Murphy, Dawn C. (2022). China's rise in the Global South : the Middle East, Africa, and Beijing's alternative world order. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-5036-3060-4.
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  54. ↑ "Religious Diversity Around The World". Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project. 4 April 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.

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